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investigation is contrary to the general rule of equality of human actors, which should take place under any form of investigation. Depriving a person conducting the inquiry, the right not to accept the instructions of the prosecutor on the main lines of inquiry on the evaluation of evidence contrary to the principle of inner conviction (Article 71 CCP), which should guide?? atsya and the person conducting the inquiry.

In accordance with Part 1 of Art. 47 CCP counsel during the inquiry is allowed to participate in the filing of charges in the case of detention of persons suspected of committing crimes, or use him as a preventive measure of detention before being charged - with the announcement of his arrest report or the decision the application of this preventive measure. If the case is initiated and carried out the inquiry the juvenile, dumb, deaf, blind and other persons who by virtue of their physical and mental disability are unable to exercise the right to protection, as well as those who do not speak the language of the proceedings, the participation of counsel necessarily from the moment of detention or election as a preventive measure of detention.

inquiry must be completed not later than one month after the initiation of criminal proceedings, including in this term preparation of indictment or the decision to terminate or suspend the case ( Art. 121 CCP). This time limit may be extended by the prosecutor, directly oversees the production of the inquiry, but no more than one month.

In exceptional cases, the duration of the inquiry on the case can be extended according to the rules specified in Art. 133 Criminal Procedure Code and established for the preliminary investigation. In accordance with this article, the production of the inquiry may be extended by the district, the City Attorney, Military Prosecutor of the garrison, associations, connections and related public prosecutors for up to three months.

inquiry in cases specified by law may be made in cases of crimes listed in Art. 414 of the CPC, for which preparation of materials for the trial, usually carried out in a protocol form. This can occur in cases under Art.

416 CCP:

-criminal proceedings chief organ of inquiry, if within ten days it is impossible to clarify the essential circumstances of the offense;

-- return to the court case to clarify the substantial additional circumstances, if they can not be established in court;

-the return of the prosecutor or the court to determine the material of significant additional facts that are required to bring a case.

In these cases, the inquiry must be completed not later than twenty days from the date of commencement or return of the criminal case.

III. Functions and responsibilities of the inquiry.

In accordance with Art. 118 Part 1 and 2, as well as art. 127 Part 4 and art. 132 Part 3 of the investigative bodies have the following responsibilities:

1.To produce the criminal procedure law actions and operational-search measures in order to detect crimes and those committing them.

2.Take all necessary measures to prevent and combat crime.

3.Carry out the instructions and guidance of investigators in the performance of investigative and search actions, assist them in conducting investigations.

For the purposes of criminal procedural law governing the duties of organs of interest to us, the investigative bodies are the bodies of preliminary investigation, authorized as and an investigator to carry out procedural activities in connection with the coming to them about committing a crime.

the whole activity of inquiry composed of two main functions: criminal procedure and criminal detection, which combine a smaller and more specific functions, we are considering law enforcement. Thus, when the criminal procedure of the organs of inquiry shall have the following functions:

- Consideration and approval of applications for the crimes.

In accordance with Art. 109 Part 1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure the investigative bodies are obliged to take statements and reports of any crime committed or in preparation, and decide upon a term of not more than three days from the date of receipt of the application or communication, and in exceptional cases - in a period not exceeding ten days.

Applications can be made, both oral and written

(required by enterprises, institutions, organizations and officials).

Oral statements shall be reported to the applicant and signed by the person conducting the inquiry, if it adopted a statement (st.110 CCP).

Protocol also compiled and surrenders (Article 11 of the Code of Criminal Procedure).

After reading the applications should be one of the following decisions: 1) initiate criminal proceedings in order, proof in Art. 112 CCP.

2) To refuse to prosecute. It is made a reasoned decision (Art. 112 CCP).

3) Submit a statement or a message to another investigative or judicial jurisdiction (Art. 114 CCP).

- carrying out verification activities in connection with the presence of other grounds for criminal prosecution.

-- inquiry.

This feature is embodied in st.115 CCP, which clearly states that after the determination of a criminal case, the body of inquiry to begin an inquiry with the rules of criminal procedure law with the sanction of a prosecutor

- Pre-trial preparation materials in the form of protocol.

In cases of crimes listed art. 414 CCP, the bodies of inquiry no later than ten days, the circumstances of the offense and the identity of the offender and receive an explanation from the perpetrator, witnesses and others who seek help on the presence or absence of a conviction of the offender, the characterization of his place of work or study, and other materials relevant to the trial (Part 1 of Art. 415). The circumstances of the crime recorded in the protocol, which is made in accordance with Art. 415 Part 3

Code of Criminal Procedure.

-Production investigative acting on behalf of the investigators (Art. 127, 132, 196 Code of Criminal Procedure).

-participated in the investigation of individual actions carried out by investigators to assist.

this function are enshrined in st.127 part 4 of the Criminal Procedure Code, which states: the investigator has investigated them for the right to require the bodies of inquiry facilitate the production of certain investigative actions .

his demand he represents in writing, and it is for the bodies of inquiry mustfeasible.

The above functions are carried out by bodies of inquiry during the criminal procedure. As for the operative-search activities of the bodies, I think, should first list those public authorities, the powers of which include operational-search activity. Thus, in accordance with Art. 13

Federal Law on Operational-Search Activity in the territory of the right to carry out operational investigative activities available to operational units:

1. Of internal affairs of .

2. Of the Federal Security Service.

3. Federal Tax Police Bodies.

4. Federal organs of state security.

5. Organs of the Border Service of .

6. Customs .

7. Intelligence Service .

8. Ministry of Justice.

(Clause 8 imposed by Federal law from 21.07.98 N 117-FZ)

As seen from this list, not all the investigative bodies carry out operational-search activities . These activities do not have the heads of individual agencies (the commanders of military units, chiefs of military establishments, captains of ships, the chiefs of wintering), as well as organs of state fire control.

On the basis of Art. 2 of the same Act, the bodies involved in the operationalsearch activities pursue the following objectives:

-detection, prevention, suppression and detection of crime, as well as identifying and those preparing them, committing or have committed

-implement tracing fugitives from the bodies of inquiry, investigation or trial, evading criminal penalties, as well as tracing missing persons;

-extraction of information about events or actions that endanger the public, military, economic or environmental security

.

At the same time to implement the decisions of their tasks ,above bodies should hold a series of operativedetective activities:

1. Poll citizens.

2. Inquiry.

3. Collection of samples for comparative studies.

4. Purchase verification.

5. Study of objects and documents.

6. Monitoring.

7.The identification of the individual.

8.Inspection of premises, buildings, structures, terrain and vehicles.

9.Control of postal, telegraphic and other communications.

10.Telephone wiretapping.

11.Removing information from the technical communication channels.

12.Rapid implementation.

13.Controlled delivery.

14.Operating experiment.

2.INQUIRY BODIES : GENERAL PROVISIONS, FUNCTIOINS, SYSTEM

the bodies of inquiry and inquiry officers.

Types of inquiry

Functions and responsibilities of the inquiry

The police as the main body of inquiry.

1.Criminal Police.

2.Public Safety Police

. Ensuring the legality of the inquiry

ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОЕ РАССЛЕДОВАНИЕ В РОССИИ: ПОНЯТИЕ И ФОРМЫ

В Российской Федерации рассмотрению уголовного дела в суде предшествует его предварительное расследование – регламентируемая уголовно-процессуальным законодательством правоохранительная деятельность уполномоченных на то органов по установлению события преступления, по розыску и изобличению лица (или лиц), виновного(ных) в его совершении, по возмещению причиненного преступлением ущерба и принятию мер по устранению причин его совершения и предупреждения новых преступлений.

Выводы, сделанные в процессе предварительного расследования, о виновности, доказанности и другие не являются окончательными, а только предварительными, предшествующими разбирательству в суде уголовных дел.

Предварительное расследование является объективно необходимым.

Органы расследования в силу своей разветвленности, близости к месту совершения преступлений, тесной связи с органами, осуществляющими оперативно-розыскную деятельность, имеют возможность быстро реагировать на каждое преступление, в кратчайшие сроки собирать необходимые доказательства.

Роль предварительного расследования велика, так как его оперативность,

своевременность и объективность во многом определяют законность, обоснованность и справедливость судебного решения.

Полномочия органа дознания

Основным органом дознания является милиция. Оба ее подразделения — криминальная милиция и милиция общественной безопасности — осуществляют функции дознания, а начальники соответствующих подразделений выступают в роли руководителей органов дознания.

Всвязи со значительным объемом уголовно-процессуальной деятельности милиции в районных, городских отделах внутренних дел, в линейных отделах (отделениях) внутренних дел на транспорте действуют дознаватели

— сотрудники, которым на постоянной основе поручается ведение дознания.

Ввышестоящих органах внутренних дел создаются отделы дознания, осуществляющие контрольно-методическое руководство дознавателями.

Деятельность органов дознания различается в зависимости от того, действуют ли они по делам, по которым производство предварительного следствия является обязательным, или же по делам, по которым производство предварительного следствия не обязательно.

Деятельность органов дознания по делам, по которым производство предварительного следствия обязательно. Орган дознания возбуждает при наличии к тому оснований уголовное дело и производит неотложные следственные действия по закреплению следов преступления: осмотр, обыск, выемку, освидетельствование, задержание и допросы подозреваемых, потерпевших и свидетелей. Об обнаруженном преступлении и начатом дознании орган дознания немедленно уведомляет прокурора.

По выполнении неотложных следственных действий и не позднее 10 суток со дня возбуждения уголовного дела орган дознания обязан передать дело следователю. В случае, если расследование данного преступления подследственно другому правоохранительному органу, а не тому, г проводилось дознание, дело направляется прокурору для определения органа, который будет проводить предварительное следствие.