1.different; 2. mechanical; 3. frost, snow and water; 4. hydrogen; 5. solid; 6. foam; 7. oxygen; 8. dry powder; 9. water.
appearance [q'pIqrqns],n - внешний вид
exclude [Iks'klHd],v- исключать
flow [flqu],v- течь
frothy ['frOTI],adj- пенистый
intervene [Intq'vJn],v- вмешиваться
intervening - промежуточный
lower ['lquq],v-понижать
quantity ['kwOntItI],n-количество
release [rI'lJs],n -освобождение
retain [rI'teIn],v-удерживать
separate ['seprIt],v-разделять (от)
soapsuds ['squpsAds]-мыльная пена
suppress(or) [sq'pres(q)],v,n- мешать, подавлять, глушитель
water supply ['wLtq] [sq'plQI]- водоснабжение
TEXT: FOAM
Foam is a frothy product which is similar in appearance to soap-suds. It is so light that it flows in any liquid. Foam is the most effective extinguishing agent for fires of liquids which are not mixed with water, e.g. petrol, paraffin, spirit, paints, oils and many others.
Fire fighting foam is effective as an extinguishing agent and vapor suppresser because it can float freely over a surface of the liquid to form a blanket; resist heat, flame and wind; retain its water content for a long period.
Foam extinguishes and prevents fire in several ways:
smothering: preventing air and flammable vapors from combining;
separating: intervening between the fuel and the fire;
cooling: lowering the temperature of the fuel and adjacent surfaces;
suppressing: preventing the release of flammable vapors.
In general, foam works by forming a blanket on the burning fuel. The foam blanket excludes oxygen and stops the burning process.
There are two classes of foam: chemical and mechanical. Chemical foam is produced by a chemical reaction. Mechanical foam does not involve any chemical action in its preparation.
Foams in use today are of mechanical type, that is, they must be proportioned and aerated (mixed with air) before they can be used.
It is known that foam has many advantages over vaporizing liquids. Although foam is particularly well suited to fires of liquids, it may also be useful on fires of ordinary combustible materials, such as paper, textiles and so on, when the water supply is limited.
Например: ‘extinguishing’ – Participle 1- образовано от глагола ‘to extinguish’ при помощи суффикса –ing; ‘flammable’ – adjective – образовано от существительного ‘flame’ при помощи суффикса –able.
1. Only some of the (extinguished, extinguishing, extinguisher) agents are suitable to fires of liquids. 2. Fire fighting foam is an (effective, effectiveness, effecting) extinguishing agent. 3. (Cooler, cooling, cooled) is one of the ways of fire preventing. 4. Suppressing prevents the release of (flaming, flammable, flamed) vapors. 5. Foam works by (former, formless, forming) a blanket on the burning fuel. 6. Chemical foam is produced by a chemical (reaction, reactor, reactive). 7. Foam may be used on fires of ordinary (combustion, combustible, combusting) materials. 8. Fire fighting foam is an effective vapor (suppressor, suppressed, suppressing). 9. Foam has many advantages over (vaporized, vaporizable, vaporizing) liquids. 10. The foam blanket stops the (burning, burner, burned) process.
Inflammable, extinguishment, incombustible, suppressor, impossibility, unsuitable, supposition, unproportioned, aerate, ineffectiveness, reproduction, unbreakable, surrounding, intervening.
1. What is foam?
2. Why can foam float over a surface
of the liquid?
3. Foam retains its water content for
a long period, doesn’t it?
4. How does foam extinguish and
prevent fire?
5. What does the process of cooling
mean?
6. How does foam work?
7. There are three classes of foam,
aren’t there?
8. Is mechanical foam produced by
a chemical reaction?
9. When can foams be used?
10.What fires is foam applied?
a) In several ways: smothering,
cooling, suppressing, separating.
b) No, there aren’t.
c) Because it is light.
d) No, it isn’t.
e) A frothy product.
f) On fires of liquids and of
ordinary combustible materials.
g) When they are proportioned and aerated.
h) Lowering the temperature.
i) Yes, it does.
j) By forming a blanket.
1. A frothy product which is similar in appearance to soapsuds. 2. One of the ways of preventing air and flammable vapors from combining. 3. It is the lowering of the temperature. 4. The way of intervening between the fuel and the fire. 5. Preventing the release of flammable vapors. 6. The product of chemical reaction.
Chemical foam; cooling; fire fighting foam; separating; suppressing; smothering.
1. Пожарная пена похожа по внешнему виду на мыльную пену. 2. Пена является эффективным тушащим веществом для жидкостей, которые не смешиваются с водой. 3. Пожарная пена – эффективное тушащее вещество, потому что она легкая и может свободно плавать на поверхности жидкости; оказывать сопротивление теплу, пламени и ветру; сохранять в себе воду длительный период. 4. Пена тушит и предотвращает пожар благодаря своей способности покрывать горящее вещество “одеялом”, отделять топливо от огня, охлаждать, подавлять воспламеняемые пары. 5. Пенное “одеяло” исключает кислород и останавливает процесс горения. 6. Существует два класса пены: химическая и механическая. 7. В наши дни используется пена механического типа. 8. Пожарная пена имеет много преимуществ перед испаряющимися жидкостями. 9. Пена может использоваться на пожарах обычных горючих материалов, когда ограничено водоснабжение.
1. Foam works … forming a blanket on the burning surface. 2. There are two classes … foam. 3. Some liquids are not mixed … water. 4. Foam is similar in appearance … soap-suds. 5. Fire-fighting foam can float freely … a surface of the liquid. 6. Foam prevents air and vapors … combining. 7. It is the intervening layer … the fuel and the fire. 8. Foams must be aerated … their application. 9. It can be used … fires of ordinary combustible materials. 10. Foam extinguishes and prevents fire … several ways. 11. Foam is an effective extinguishing agent … it can retain its water content for a long period. 12. Foam can flow … any liquid.