МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РФ
Государственное образовательное учреждение
высшего профессионального образования
Воронежский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет
Кафедра иностранных языков
по английскому языку
для студентов 2 курса специальности 280104
«Пожарная безопасность»
(часть первая)
Воронеж 2011
У ДК 802.0:614.84(07)
ББК 81.2Англ:38.96я7
Составитель
О.Ф. Нестерова
Методические указания по английскому языку для студентов 2 курса спец. 280104 – 1 часть/ Воронеж. гос. арх.-строит. ун-та ; сост.: О.Ф. Нестерова. – Воронеж, 2011. - 28 с.
Методические указания включают 5 уроков, рассчитанных для активного усвоения. В каждом уроке представлены предтекстовые упражнения, поурочный словарь-минимум, упражнения на его закрепление, текст и послетекстовые лексические, грамматические и речевые упражнения.
Тексты подготовлены по материалам зарубежных печатных изданий и адаптированы. Все темы имеют учебно-познавательный характер. В первой части раскрывается механизм пожаротушения, дана классификация пожаров и указаны критерии выбора огнетушителей.
Указания предназначены для формирования умений чтения и перевода технической литературы по специальности 280104 «Пожарная безопасность», а также для развития навыков устной речи по профессиональной тематике.
УДК 802.0:614.84(07)
ББК 81.2Англ:38.96я7
Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета
Воронежского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета
Рецензент – Н.Б. Подвигина, к.ф.н.,
ассистент кафедры русского языка
ВГАСУ
LESSON 1. FIRE EXTINGUISHING THEORY
Грамматика: The Indefinite Active and Passive Tenses. Modal Verbs. Participle 1
and П. The Gerund, its forms and functions
Словообразование: Suffixes: - ment, -(t)ion
Текст: Fire Extinguishing Theory
Упражнения
th [T ] - theory, method, methyl, methane, path, through, thermodynamic,both
[ð] - they, the, them, with, smothering, either, these;
ng [ŋ] - extinguishing, ingredient, starting, cooling, smothering, surrounding, supporting, introducing, separating, flaming, reducing, eliminating, stopping, smouldering, removing
tion [Sn] - interruption, dilution, reduction, concentration, proportion, combustion, reaction, option, elimination.
Образец: Removing the fuel source extinguishes fire. – A fire is extinguished by removing the fuel source.
1. The collapse of one fire ingredients will cause the fire to go out. 2. Cooling extinguishes solid and liquid fuels with high flash points. 3. Sand displaces the air surrounding a fire. 4. Introducing an inert gas into the fire reduces the percentage of oxygen.5. The firemen use some chemical extinguishing agents.
may – можно;
can – могу, может;
can’t – не может быть;
must – должен, надо.
б) Переведите, правильно передавая значения модальных глаголов и смысл всего сказуемого:
1. With flaming combustion the fire may be extinguished by reducing temperature, eliminating fuel for oxygen. 2. Solid and liquid fuels with high flash points can be extinguished by cooling. 3. This may be accomplished by stopping the flow of liquid. 4. The fireman must decide which of the factors he will try to remove. 5. Flammable gases cannot be extinguished by cooling with water. 6. Removing the fuel source may be of great value in reducing the potential losses. 7. In some cases the percentage of oxygen must be reduced to 0. 8. A reduction of oxygen proportion can be accomplished by introducing an inert gas into the fire. 9. The method of separating the oxygen from the fuel cannot work on self-oxidized materials. 10. The property may be transferred from parts of a burning building to a safe place.
а) –ment;
extinguish, accomplish, remove, base, establish, displace;
б) –(t)ion;
interrupt, produce, reduce, dissipate, dilute, concentrate, introduce, separate, eliminate
theory, based on, ingredients, temperature, chemical, reaction, phase, options, proportion, methods, process, to produce, normal, inert gases, application, collapse, adequate, form, a negative balance, effectively, gaseous, solid, atmosphere, concentration, area, separating, materials, metals, agents, parts, potential, safe, actions;
б) Подберите к русским словам английские эквиваленты, данные выше:
температура; процесс; газообразный; методы; теория; применение; концентрация; вещества; материалы; фаза; базируется, основывается; химическая реакция; составляющие; ингредиенты; форма; производить; инертные газы; пропорция, соотношение; атмосфера; нормальный; соответствующий; отрицательный баланс; эффективно; твердый; зона; отделяя; металлы; части, партии; потенциальный; варианты; разрушение; безопасный; действия.
accomplish [q’kOmplıS ], v - достигать
“blanket” [‘blæŋkıt] , n – одеяло
blanket , v – покрывать одеялом
cause [kO:z], v – служить причиной
common [‘kOmqn], adj – обычный
cool [ku:l], v - охлаждать
dilution [daı’lju:Sn] ,n - разбавление
displace [dıs’pleıs], v – замещать, вытеснять
dissipate [‘dısıpeıt], v - рассеивать
flash [flæS ], n – вспышка
fuel [‘fjHql], n - топливо
include [ın’klu:d], v – включать
interruption [ıntq’rA pSqn], n - прерывание
introduce [ıntrq’dju:s], v – внедрять, вводить
necessary [‘nesısrı] , adj – необходимый
oxygen [‘OksıGqn], n - кислород
possible [‘pOsıbl], adj - возможный
reduce [rı’dju:s], v – снижать, сокращать
remove [rı’mu:v] , v – удалять, устранять
self-oxidized [self’OksıdQızd] –самоокисляющиеся
smother [‘smAðq], v – тушить, подавлять
source [sLs], n - источник
surround [sq’raund], v – окружать
tend [tend], v – иметь тенденцию, склонность
transfer [‘trænsfq], v - передавать
try [traı], v - пытаться
Обратите внимание на названия химических веществ, встречающиеся в тексте:
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorobromomethane
Methyl bromide
TEXT: FIRE EXTINGUISHING THEORY
The extinguishing theory of fire is based on an interruption of one or more fire ingredients which are necessary to fire. They are fuel, oxygen and heat. The
collapse of one of them will cause the fire to go out. Before starting extinguishing fire the fireman must decide which of the factors he will try to remove. It is often possible to use more than one method at the same time.
One of the most common methods of extinguishment is cooling with water. It cools the fuel to a point where it does not produce sufficient vapour to burn. Solid and liquid fuels with high flash points can be extinguished by cooling. Low flash point liquids and flammable gases cannot be extinguished by cooling with water.
Then, a fire is effectively extinguished by removing the fuel source. It is often possible to transfer property from parts of a burning building to a safe place. Аnother method of fuel removal is to allow the fire to burn until all fuel is consumed. These or similar actions may be of great value in reducing the potential losses, but they do not usually work against the fire. Smothering or cooling is more useful.
Examples of smothering include the use of sand to displace the air surrounding a fire. Such “blanket” is temporary because gases tend to be dissipated. Then some chemical extinguishing agents such as carbon tetrachloride, methyl bromide and chlorobromomethane are used when it is possible.
The method of extinguishment by oxygen dilution is the reduction of the oxygen concentration necessary for supporting fire. A reduction of oxygen proportion in the atmosphere from the normal 21% to less than 15% will extinguish most fires, but in some cases the percentage of oxygen must be reduced to 0. This can be accomplished by introducing an inert gas into the fire or by separating the oxygen from the fuel. But this method will not work on self-oxidized materials or on certain metals.
а) 1. Sand displaces the air ... ... . 2. The method of extinguishment by oxygen dilution is the reduction of the ... concentration. 3. One of the most common methods of extinguishment is ... ... ... . 4. In some cases, a fire is extinguished by ... the fuel sourse. 5. Reduction of oxygen proportion will not work on ... ... .
б) кислород; удалением; окружающий огонь; охлаждение водой; само-окисляющиеся материалы.
1.Solid and liquid fuels with high flash points can be extinguished ... . 2. When it is possible some ... are used. 3. In some cases ... must be reduced to 0. 4. Another method of fuel removal is to allow ... all fuel is consumed. 5. With flaming combustion the fire may be extinguished by ... . 6. Water cools the fuel to a point where it does not ... .
а) Participle 1
b) Participle П
и переведите данные словосочетания:
a) the (to extinguish) theory of fire; the (to smoulder) phase of combustion; the two most common (to extinguish) agents; from parts of a (to burn) building; to displace the air (to surround) a fire; (to reduce) temperature; when (to introduce) an inert gas.
b) the extinguishing theory of fire is (to base); stopping the (to uninhibit) chemical chain reaction; a fire is effectively (to extinguish); the reduction of the oxygen concentration can be (to accomplish).
1.Before extinguishing fire the fireman needs removing one of the fire ingredients. 2. One of the most common methods of extinguishment is cooling with water. 3. Smothering or cooling is more useful. 4. A reduction of oxygen proportion can be accomplished by introducing an inert gas into the fire or by separating the oxygen from the fuel. 5. Removing the fuel source is another method to extinguish the fire. 6. With flaming combustion there are four methods of stopping the fire. 7. The method of separating the oxygen from the fuel will not work on self-oxidized materials or on certain metals. 8. The oxygen is necessary for supporting fire.
In conclusion I’d like to say that …
It should be underlined that …
To my opinion … the problem (question) of … is of great interest.
We can come to the conclusion that …
1. What is the extinguishing theory of fire based on? 2. How may the fire be extinguished? 3.What is one of the most common methods of extinguishment?4.
What is one of the most common methods of extinguishment? 5. How can solid and liquid fuels with high flash points be extinguished? 6. Can low flash point liquids and flammable gases be extinguished by cooling with water? 7. How is removing the fuel source accomplished? 8. What does the process of smothering include? 9. Why is sand “blanket” temporary? 10. What chemical agents are used instead of sand? 11. What oxygen proportion in the atmosphere will extinguish most fires? 12. How can the percentage of oxygen be reduced to 0? 13. When doesn’t this method work?
14. Представьте, что вы излагаете суть теории тушения огня как мини-доклад на научной конференции. Используйте в качестве плана вопросы упр.13, вывод, сформулированный вами, и фразы, типичные для монологической речи.