Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
Ⱥɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɣɜɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɩɨɪɹɞɨɤɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
(ɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ., Ɋɟɞɶɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ.)
ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ OH[ VSRUWLYD ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɬ ©ad extraª ± ɜɨɜɧɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɜɫɺ ɛɨғɥɶɲɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɮɪɚɧɰ ± ©O¶2UGUH VSRUWLIª ɚɧɝɥ ± ©6SRUWV 2UGHUª ©6SRUWV /HJDO 2UGHUª ɢɬɚɥ ± ©2UGLQDPHQWL VSRUWLYLª ɢɫɩɚɧ ± ©2UGHQDPLHQWR GHSRUWLYRª ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɫɺ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ
Ƚ ȼ Ɇɚɥɶɰɟɜ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɸ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɸɪɚɥɢɡɦɚ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ©ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟɨɬɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɰɟɪɤɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɧɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɭ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɭ ɧɟɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɜɲɢɦ ³ɩɪɚɜɭ ɨɛɳɢɧ´ ³ɩɪɚɜɭ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ´ ɢ ɬ ɞ ª ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɟɧɟɡɢɫɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨȽ ȼ Ɇɚɥɶɰɟɜɭɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɛ ɨɛɪɚɡɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɨɛ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ©ɦɢɪɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤª ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ©ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚª ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ Ƚ ȼ Ɇɚɥɶɰɟɜ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɫɬɢ ɥɟɝɢɬɢɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɪɭ ɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɢɬɚɥ ± ©RUGLQDPHQWL JLXULGLFL VSRUWLYLª ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ Ɇɚɫɫɢɦɨ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ Ⱦɠɢɚɧɧɢɧɢ
ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɩɪɨɯɨɞɰɚɦɢ ɜ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɢɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɂɧɢɝɨ Ɇɚɪɚɧɢ Ɍɨɪɨ ɢ Ⱥɥɶɛɟɪɬɨ Ɇɚɪɚɧɢ Ɍɨɪɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɜɲɢɟ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɭ ©ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚª
Ɇɚɥɶɰɟɜ Ƚ.ȼ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɚɜɚ±Ɇɇɨɪɦɚ ±ɋ ± ±
Giannini M.S. 3ULPH |
RVVHUYD]LRQL |
VXJOL |
RUGLQDPHQWL |
JLXULGLFL |
VSRUWLYL |
>ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ@ 5LYLVWD GL GLULWWR VSRUWLYR ± |
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± ʋ ± |
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Marani Toro I., Marani Toro A. *OL 2UGLQDPHQWL |
VSRUWLYL >ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɢ@ ± |
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0LODQR *LXIIUq (GLWRUH ± S ± 3 HWF |
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Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɗɬɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ Ⱥɥɶɛɟɪɬɨ Ɇɚɫɫɟɪɚ Ɋɨɛɟɪɬɚ Ʌɨɦɛɚɪɞɢ ɋɚɥɶɜɚɬɨɪɟ Ɋɢɰɟɥɥɨ Ɏɪɚɧɤɨ Ƚɚɷɬɚɧɨ ɋɤɨɤɚ Ɇɚɪɢɨ ɋɩɚɡɢɚɧɨ
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɚ
ɂɡ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ Ɉ Ⱥ ɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɸ ©ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚª ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɚ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ©ɨɬɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɨɬɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɂɧɢɝɨɆɚɪɚɧɢɌɨɪɨɢȺɥɶɛɟɪɬɨɆɚɪɚɧɢɌɨɪɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ©ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚª ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ Ⱥ ɂ ɉɨɧɤɢɧɨɣ >Ⱥ ɂ Ɋɟɞɶɤɢɧɨɣ@ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɟɣ ɢ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɢɡ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɣ ª
Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ
Ɍɚɤ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɀ ɒɟɜɚɥɶɟ ©ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɬɨ ± ɚɧɫɚɦɛɥɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚª
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ Ⱦɢɦɢɬɪɢ ɉɚɩɚɧɢɤɨɥɚɭ ©ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɞɶɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
Massera A. 6SRUW H RUGLQDPHQWL JLXULGLFL WHQVLRQL H WHQGHQ]H QHO GLULWWR YLYHQWH LQ XQD SURVSHWWLYD PXOWLODWHUDOH >ɋɩɨɪɬ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɠɢɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɣ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ@ 'LULWWR SXEEOLFR ± JHQQDLR DSULOH ± ʋ ± 3 ±
Lombardi R., Rizzello S., Scoca F.G., Spasiano M.R. 2UGLQDPHQWRVSRUWLYRHFDOFLR SURIHVVLRQLVWLFR 7UD GLULWWR HG HFRQRPLD >ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɭɬɛɨɥ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ@ ± 0LODQR *LXIIUq (GLWRUH ± S
ɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɨ Ɉ.Ⱥ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɚɫɫɨɰ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ,$6/ ± Ɇ ± ɫ ± ɋ ±
Chevallier J. /¶2UGUH MXULGLTXH >ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ@ &85$33 /H GURLW HQ SURFqV ± 3DULV 3UHVVHV 8QLYHUVLWDLUHV GH )UDQFH ± 3
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɭɩɪɚɜɨɦɨɱɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɵ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣª
ɉɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ Ɏɪɚɧɫɭɚ Ⱥɥɚɮɢɥɢɩɩɚ ©ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɬɤɚɧɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ³ɨɛɪɚɦɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɟɺ ɪɚɦɤɨɣ´ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚª
ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɗɧɪɢɤɨ Ʌɭɛɪɚɧɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɤɚɤ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɧɚɞɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɢɬɟɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ
Ɏɚɛɢɚɧ ɋɢɦɦɚɧɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɤɜɚɡɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɢɦɩɥɢɰɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɜɚɡɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɨɥɱɚɥɢɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɭɸ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɭɸ ɫɟɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ
Papanikolaou D. / RUGUH MXULGLTXH VSRUWLI P\WKH RX UpDOLWp" &RQWULEXWLRQ j XQH YLVLRQ SOXUDOLVWH GX GURLW >ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɦɢɮ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ" ȼɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɬɟɨɪɢɸ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ@ 8QLYHUVLWH 0RQWHVTXLHX ± %RUGHDX[ ,9 (FROH GRFWRUDOH GH GURLW ± %RUGHDX[ ± S KWWS GSVI HX 8VHUV)LOHV DGPLQ GRFXPHQWV 3XEOLFDWLRQV 7KHVH SGI!
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Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɫɜɨɸ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɨ ɝɥɚɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɵɣ ɫɭɞ ɜ ɝ Ʌɨɡɚɧɧɚ ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɹ ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ɏɚɛɢɚɧɚ ɋɢɦɦɚɧɤɚ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
Ɏɪɷɧɤ Ʌɚɬɬɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ OH[ VSRUWLYD ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɟɣ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɡɚ ɪɚɦɤɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ
Ⱥɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɣ ɜɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ± ɷɬɨ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɣ ɨɬ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢɢɨɬɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯɦɟɠɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɪɢɝɢɞɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɢ ɪɟɡɢɥɶɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɤ ɢɯ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɞɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɱɚɥ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɱɚɥ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ Ɏɷɣɪ ɉɥɷɣ
Ⱥɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɣ ɜɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɢɲɟɬ ɗɧɪɢɤɨ Ʌɭɛɪɚɧɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɧɨ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
Simmank F. 6SRUWV JOREDO ODZ ± 5DFLQJ DJDLQVW WKH FORFN FRPSHWLQJ IRU D FRPSUHKHQVLYH XQGHUVWDQGLQJ ( 3~EOLFD ± 5HYLVWD (OHFWUyQLFD GH 'LUHLWR 3~EOLFR ± ± ʋ ± S ± 3 KWWS H SXEOLFD SW SGI DUWLJRV VSRUWV JOREDO ODZ SGI!
Latty F. /¶DUUrW OH OLYUH EODQF HW OH WUDLWp /D OH[ VSRUWLYD GDQV O¶RUGUH MXULGLTXH FRPPXQDXWDLUH GpYHORSSHPHQWV UpFHQWV 5HYXH GX 0DUFKp FRPPXQ HW GH O¶8QLRQ HXURSpHQQH ± MDQYLHU ± ± 3 ± ± 3
ɋɦɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɡɢɥɶɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ± ± ʋ ± ɋ ±
ɉɨɧɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɚɹ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ʉɨɦɢɫ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɚɜɭ Ⱥɫɫɨɰ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɇɚɰ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɊɎ ± Ɇ ± ɫ ± ɋ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɡɚ ɢɯ ɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ
ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ƚɚɣɥɨɪɚ Ɋɚɛɸғɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɹɫɜɨɛɨɞɭɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚɢɫɜɨɛɨɞɭ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɌɚɤɨɣɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɚɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢɢɜɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɬɚɤɨɝɨɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɢɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ
Ɇɚɫɫɢɦɨ ɋɟɜɟɪɨ Ⱦɠɢɚɧɧɢɧɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɦɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɇɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ
Ɇɚɧɭɷɥɶ Ƚɪɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹ ɭɜɚɠɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ
Ʉɚɤ ɩɢɲɟɬ ɗɧɪɢɤɨ Ʌɭɛɪɚɧɨ ©ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɛɚɪɶɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɦɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɢɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɡɚɳɢɳɺɧɧɭɸ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɂɧɢɝɨ Ɇɚɪɚɧɢ Ɍɨɪɨ ɢ Ⱥɥɶɛɟɪɬɨ Ɇɚɪɚɧɢ Ɍɨɪɨ ± ³ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ´ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɱɬɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɧɟ ɢɫɱɟɪɩɚɥɢ ɫɜɨɸ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶª
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