Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢª ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɤɚɤɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɇɚɨɦɢɊɢɧɶɸɬɰɍɪɫɨɢɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɟɺ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɂɬɚɤ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɦɤɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ Ɂɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɺɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȼ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ± ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɺɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ
ɂ ɇ Ȼɚɪɰɢɰ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɭɟɬ ©ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɤ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢª
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɭ ȼ ȼ ɋɭɯɚɧɨɜɚ ©ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɚª ɢ ©ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɪɢ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢª ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɡɚɞɚɺɬɫɹ ©ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɞɟɣɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜª
Ɋɚɥɶɮ ȼɚɣɥɞ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɤ ©ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɸɪɢɫɞɢɤɰɢɢª ± ɜ ɬɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɨɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚɦɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟ
Weber M.(FRQRP\ DQG 6RFLHW\$Q 2XWOLQH RI ,QWHUSUHWLYH 6RFLRORJ\ (G E\ * 5RWK & :LWWLFK ± %HUNHOH\ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI &DOLIRUQLD 3UHVV
Reniutz Ursoiu N. *RRG$GPLQLVWUDWLRQ4XR9DGLV/HJDOLW\RU(IILFLHQF\">ɏɨɪɨɲɟɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ 4XR 9DGLV Ɂɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ"@ 8SSVDOD )DFXOW\ RI /DZ :RUNLQJ 3DSHU ± ± ʋ ± S ± 3 ±
Ȼɚɪɰɢɰ ɂ.ɇ. ɉɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ± Ɇ ɂɡɞ ɜɨ Ɇɨɫɤ ɭɧ ɬɚ ± ɫ ± ɋ
ɋɭɯɚɧɨɜ ȼ.ȼ.ɉɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɵ Ⱦɢɫ ɤɚɧɞ ɸɪɢɞ ɧɚɭɤ ± Ɇ
Wilde R7KH ©/HJDO 6SDFHª RU ©(VSDFH -XULGLTXHª RI WKH(XURSHDQ &RQYHQWLRQ RQ +XPDQ 5LJKWV ,V ,W 5HOHYDQW WR ([WUDWHUULWRULDO 6WDWH$FWLRQ" (XURSHDQ +XPDQ 5LJKWV /DZ 5HYLHZ ± ± ʋ ± 3 ± ± 3 HWF
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɨ ɩɪɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ± ɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɤ ɜɢɞɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ
ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɂ ɇ Ȼɚɪɰɢɰ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɤ ©ɫɮɟɪɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɜɟɪɯɨɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢª ɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ © ɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɢɬɟɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɞ ɜɫɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɟɣ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɟɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶª
ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɋɟɞɚ Ʉɚɥɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ȼɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɵ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ
ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ȼɨɚɜɟɧɬɭɪɵ ɞɟ ɋɭɡɚ ɋɚɧɬɨɫ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ⱦɠɨɧɭ Ʌɢɧɞɫɟɸ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɪɚɦɨɤ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɞɚɺɬ ɢɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɷɬɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɥɨ ɢɯ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ
ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɒɚɪɥɨɬɬ ɀɢɪɚɪ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɦɟɧɟɟɠɺɫɬɤɢɦɱɟɦɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɢɥɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɉɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ
Ȼɚɪɰɢɰ ɂ.ɇ.Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ Ⱥɜɬɨɪɟɮ ɞɢɫ ɞɨɤɬ ɸɪɢɞɢɱ ɧɚɭɤ ɊȺȽɋ ± Ɇ
Kalem S. &RQWHVWHG PHDQLQJV ± LPDJLQHG SUDFWLFHV ODZ DW WKH LQWHUVHFWLRQ RI PHGLDWLRQ DQG OHJDO SURIHVVLRQ$VRFLR OHJDO VWXG\ RI WKH MXULGLFDO ILHOG LQ 7XUNH\ ±$QQ$UERU 3UR4XHVW //& ± S ± 3 ±
De Sousa-Santos B. 8QD FDUWRJUDItD VLPEyOLFD GH ODV UHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV VRFLDOHV 3UROHJyPHQRV D XQD FRQFHSFLyQ SRVPRGHUQD GHO GHUHFKR 1XHYD 6RFLHGDG ± ± ʋ ± 3 ±
Lindsay J. 'HVLJQLQJ OHJDO VSDFH ODZ DV DQ HQDEOLQJ WRRO LQ FRPPXQLW\ EDVHG PDQDJHPHQW 3OHQDU\ 3UHVHQWDWLRQ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &%150 :RUNVKRS :DVKLQJWRQ ' & 86$ ± 0D\ KWWS ZZZ FEQUP QHW SGI OLQGVD\B SGI! ± S ± 3
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɧɚɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢɤɨɝɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢɱɬɨɨɩɪɚɜɞɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɭɸ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɫɬɶ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɭɸ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɧɟɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɟɪɲɺɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɢ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɥɨɠɢɥɨɫɶ ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɸɬɫɹɩɨɦɟɪɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ ɢɭɫɥɨɠɧɹɸɬɫɹɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɢɲɟɬ Ɇɚɭɪɢɫɢɨ Ƚɚɪɫɢɹ ȼɢɣɟɯɚɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɯ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɹɡɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɨɛɪɹɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɥ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɬɢɩɚɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɟɝɢɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ©ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨª ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯ
ȼ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ± ɷɬɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɭɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
Girard C. 3URFqV pTXLWDEOH HW HQFKHYrWUHPHQW GHV HVSDFHV QRUPDWLIV 5pIOH[LRQV VXU OD SUREOpPDWLTXH JpQpUDOH >ɋɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɟ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɡɚɩɭɬɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ @ KWWS KDO SDULV DUFKLYHV RXYHUWHV IU GRFV 3') 3URFHVBHTXLWDEOHBHWBHQFKHYHWUHPHQWBGHVBHVSDFHVBQRUPDWL IVB B*LUDUGB&KDUORWWH SGI! ± S ± 3
Pérez Martínez M.A., Pardo Hernández F., del Consuelo Zurita Mezquita G. 5HJXODFLyQ MXUtGLFD GHO HVSHFWUR UDGLRHOpFWULFR HQ 0p[LFR $QiOLVLV GH OD GHURJDGD /H\ 7HOHYLVD KWWS ZZZ WIMID JRE P[ LQYHVWLJDFLRQHV SGI HVSHFWURUDGLRHOHFWULFR SGI! ± S ± 3
García-Villegas M&RPSDUDWLYH 6RFLRORJ\ RI /DZ /HJDO )LHOGV /HJDO 6FKRODUVKLSV DQG 6RFLDO 6FLHQFHV LQ (XURSH DQG WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV >ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɵ ɧɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɢ ɋɒȺ@ /DZ 6RFLDO ,QTXLU\ ± 6SULQJ ± 9RO ± ʋ ± 3 ± ± 3
García-Villegas M&RPSDUDWLYH 6RFLRORJ\ RI /DZ /HJDO )LHOGV /HJDO 6FKRODUVKLSV DQG 6RFLDO 6FLHQFHV LQ (XURSH DQG WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV >ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɵ ɧɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɜ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ ɢ ɋɒȺ@ /DZ 6RFLDO ,QTXLU\ ± 6SULQJ ± 9RO ± ʋ ± 3 ± ± 3
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨ ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɫɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɫ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚɦɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɸɪɢɫɞɢɤɰɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ
ȼ ɸɪɢɞɢɤɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɟ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɭ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɭ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɢ ɧɚɛɨɪɵ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ ɤɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɦɭ©ɨɛɪɚɡɭɦɟɫɬɚªɜɷɬɨɣɦɚɬɪɢɰɟɚɬɚɤɠɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɤɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɭɸ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɭ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɱɬɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ©ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬª ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭғɠɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ± ɧɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɲɢɪɟ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɟɫɨɜɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɯ ɜɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜ
ɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ. Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨɛ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ©ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨª ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɥɚɫɬɶ ± ± ʋ ± ɋ ±
ɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ. Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨɛ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ©ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨª ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɥɚɫɬɶ ± ± ʋ ± ɋ ±
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɯ ɜɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɷɤɫɬɪɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜ ɫɦ ɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ. Ⱥɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɣ ɜɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɢ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɵɯ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɪɭɸɳɢɯ Ɋɟɥɢɝɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ ± ± ʋ ± ɋ ±ɉɨɧɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ⱥɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ʉɨɦɢɫ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɚɜɭ Ⱥɫɫɨɰ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɇɚɰ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɊɎ ± Ɇ ± ɫɉɨɧɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɚɹ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ʉɨɦɢɫ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɚɜɭ Ⱥɫɫɨɰ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɇɚɰ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɊɎ ± Ɇ ± ɫɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ., ɉɨɧɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɋɟɪ ©ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɭɤɢª ± ± ʋ ± ɋ ±
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
(ɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ.)
ȼ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ
Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɬ ©ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚª ɢɬɚɥ ± 2UGLQDPHQWL VSRUWLYL ɢɫɩɚɧ ±
2UGHQDPLHQWR GHSRUWLYR ɛɵɥ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɂɧɢɝɨ Ɇɚɪɚɧɢ Ɍɨɪɨ ɢ Ⱥɥɶɛɟɪɬɨ ɆɚɪɚɧɢɌɨɪɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ©ɬɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɝɨɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª ɛɵɥ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ Ɇɚɪɤɭɫɚ Ɇɚɡɭɤɤɨ Ʉ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɚ
Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ ©ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤª
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɢɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ± ɷɬɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɝɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɩɪɟɡɸɦɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɥɢɛɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ >ɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɢ@ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ ɢɥɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɢ ɧɚɛɨɪɵ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨғɝɨ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɚ ɢɯ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɦɭ ©ɨɛɪɚɡɭ ɦɟɫɬɚª ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ
Marani Toro I., Marani Toro A. *OL 2UGLQDPHQWL VSRUWLYL >ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɢ@ ± 0LODQR$*LXIIUq ± S ± 3 HWF
Mazzucco M.F. /H[ VSRUWLYD 6SRUWV ODZ DV D WUDQVQDWLRQDO DXWRQRPRXV OHJDO RUGHU 7KHVLV >/H[ VSRUWLYD ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɤɚɤ ɬɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ Ⱦɢɫ ɞɨɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ@ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 9LFWRULD ± 9LFWRULD %ULWLVK &ROXPELD &DQDGD ± S ± 3
ɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ. Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ©ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤª Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ± ± ʋ ± ɋ ± ± ɋ