Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ȽɅȺȼȺ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɉɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
(ɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ., Ɋɟɞɶɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ.)
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɧɟɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɬɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɭɸ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɢɯ ɱɢɫɥɟ ± ɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɯ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɧɬɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɲɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ± ɨɞɧɢ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɪɚɡɪɟɲɢɦɵɯ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ©ɫɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɜ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɦª ɋɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɉɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ Ⱦɠɭɡɟɩɩɟ ɍɝɨ Ɋɟɫɱɢɧɶɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɥɢɲɶ ɬɪɢ ɦɨɞɭɫɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɤ ɫɩɨɪɬɭ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɞɭɲɢɟ ɨɩɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɇɨ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɺ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɜɥɢɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɩɨ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚɦ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜɨ ɜɫɹɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ± ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ©ɢɝɪɨɤɨɦª ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɬɶ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
Ȼɚɪɪɢ Ɇɚɤɮɟɪɫɨɧ Ⱦɠɟɣɦɫ Ʉɺɪɬɢɫ ɢ Ⱦɠɨɧ Ʌɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬ ɱɬɨ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɥɨ ɤɚɤ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɩɵɬ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɜ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɣ Ƚɪɟɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɜɲɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɤ ɜɨɣɧɟ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɞ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ Ɋɢɦɫɤɨɣ ɷɩɨɯɢ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɯ ɢ
Rescigno G.U.&RUVR GL GLULWWR SXEEOLFR >Ʉɭɪɫ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ@ ± %RORJQD =DQLFKHOOL ± 3
Kidd B7KH &DQDGLDQ VWDWH DQG VSRUW WKH GLOHPPD RI LQWHUYHQWLRQ >Ʉɚɧɚɞɫɤɨɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɞɢɥɟɦɦɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɟɧɰɢɢ@ 6SRUW LQ 6RFLHW\ &XOWXUHV &RPPHUFH 0HGLD 3ROLWLFV ± ± 9RO ± ʋ ± 3 ±
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɝɨ Ɋɢɦɚ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɚɜɹɳɢɟ ɷɥɢɬɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɥɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɦɚɫɫɚɦɢ ɏɨɬɹ ɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɢɲɟɬ Ȼɚɪɪɢ ɍɥɢɷɧ ɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɵɯɝɨɞɨɜɬɚɤɢɟɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɯ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ Ɍɚɤ ɝɞɟ ɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ" Ʉɚɤɨɜɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɢ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɜ" ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɹɯ ɦɚғɤɫɢɦɚ ©ɇɟ ɢɝɪɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɢɝɪɭ ɧɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚª ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟɦɋ Ⱦ Ⱦɨɜɥɚɬɨɜɚ©ɀɟɥɚɧɢɟɤɨɦɚɧɞɨɜɚɬɶɜɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɬɢɪɚɧɢɹª ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɭɫɬɨɹɜɲɭɸɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɤɭ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
Ɉɛɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɟɫɥɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ
ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɞɟɧɶɝɚɦɢ ɨɧɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɟ
ȼ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɨɜ
ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɫɞɟɪɠɤɢɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɢɠɟɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
± ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɟɸ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ
± ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɞɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɬɨ ɜɥɟɱɺɬ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɠɺɫɬɤɢɟ ɪɚɦɤɢ
McPherson B.D., Curtis J.E., Loy J.W. 7KH 6RFLDO 6LJQLILFDQFH RI 6SRUW$Q ,QWURGXFWLRQ WR WKH 6RFLRORJ\ RI 6SRUW >ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ@ ± &KDPSDLJQ ,OOLQRLV 86$+XPDQ .LQHWLFV %RRNV
Houlihan B. *RYHUQPHQW REMHFWLYHV DQG VSRUW >ɐɟɥɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬ@ +DQGERRN RQ WKH (FRQRPLFV RI 6SRUW (G E\ :$QGUHII DQG 6 6]\PDQVNL ± 1RUWKDPSWRQ 0$86$(GZDUG (OJDU ± [YLLL S ± 3 ± ± 3
ɐɢɬɩɨɄɨɠɟɜɧɢɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ɘ., Ʌɢɧɞɛɟɪɝ Ƚ.Ȼ. ɆɭɞɪɨɫɬɶɜɟɤɨɜɊɨɫɫɢɹ±ɋɉɛɇɟɜɚ ± ɫ ± ɋ
ɋɦɉɨɧɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ⱥɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ʉɨɦɢɫ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɚɜɭ Ⱥɫɫɨɰ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɇɚɰ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɊɎ ± Ɇ ± ɫ ɉɨɧɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɚɹ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ʉɨɦɢɫ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɚɜɭ Ⱥɫɫɨɰ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɇɚɰ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɊɎ ± Ɇ ± ɫ
ɋɦɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ., ɉɨɧɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɋɟɪ ©ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɭɤɢª ± ± ʋ ± ɋ ±
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
©ɩɪɨɤɪɭɫɬɨɜɨ ɥɨɠɟª ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɜɟɪɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɷɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ
± ɢɦɦɚɧɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɢɝɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɚɛɚɹ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɢ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɺɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɢɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɢɯ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɜɥɟɱɺɬ ɭɳɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɧɵɟ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ
± ɭɫɬɨɹɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ
± ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɢ ± ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɧɬɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ
ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɫɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ
ȼɨɩɪɨɫ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɂ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɫɺ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɣ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɋɦɋɵɪɵɯ ȼ.Ɇ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɨɪɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ± Ɇ Ƚɨɬɢɤɚ ɐɟɧɬɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ± ɫ Vayer P. /H SULQFLSH G DXWRQRPLH HW O¶pGXFDWLRQ >ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ@ ± 3DULV (6)
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
Ⱥɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
(Ɋɟɞɶɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ.)
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɦɢɪɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɥɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɨɥɢ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɍɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɢɯ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ
ȼ ɩɪɚɜɟ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɢɨɬɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ʉɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɨɫɶ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɯ ɜɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ Ɋɟɱɶ ɢɞɺɬ ɨɛ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚɯ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɛɢɨ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɜɨ ɜɫɹɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ± ɜ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɜ ɋɒȺ Ʉɚɧɚɞɟ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɢ ɇɨɜɨɣ Ɂɟɥɚɧɞɢɢ ɢ ɪɹɞɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɨɜ ȿɳɺ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɧɚɭɤɢ Ɉɛ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɶ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ± ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ Ɋɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɴɺɦɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɮɟɪ
Ɉɞɧɢɦɢɡɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɹɪɤɢɯɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɢɰɟɥɵɯɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɦɢɪ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ
ɋɦɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ., ɉɨɧɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ȼɢɨɷɬɢɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɭɤɚ ɢ ɤɚɤ OH[ ELRPHGLFD ɉɪɚɜɨ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ± ± ʋ ± ɋ ±
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɞɨɫɭɝ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɸ ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɵ
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Ɍɟɪɦɢɧ ©ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶª ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɫɩɨɪɬɭ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɺɧ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɜ Ɉɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɯɚɪɬɢɢ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɚɫɬɚɬɶɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɚɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɢɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɨɜ
Ɉɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɺɪɧɭɬɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɦ ɜ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɀɚɧɚ Ʌɭ ɒɚɩɥɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɤɚɤ ©ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɤ ɢɯ ɜɢɞɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɥɢɲɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ
ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶɫɜɨɢɯɥɢɞɟɪɨɜɛɟɡɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɬ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɛɟɡ ɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɫɜɨɢ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɹɦɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɫɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɷɬɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣª
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