Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɩɪɢɧɟɫɭɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɭɸ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɵɝɨɞɨɣ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ⱦɷɣɥɚ Ɇɸɪɪɟɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢɧɵɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɥɚɝɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ
ɋɮɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ± ɷɬɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɲɨɭ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɹɬɨɟɫɬɶɫɮɟɪɚɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɱɚɫɬɧɵɯɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ ɩɪɢɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɣ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɚ ɧɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ
ɋɮɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ± ɷɬɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɲɨɭ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɹ ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɜ ɱɢɫɬɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɷɬɚ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦɢ
ɂ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɥɸɛɵɦɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ
Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ Ⱦɷɣɥ Ɇɸɪɪɟɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɥɢɛɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɢɡ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɚ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɬɟɬɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɂ ɷɬɨɬ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɬɟɬ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧ ɟɫɥɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɲɚɝɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɜ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɱɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɭɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɩɪɢɜɢɥɟɝɢɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɭ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
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Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ɏɪɚɧɫɭɚ Ɋɨɲɛɥɭɚɧɚ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɩɪɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɨɞɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɨɞ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɚ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɚɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɧɚɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɩɥɚɬɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɣ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɺɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɥɭɛɨɜ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɨɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɬɶɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵɢɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢɢɧɵɦɢɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɥɭɛɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɨɣ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɋɒȺ ɢ Ʉɚɧɚɞɵ ɝɞɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɺ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɥɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɵɟ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɵ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɥɢɝɚɯ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɟ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɥɢɛɨ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ©ɩɪɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢª ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɵɝɨɞɵ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɟɡɞɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ
Rochebloine F. *RRG JRYHUQDQFH DQG HWKLFV LQ VSRUW >ɏɨɪɨɲɟɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɷɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ@ 5HSRUW ʋ 3$&( &RPPLWWHH RQ &XOWXUH 6FLHQFH (GXFDWLRQ DQG 0HGLD KWWS DVVHPEO\ FRH LQW QZ [PO ;5HI ;UHI ;0/ +70/ HQ DVS"ILOHLG ODQJ HQ! ± ± S ± 3
Murray D. 5HIOHFWLRQV RQ 3XEOLF )XQGLQJ IRU 3URIHVVLRQDO 6SRUWV )DFLOLWLHV >Ɋɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ@-RXUQDO RI WKH 3KLORVRSK\ RI 6SRUW ± ± ʋ ± 3 ± ± 3
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɇɟɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɫɹɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ± ɫɥɚɛɚɹ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɡɢɫɚ ɨ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ
ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɹɞɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɫɬɨɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɪɟɞɤɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɡɚɹɜɥɹɟɦɨɦɭ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɢ ɜɵɝɨɞɚɦ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɥɝɢ ɜ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚɯ
Ɉɩɵɬ ɋɒȺ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɹ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɨɬ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ
Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɢ ɤ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦ
Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɚɯ ɋɒȺ ɫ ɛɟɣɫɛɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɮɭɬɛɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɛɚɫɤɟɬɛɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɧɢɤɚɤ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɚɡɢɥɨɫɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɢɯɦɟɫɬɧɨɣɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟɛɨɥɟɟɬɨɝɨɱɢɫɬɨɟɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɫɩɨɪɬɚɜȼɚɲɢɧɝɬɨɧɟɨɤɪɭɝɄɨɥɭɦɛɢɹɢɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɚɯ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɥɟɬɜɵɪɚɡɢɥɨɫɶɜɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɢɭɪɨɜɧɹɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɞɨɯɨɞɚɧɚ ɞɭɲɭ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ
Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɪɟɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ©ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ ɦɨɧɟɬɵª ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
Ɋɢɫɤ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɥɭɛɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɣ
Ʉɚɤ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ Ɏɪɚɧɫɭɚ Ɋɨɲɛɥɭɚɧ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɷɬɢɤɢ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚ ɛɟɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɨɩɚɫɟɧɢɹɦɢ
Garofalo P., Waldron T.,I <RX %XLOG ,W 7KH\ 0LJKW 1RW &RPH 7KH 5LVN\ (FRQRPLFV RI 6SRUWV 6WDGLXPV KWWS ZZZ WKHDWODQWLF FRP EXVLQHVV DUFKLYH LI \RX EXLOG LW WKH\ PLJKW QRW FRPH WKH ULVN\ HFRQRPLFV RI VSRUWV VWDGLXPV !
Zaretsky A.M. 6KRXOG &LWLHV 3D\ IRU 6SRUWV )DFLOLWLHV" KWWSV ZZZ VWORXLVIHG RUJ SXEOL FDWLRQV UHJLRQDO HFRQRPLVW DSULO VKRXOG FLWLHV SD\ IRU VSRUWV IDFLOLWLHV!
Murray D. 5HIOHFWLRQV RQ 3XEOLF )XQGLQJ IRU 3URIHVVLRQDO 6SRUWV )DFLOLWLHV >Ɋɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ@ -RXUQDO RI WKH 3KLORVRSK\ RI 6SRUW ± ± ʋ ± 3 ± ± 3 KWWS ZZZ KXPDQNLQHWLFV FRP DFXFXVWRP VLWHQDPH 'RFXPHQWV 'RFXPHQW,WHP SGI!
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɨɛɪɨɫɨɜɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ⱥɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɚ ɧɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɧɟɞɨɛɪɨɫɨɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ
Ⱥɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɭ
ɉɨɧɹɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɢɞɟɚɥɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɡ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɧɟ ɨɛɨɣɬɢɫɶ
ȼ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɉɨɧɹɬɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɢ ɪɟɥɟɜɚɧɬɧɵɦ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɵɦ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ± ɜɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɹ ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɫɬɜɚ
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɟɥɟɜɚɧɬɧɵɟ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
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Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɵɝɨɞ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɹ ɩɨɞ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟ ɱɬɨ ɢɫɱɢɫɥɹɟɦɵ ɧɨ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɛɥɚɝɚ
Ʉ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɋɚɪɚ ɍɢɥɯɷɥɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
± ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɜɵɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɨɥɟɥɶɳɢɤ ɝɨɬɨɜ ɡɚɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɟɦɭ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɩɪɢɞɺɬɫɹ ɡɚɩɥɚɬɢɬɶ
± ɩɨɥɶɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɛɨɥɟɥɶɳɢɤɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɬɶ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ
± ɫɨɥɢɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɦɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɉɨ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɧɢɠɟɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
Ɉɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ
ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɦ
ɢ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɇɟɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ,, Ɋɟɡɨɥɸɰɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɋɨɜɟɬɚ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɨɬ ʋ ©ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯª ɩɨɞɱɺɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ
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ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɢɫɬɫɤɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɺɠɢ
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