Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɢ ɫ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɚɦɨɣ ©ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨ ɜɥɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɵª ± ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɟɺ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ
ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
± ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
± ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
± ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɳɺɧɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɵɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɬɚɣɧɵ ± ɨɪɞɢɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɟ ©ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟª ɩɚɤɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ
± ɟɞɢɧɨɪɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ
± ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɥɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
± ɩɨɥɧɨɨɛɴɺɦɧɵɟ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɟ
± ɦɚɫɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɚɤɫɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɨɱɟɱɧɵɟ ± ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɧɟɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɩɪɢɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨ ɜɥɚɫɬɧɵɯɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɧɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɦ
± ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɟɜɢɚɧɬɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɟɜ
± ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ± ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɢɥɵ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɚ ± ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ ± ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ± ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɨɪɦɭ ɨ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɱɺɬɚɯ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ Ⱦɭɦɨɣ Ɏɋ ɊɎ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɬɶ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɠɟ ɟɺ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɥɢ ɜ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ ɊɎ
± ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
± ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɤɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɤɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɞɟɤɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɐɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ⱥɧɧɟɥɢɡ ɇɟɥɶɫɨɧ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɧɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɱɺɬɤɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ
ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɚɤ ɛɨɤɫ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɞɨɩɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɨɛ ɚɡɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɢɝɪɚɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ
ɜɫɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɚɡɚɪɬɧɵɦɢ ɢɝɪɚɦɢ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɨɞɧɭ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɨɬ ʋ ɎɁ ɪɟɞ ɨɬ ©Ɉ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢª ©ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª ɫɬɚɬɶɹ
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɜɨɺ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɯ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
Nelson A. :KHQ ZKHUH DQG ZK\ GRHV WKH 6WDWH LQWHUYHQH LQ 6SRUW D FRQWHPSRUDU\ SHUVSHFWLYH >Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɝɞɟ ɢ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜɦɟɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɚ@ 6SRUWV /DZ H-RXUQDO ± ± S ± 3
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɨɬ ʋ ɎɁ ©Ɉ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢª ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ± ± ʋ ± ɋɬ ȼ ɪɟɞ ɨɬ ± ɋɉɋ ©Ƚɚɪɚɧɬª
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
Ɍɚɤ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɟɚɦɛɭɥɟɁɚɤɨɧɚ ɂɫɩɚɧɢɢ ɨɬ ʋ ɪɟɞ ɨɬ ©Ɉ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɂɫɩɚɧɢɢ ©ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɦɨɤ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚª ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɭ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɂɫɩɚɧɢɢ ©ɰɟɥɶɸ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɟɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚª
ɉɟɪɜɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ Ʉɚɧɚɞɵ ɨɬ
ɝɨɞɚ ɪɟɞ ɧɚ ©Ɉ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ©ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɜ Ʉɚɧɚɞɟª
Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɂɫɩɚɧɢɢ ɨɬ ʋ ɪɟɞ ɧɚ ©Ɉ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª >/H\ ʋ GH GH RFWXEUH GH GHO 'HSRUWH@ %ROHWtQ 2ILFLDO GHO (VWDGR ±± ʋ ÒOWLPD DFWXDOL]DFLyQ SXEOLFDGD HO ± KWWS ZZZ ERH HV DHERH FRQVXOWDV EDVHVBGDWRV DFW SKS"LG %2($!
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ Ʉɚɧɚɞɵ ɨɬ ɝɨɞɚ ɪɟɞ ɧɚ ©Ɉ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª >/RL VXU O DFWLYLWp SK\VLTXH HW OH VSRUW /& @ KWWS ZZZ FDQOLL RUJ IU FD OHJLV ORLV OF F GHUQLHUH OF F KWPO!
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ
(ɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ., Ɋɟɞɶɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ.)
Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɢɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɜɫɮɟɪɟɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ
Ʉ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɦɢɪɚ ɩɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ Ⱥ ȼ ɋɟɪɞɸɤɨɜɚ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɝɪɚɧɧɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɧɭɟɦɨɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ
ɑɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ± ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ"
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ
Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ Ⱥ ȼ ɋɟɪɞɸɤɨɜ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ©ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɟ ɋɪɟɞɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ³ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ´ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ³ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ´ ³ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ´ ³ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ´ ³ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ´ª Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɦɵ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɟ
ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ
± ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɭɸ
± ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
± ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ± ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ
ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɜ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɺɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɟɸ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ
± ɧɚɭɱɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
± ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɭ
ɂ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ
ɉɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ Ⱥ Ⱥ ɋɨɥɨɜɶɺɜɚ ©ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɧɟ ɜɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ³ɩɪɨɤɪɭɫɬɨɜɨ ɥɨɠɟ´ ɧɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɇɨ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɝɥɚɡɚ ɧɚ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɹɜɧɭɸ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɬɨ ɧɚ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ
ɋɟɪɞɸɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ȼ. ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ± Ɇ ɘɪɥɢɬɢɧɮɨɪɦ ± ɫ ± ɋ
ɋɟɪɞɸɤɨɜ Ⱥ.ȼ. ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ± Ɇ ɘɪɥɢɬɢɧɮɨɪɦ ± ɫ ± ɋ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɵɦ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɧɚɫɢɥɢɹ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ ɞɢɜɟɪɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɨɞɭ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɢɫɱɟɪɩɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɦɵɯ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɜ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɭɞɟɣ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣª
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɋ ȼ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚ ©ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ± ɷɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɶɩɪɚɜɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɨɛɨɣɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɭɸɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɩɢɧɝɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɪɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢɯ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɭɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɱɬɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ȼ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɥɚɤɨɧɢɱɧɭɸ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚª
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɋɨɥɨɜɶɺɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ Ʉɨɦɢɫ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɚɜɭ Ⱥɫɫɨɰ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ± Ɇ ± ɫ ± ɋ ±
Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜ ɋ.ȼ. ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɍɱ ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ ɉ ȼ Ʉɪɚɲɟɧɢɧɧɢɤɨɜɚ ɟ ɢɡɞ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛ ɢ ɞɨɩ ± Ɇ ɘɧɢɬɢ Ⱦɚɧɚ Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ ± ɫ ± ɋ ±