Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤ Ƚɥɚɜɟ
ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ" ɑɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɩɨɞ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ
ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ"
ȼ ɫɢɥɭ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ
ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ" Ɉɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɣɬɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ"
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
Ƚɥɚɜɚ ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɰɟɥɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɋɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɉɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
(ɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ., Ɋɟɞɶɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ.)
ȼ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɟɦ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨ ɢ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨ ɜɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɜɨɡɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɜ ɞɟɥɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɭ Ⱦ ɇ Ȼɚɯɪɚɯɚ Ȼ ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɘ ɇ ɋɬɚɪɢɥɨɜɚ ©ɬɟɨɪɢɹɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɜɢɞɵɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɢ ɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɗɬɚ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɧɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɉɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɟɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ Ɉɧɚ ɧɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɱɺɬɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵª
ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɟɳɺ ɢ ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɤ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɋ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɋɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɢɤɚɤ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ
Ȼɚɯɪɚɯ Ⱦ.ɇ., Ɋɨɫɫɢɧɫɤɢɣ Ȼ.ȼ., ɋɬɚɪɢɥɨɜ ɘ.ɇ.Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɍɱ ɟ ɢɡɞ ɢɡɦ ɢ ɞɨɩ ± Ɇ ɇɨɪɦɚ ± ɫ ± ɋ ±
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ©ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚª ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ Ɇɚɣɤɥɨɦ Ʉɨɥɥɢɧɡɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɤɚɤ ©ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɮɟɪ ɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɢ ɢɥɢɞɥɹɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹª
ɋɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɜɫɩɨɪɬɟɧɚɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɧɺɦ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɫɩɨɪɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹɜɥɚɫɬɹɦɢɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɨɮɢɰɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɜɨɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɞɨғɥɠɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɋɩɨɪɬ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɫɫ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɵ
ɉɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ Ɋɷɣɦɨɧɞɚ ɋɚɭɷɪɚ ɜ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɟɦ Ɋɢɦɟ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ
ɤɚɤ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɩɟɪɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɨɧ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɥ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɫɜɨɺ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɪɹɞ ɢɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɵ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɣɧ ȼ Ⱥɧɝɥɢɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦ ɩɨɞɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɬɪɟɥɶɛɨɣ ɢɡ ɥɭɤɚ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɢɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɧɚɪɨɞɭ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɗɞɭɚɪɞɨɦ ,9 ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɵ ɢɝɪɵ ɜ ɤɪɢɤɟɬ ɜ ɪɚɧɧɸɸ ɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɧɚ ɬɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɨɬɜɥɟɤɚɥ ɧɚɪɨɞ ɨɬ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɨɜɵɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɫɬɪɟɥɶɛɨɣ ɢɡ ɥɭɤɚ ɉɨ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɜ ɒɨɬɥɚɧɞɢɢ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɺɧ ɝɨɥɶɮ Ƚɟɧɪɢɯɨɦ 9,,, ɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɞɚɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɨɬɰɵ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɵɧɨɜɶɹɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɷɤɢɩɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɥɭɤɨɦ ɢ ɫɬɪɟɥɚɦɢ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɥɭɱɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɢ
Collins M. 6SRUWV 'HYHORSPHQW /RFDOO\ DQG 5HJLRQDOO\ >Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ@ ± 5HDGLQJ %HUNVKLUH 8. ,QVWLWXWH RI /HLVXUH $PHQLW\ 0DQDJHPHQW ± S ± 3
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɛɵɥ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɟɧ ɜ Ⱥɧɝɥɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɦɨɧɚɪɯɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɟɪɟɱɶ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɨɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢɬɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɚɥɢɥɢɫɶ ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɟ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɧɚɪɯɢɹ ɧɟ ɨɞɨɛɪɹɥɚ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɬɛɨɥɚ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɪɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɜ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɫɬɚɜ ɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨ ɝɨɞ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɫɹ ɡɚɩɪɟɬɭ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡ ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɢɤɬɚɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ;; ɜɟɤɚ Ɍɚɤ Ɇɭɫɫɨɥɢɧɢ ɜɢɞɟɥ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɤɚɤ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ©ɜɨɡɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹª ɂɬɚɥɢɢ ɜ ɠɺɫɬɤɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɫɚɦ Ɇɭɫɫɨɥɢɧɢ ɧɟ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜ ɮɭɬɛɨɥɟ ɤɚɤ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɦ ɨɧ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɥ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɭ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɪɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɥɢɝɭ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɨɧɨɜ ɜɥɨɠɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ ɤɚɤ ɧɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɧɨ ɨɬɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɧɚɣɦɚ ɢɝɪɨɤɨɜ ɢɡ ɡɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɢ ɭɛɟɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɋɆɂ ɨɫɜɟɳɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɟ
Ⱥɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɚɹ ɥɨɛɛɢɫɬɫɤɚɹ ɤɚɦɩɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɥɚ ɂɬɚɥɢɢ ɩɨɛɟɞɭ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ Ʉɭɛɤɚ ɦɢɪɚ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ ɂɬɚɥɶɹɧɫɤɚɹ ɫɛɨɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɝɪɨɤɚɦɢ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɦɚɥɵɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɨɜ ɢɡ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɭɛɨɜ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɝɪɨɤɨɜ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɫɟɪɶɺɡ ɢ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɨɧɢ ɨɬɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɨɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ Ɇɭɫɫɨɥɢɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹɞɥɹɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɥɭɱɲɢɟɢɝɪɨɤɢɜɧɟɫɥɢɜɤɥɚɞɜɢɦɢɞɠɩɪɚɜɹɳɟɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɢɝɪɚɹ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɸ ɫɬɪɚɧɭ ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ ɩɨ ɝɝ ɂɬɚɥɢɹ ɜɵɢɝɪɚɥɚ ɞɜɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɭɛɤɚ ɢ ɡɚɜɨɟɜɚɥɚ Ɉɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɨɟ ɡɨɥɨɬɨ Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɥɢɞɟɪɵ Ɇɭɫɫɨɥɢɧɢ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɥ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɟɝɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɢɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɨɣ ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ Ʉɚɤ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ Ɋɷɣɦɨɧɞ ɋɚɭɷɪ ɤɚɥɶɱɨ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɞɚɧ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɦɢɞɠ ɢ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɮɚɲɢɫɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɂɬɚɥɢɢɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɵȽɢɬɥɟɪɬɚɤɠɟɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɯɨɠɢɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɂɬɚɥɢɢ ɜ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹɤɚɤɜɚɠɧɵɣɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɵɜɌɪɟɬɶɟɝɨɊɟɣɯɚɞɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɨɛɵɟ ɧɚɞɟɠɞɵ ɜɨɡɥɚɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ Ɉɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɜ Ȼɟɪɥɢɧɟ ɜ ɝɨɞɭ
Sauer R.D. 6SRUW WKH 6WDWH DQG WKH 0DUNHW >ɋɩɨɪɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɪɵɧɨɤ@ 2FFDVLRQDO 3DSHU ± ± ʋ ± S ± 3 ± KWWS ZZZ IQI RUJ SK GRZQORDGDEOHV 6SRUW 6WDWH 0DUNHW SGI!
Sauer R.D. 6SRUW WKH 6WDWH DQG WKH 0DUNHW >ɋɩɨɪɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɪɵɧɨɤ@ 2FFDVLRQDO 3DSHU ± ± ʋ ± S ± 3 ± KWWS ZZZ IQI RUJ SK GRZQORDGDEOHV 6SRUW 6WDWH 0DUNHW SGI!
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
Ɉɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɝɨɞɚ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ Ƚɢɬɥɟɪ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɞɨɯɧɨɜɥɹɬɶ ɦɨɥɨɞɺɠɶ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ©ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚª Ɉɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɢɦ ɤɚɤ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɹɳɟɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ
ɇɚ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɩɚɝɚɧɞɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɦɢɪɚ ɚ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɜɲɢɟ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ
ɗɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɨ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ
ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ȼɢɤɬɨɪɚ ɑɚ ɫɩɨɪɬ ± ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɪɟɩɭɬɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɶ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣɫɬɚɬɭɫɫɬɪɚɧɵɢɟɺɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɧɚɦɢɪɨɜɨɣɚɪɟɧɟɢɫɬɚɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ©ɜɥɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɦɢª ɞɥɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɢɞɠɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɡɧɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɭɛɚ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɦɢɞɠɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ
ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣɤɚɤɈɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɢɟɢɝɪɵɢɥɢɑɟɦɩɢɨɧɚɬɦɢɪɚɩɨ ɮɭɬɛɨɥɭ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɹɞɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ©ɦɹɝɤɨɣ ɫɢɥɵª ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɰɟɥɹɯ ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ Ⱥɭɧ Ʉɨ Ɇɢɧ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɜ Ɇɶɹɧɦɟ ɂɝɪɵ ɘɝɨ
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