Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣɜɫɮɟɪɟɫɩɨɪɬɚɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹɜɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɟɚɦɛɭɥɟɎɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ Ʉɚɧɚɞɵ ɨɬ ɝɨɞɚ ɪɟɞ ɧɚ ©Ɉ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª ©ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɺɬ ɱɬɨ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɤɚɧɚɞɰɟɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ ɛɥɚɝɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɩɥɨɱɺɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɠɢɡɧɢª
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɟɚɦɛɭɥɟ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɂɫɩɚɧɢɢ ɨɬ ʋ ɪɟɞ ɨɬ ©Ɉ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª ©ɫɩɨɪɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɧɚɲɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɬɚɥ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ ɋɩɨɪɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɚɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɫɩɨɪɬɨɦɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɢ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɨɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɥɢɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ȼɫɺ ɷɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɩɨɪɬɤɚɤɜɚɠɧɵɣɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɠɢɡɧɢɜɰɟɥɨɦɢɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟª
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɬɶɺɣ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ Ʉɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɨɬ ɝɨɞɚ ©Ɉ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª ©ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɱɬɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬ
ɉɨɧɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɚɹ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ʉɨɦɢɫ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɚɜɭ Ⱥɫɫɨɰ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɇɚɰ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɊɎ ± Ɇ ± ɫ ± ɋ
Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ Ʉɚɧɚɞɵ ɨɬ ɝɨɞɚ ɪɟɞ ɧɚ ©Ɉ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª >/RL VXU O DFWLYLWp SK\VLTXH HW OH VSRUW /& @ KWWS ZZZ FDQOLL RUJ IU FD OHJLV ORLV OF F GHUQLHUH OF F KWPO!
Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɂɫɩɚɧɢɢ ɨɬ ʋ ɪɟɞ ɧɚ ©Ɉ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª >/H\ ʋ GH GH RFWXEUH GH GHO 'HSRUWH@ %ROHWtQ 2ILFLDO GHO (VWDGR ±± ʋ ÒOWLPD DFWXDOL]DFLyQ SXEOLFDGD HO ± KWWS ZZZ ERH HV DHERH FRQVXOWDV EDVHVBGDWRV DFW SKS"LG %2($!
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɟ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸª
ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɞɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɚ ɢ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ
ɀɚɧ Ɏɪɚɧɫɭɚ ɇɢɫ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ± ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɩɨɞɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɵ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɨɪɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɧɨ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɥɭɛɨɜ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɣ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜɡɹɜɲɟɟ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɞɟɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ Ɉɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ
ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɪɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɪɚɞ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɦ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ± ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɢɞɹɱɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɩɚɝɭɛɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɢɜɛɨɪɶɛɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɢɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɡɚɩɪɟɳɺɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɩɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ
ɐɢɬ ɩɨɋɨɥɨɜɶɺɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ Ʉɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ©Ɉ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª ɋɩɨɪɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ± ± ʋ ± ɋ ±
Ɋɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ ʋ ɪ ©Ɉɛ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɞɨ ɝɨɞɚª ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ± ± ʋ ± ɋɬ
Nys J.-F. &HQWUDO JRYHUQPHQW DQG VSRUW +DQGERRN RQ WKH (FRQRPLFV RI 6SRUW (G E\ :$QGUHII DQG 6 6]\PDQVNL ± 1RUWKDPSWRQ 0$86$(GZDUG (OJDU ± [YLLL S ± 3 ±
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɢɦɢɞɠ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɜ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɧɵɯ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɢɯɢɩɚɪɚɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɢɯɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɵɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɜ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ
ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɟ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ
ɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɚɝ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɵɯ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ
ɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɪɪɭɩɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɺɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɩɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɦɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜɫɺ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦ ɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ
ɋɦȺɪɢɫɬɨɜ ȿ.ȼ. ɉɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɉɟɪɦɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫ
ɧɚɰ ɢɫɫɥ ɭɧ ɬ ± Ɇ ɘɧɢɬɢ Ⱦɚɧɚ Ɂɚɤɨɧ |
ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨ |
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± ɫ |
Khomchenko E.O. 6LJQLILFDQFH RI VSRUW DW WKH :HOIDUH 6WDWH >Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ |
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ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟ@ H /H[ 6SRUWLYD -RXUQDO ± ± |
9RO , ± |
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Ⱥɪɢɫɬɨɜ ȿ.ȼ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɉɪɚɜɨ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ± ± ʋ ± & ± Ⱥɪɢɫɬɨɜ ȿ.ȼ. ɋɩɨɪɬ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɉɪɚɜɨ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ± ± ʋ ± & ± Aristov E.V. 6SRUWV LQ WKH :HOIDUH 6WDWH >ɋɩɨɪɬ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟ@ H /H[ 6SRUWLYD-RXUQDO ± ± 9RO ,,, ± ʋ ± ± 3 ± Aristov E.V. 7KH :HOIDUH 6WDWH DQG 6SRUW >ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬ@ 6SRUWV /DZ 5HYLHZ 3DQGHNWLV ± ± 9RO ± ʋ ± ± 3 ±
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɂ ɷɬɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɜɨ ɜɫɺɦ ɦɢɪɟ
ɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɵ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ
ɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɵ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɺɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɩɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɢɦɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɺɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɩɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɞɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɲɟɧɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɩɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɺɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɟɝɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɰ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚɦɢ
ɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɵ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣɧɚɨɫɨɛɨɠɟɫɬɨɤɢɟɜɢɞɵɢɮɨɪɦɵɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɺɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɪɢɫɤɚɦɢ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ ɢ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɋɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ⱥɧɧɟɥɢɡ ɇɟɥɶɫɨɧ ɟɫɥɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɬɨ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɛɨɪɫɬɜɚ ɬɟ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɟɞɢɧɤɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɭɞɚɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɢɤɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɸɳɟɟ ɭɛɢɣɫɬɜɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɞɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɨ ɛɨɤɫɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɨɛɨɪɫɬɜɚɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɛɨɤɫɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ
Nelson A. :KHQ ZKHUH DQG ZK\ GRHV WKH 6WDWH LQWHUYHQH LQ 6SRUW D FRQWHPSRUDU\ SHUVSHFWLYH >Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɝɞɟ ɢ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜɦɟɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɚ@ 6SRUWV /DZ H-RXUQDO ± ± S ± 3
ɋɦɋɨɥɨɜɶɺɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. ɉɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɨɛɨɪɫɬɜ ɨɩɵɬ ɋɒȺ ɢ Ʉɚɧɚɞɵ Ʉɨɦɢɫ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɚɜɭ Ⱥɫɫɨɰ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɇɚɰ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɊɎ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɤɢɤɛɨɤɫɢɧɝɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ± Ɇ ± ɫ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɐɟɥɶɸ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɛɨɤɫɨɦ ɧɚɞ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɟɞɢɧɨɛɨɪɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɡɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɥɢɰ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɵ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ± ɜ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣɤɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜ
ɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɫɺ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɺɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɨɦ ɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ ɭɠɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɣ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɜ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɦ ɚ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚɯ
ɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɟɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ɏɷɣɪ ɉɥɷɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɬɨɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɥɨɬɟɪɟɣ ɚɡɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɢɝɪ
ɂɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
Nelson A. :KHQ ZKHUH DQG ZK\ GRHV WKH 6WDWH LQWHUYHQH LQ 6SRUW D FRQWHPSRUDU\ SHUVSHFWLYH >Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɝɞɟ ɢ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜɦɟɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɚ@ 6SRUWV /DZ H-RXUQDO ± ± S ± 3
ɋɦ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɨ Ɉ.Ⱥ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪ ɚɫɫɨɰ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɚɜɚ ,$6/ Ʉɨɦɢɫ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɚɜɭ Ⱥɫɫɨɰ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ± Ɇ ± ɫ ɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɨ Ɉ.Ⱥ. Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ± Ɇ ɉɪɨɫɩɟɤɬ ± ɫ