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10. Summarizing a point:

Let me briefly summarize the main issues. / I’d like to summarize what I’ve said so far.

11. Moving to the next point:

This brings us to the next question. / Let’s now move on … / Let’s now Сtake a look at …

12. Going back:

As I said … / As I mentioned earlier … / Let me come back to what I said before …

13. Adding ideas:

In addition to this, … / Moreover, there are other interesting facts we should take a look at.

17)___.

As a technology, automation can be 18)___ to almost any human 19)___, from manufacturing to 20)___ and administrative tasks.

The fundamental 21)___ of any automated 22)___ are a 23)___ source, a feedback 24)___ mechanism, and a 25)___ command structure.

The 26)___ automation is also used to describe 27)___ systems in which automatic 28)___ can operate 29)___ of human control. Such devic-

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es as automatic 30)___, automatic telephone 31)___ and automated control 32)___ are used to 33)___ various 34)___ much 35)___ and 36)___ than could be done by 37)___.

How many mistakes have you done? What are they?

Сthe questions of your groupmates.

Lesson 5

 Refresh the words in Ex. I (Lesson 4) and get ready to have a dictation. Share your PowerPoint presentations and be ready to answer

I. Listen and repeat. Using the dictionary, write in the [træn'skripSn] of the words into the table below. The first word is already done for

II. Find the words in the text “Automation. PartИII” and translate the word combinations having them. The first word combination is already done for you:

motorize – these specialized machines were motorized… Эти специаль-

ные машины были моторизованы…

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III. Work in pairs. Think of 2 or 3 sentences using the words from Ex. I and Participle I, Participle II. Exchange the sentences and make the correction if necessary. Study the prompts in italics.

С* Now find sentences with Participle I, Participle II in the text “Automation.иPart II” and translate them.

IV. Read the text paying attention to the underlined phrases or sentences. Why are they marked?

бAUTOMATION. Part II

Automated manufacturingАhad several steps in its development. Mechanization was the first step necessary in the development of automation. The simplification of work made it possible to design and build machines that resembled the motions of the worker. These specialized machines were motorized and they had better production efficiency.

Industrial robots, originally designedДonly to perform simple tasks in environments dangerous to human workers, are now widely used to transfer, manipulate, and position both light and heavy workpieces performing all the functions of a transfer machine.

In the 1920s the automobile industry for theИfirst time used an integrated system of production. This method of production was adopted by most car manufacturers and became known as Detroit automation.

The feedback principle is used in all automatic-control mechanisms when machines have ability to correct themselves. The feedback principle has been used for centuries. An outstanding early example is the flyball governor, invented in 1788 by James Watt to control the speed of the steam engine. The common household thermostat is another example of a feedback device.

Using feedback devices, machines can start, stop, speed up, slow down, count, inspect, test, compare, and measure. These operations are commonly applied to a wide variety of production operations.

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Computers have greatly facilitated the use of feedback in manufacturing processes. Computers gave rise to the development of numerically controlled machines. The motions of these machines are controlled by punched paper or magnetic tapes. In numerically controlled machining centres machine tools can perform several different machining operations.

СMore recently, the introduction of microprocessors and computers have made possible the development of computer-aided design and computer-

aided manufacture (CAD and CAM) technologies. When using these systems a designer draws a part and indicates its dimensions with the help of a mouse, light pen, or other input device. After the drawing has been completed the computer automatically gives the instructions that direct a machining centre to machine the part.

и operation ofбthe whole factory.

Another development using automation is the flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). A computer in FMS can be used to monitor and control the

Automation has also had an influence on the areas of the economy other than manufacturing. Small computers are used in systems called word processors, which are rapidly becoming a standard part of the modern office. They are used to editАtexts, to type letters and so on.

Many industries are highly automated or use automation technology in some part of their operation. In communications and especially in the telephone industry dialing and transmission are all done automatically. Railways are also controlled by automatic signaling devices, which have sensors that detect carriages passing a particular point. In this way the movement and location of trains can be monitored.

The automation technology in manufacturing and assembly is widely used in car and other consumer product industries.

Nevertheless, each industry has its own concept of automation that answers its particular production needs.

V. Give the English equivalents to the following word combinations using the text “Automation. Part II”.

1)автоматизированное производство;

2)выполнять простые задачи;

3)как легкие, так и тяжелые детали;

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4) интегрированная система производства;

5) принцип обратной связи;

6) механизм может разгоняться и тормозить;

8. The … depends on each industry own concept of automation and its particular …

Д VII. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questionsИwithout looking back at the text. The sentences from Ex. VI can help you.

1.How is the term automation defined in the text?

2.What is the most «familiar example» of automation given in the text?

3.What was the first step in the development of automaton?

4.What were the first robots originally designed for?

5.What was the first industry to adopt the new integrated system of production?

6.When was an integrated system of production used for the first time?

7.What is known as Detroit automation?

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