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automation are machining transfer lines found in the automobile industry, automatic assembly machines and certain chemical processes.

2. Programmable automation is a form of automation for producing products in large quantities, ranging from several dozen to several thousand units at a time. For each new product the production equipment must be reprogrammed and changed over. This reprogramming and changeover

take a period of non-productive time. Production rates in programmable automation are generally lower than in fixed automation, because the

Сple of programmable automation. The program is coded in computer memory for each different product style and the machine-tool is controlled by the computer programme.

equipment is designed to facilitate product changeover rather than for product specialization. A numerical-control machine-tool is a good exam-

tionиtime, which is expensive. In flexible automation the number of products is limited so that the changeover of the equipment can be done very

3. Flexible automation is a kind of programmable automation. Pro-

grammable automation requires time to re-program and change over the

production equipment for each series of new product. This is lost produc-

quickly and automatically. The reprogramming of the equipment in flexible automation is done at a computer terminal without using the production

VII. Fill in the table fixing the differences among various types of automation. Discuss the tables with your partner.

Programmable

Flexible

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VIII. Watch video #3 (9:01) as many times as you need to get ready to

*Discuss your answers with your partner. According to your right answers, decide who the winner is.

HOME TASK 6

A.Memorize the words from Ex. I and be ready to do a dictation.

B.Using Lessons 1 – 5, make a crossword puzzle (10 words). Then let your groupmates do it.

C.Make a PowerPoint presentation (10 slides) about one type of automation in manufacturing. You need to find some more facts your-

self in the Internet. Remember to discuss the assessment criteria (4 – 5) beforehand. И

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TEST YOURSELF

Manufacturing is one of the most important 1) ___ area for automation technology. There are several types of automation in 2) ___. The examples of automated systems used in manufacturing are described below.

1. Fixed automation, sometimes called «3) ___ automation» refers to Сautomated machines in which the equipment configuration allows 4) ___

sequence of processing operations. These machines are programmed by their design to make only 5) ___ processing operations. They are not easily changed over from one product style to another. This form of automation needs 6) initial investments and high production rates. That is why it is suitable for products that are made in 7) ___ volumes. Examples of fixed automation are machining transfer lines found in the automobile industry, automatic assembly machines and certain chemical processes.

equipment itself. Flexible automation allows a mixture of different products to be produced one right after another.

How many mistakes have you done? What are they?

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Lesson 7

 Refresh the words in Ex. I (Lesson 6) and get ready to have a dic-

tation. Do the crosswords of your groupmates. Share your PowerPoint presentations and be ready to answer the questions of your groupmates.

II. Find the words in the text andДtranslate the word combinations with these words.

III. Work in pairs. Think of 2 or 3 questions using the words from Ex. I. Answer the questions of your partner. Study the prompts in italics.

What has been done by labour leaders?(Present Perfect, Passive)

Why have workers lost their jobs?(Present Perfect, Active)

* Find the verbs in the Present Perfect Tense in the text “Automation and Society” and translate them.

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IV. Choose one word from the box and try to create a cinquain. Follow the rules:

1st line: 1 word which is the title of the poem, a noun;

2nd line: 2 words which are adjectives that describe the title;

3d line: 3 words that tell the reader more about the subject of the poem or Сshows action (they are verbs or often gerunds);

4th line: 4 words that show emotions about the subject of the poem and may be individual words or a phrase;

5th line: 1 word that is a synonym of the title or is very similar to it.

иCar

бExpensive, Vintage

automation workers robot machine society system

Example:

Parking, Speeding Up, Pulling Up The child of progress

Comfort

V. Read the informationАabout interrelations between automation and society and think over the questions below and share your ideas.

1. Is automation a blessing or a curse for the society?

2. What are the effects of automationДon workforce in your country?

AUTOMATION AND SOCIETY

Over the years, the social merits of automation have been argued by labour leaders, business executives, governmentИofficials, and college pro-

fessors. The biggest controversy has focused on how automation affects employment. There are other important aspects of automation, including its effect on productivity, economic competition, education, and quality of life.

Nearly all industrial installations of automation, and in particular robotics, involve a replacement of human labour by an automated system. Therefore, one of the direct effects of automation in factory operations is the dislocation of human labour from the workplace. The long-term effects of automation on employment and unemployment rates are debatable. Most studies in this area have been controversial and inconclusive. Workers have indeed lost jobs through automation, but population increases and

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