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tion.

I. Listen and repeat. Using the dictionary, write in the [træn'skripSn]

of the words into the table below. The first word is already done for you.

Refresh the words in Ex. I (Lesson 7) and

Lesson 8

Nearly all industrial 7) ___ of automation, and in particular 8) ___, involve a replacement of 9) ___ labour by an 10) ___ system. Therefore, one of the direct 11) ___ of automation in factory operations is the 12) ___

of human labour from the workplace. The long-term effects of automation on 13) ___ and 14) ___ rates are debatable. Most studies in this area have Сbeen 15) and inconclusive. Workers have indeed 16) ___ jobs through automation, but population increases and 17) ___ demand for the products of automation have compensated for these losses. Labour unions have argued, and many companies have 18) ___ the policy, that workers displaced by automation should be 19) ___ for other positions, perhaps increasing theirи20) levels in the process. This argument succeeds so long as the company and the economy in general are 21) ___ at a rate fast enough to

create new 22) as the jobs replaced by automation are lost. Automation affects not only the 23) ___ of workers in factories but

also the 24)бof work that is done. The automated factory is oriented toward the use of 25) systems and 26) ___ programmable machines rather than 27) labour. Greater emphasis is placed on knowledge-based work and 28) skill rather than physical work. The types of jobs found in modern factories includeАmore machine maintenance, improved 29) ___

and process optimization, systems analysis, and computer programming and operation. Consequently, workers in automated facilities must be technologically 30) ___ to perform these jobs. Professional and semiprofessional positions, as well as traditionalДlabour jobs, are affected by this 31)

___ in emphasis toward factory automation.

How many mistakes have you done? What are they?

What was new for you? Try to draw some picturesИto the text to systematize the information on the automation advances. Discuss the result with your partner.

get ready to have a dicta-

	1	flexible	['fleksəbl]	гибкий
	2	manufacturing	………………	производство
	3	define	………………	давать определение
	4	deal	………………	иметь дело
	5	flow	………………	поток
	6	cell	………………	элемент; ячейка; клетка
	7	handling	………………	обработка
	8	storage	………………	сохранение, хранение
	9	input	………………	входные данные
	10	output	………………	продукция; выпуск изделий
	11	auxiliary	………………	вспомогательный; дополни-
С				тельный
				тельный
12		tool	………………	инструмент
13		fixture	………………	приспособление, прибор
14		clamping	………………	крепление, фиксация
	и15 unit ………………			часть, элемент; отдел, отделе-
				ние; секция; модуль
16		numerically	………………	с числовым программным
		controlled		управлением
17		conveyanceб………………		перевозка, транспортировка
18		vehicle	………………	транспортное средство; те-
				лежка
19		link	………………	соединение, связь
20		hardware	………………	оборудование, аппаратура, ап-
			А
				паратное обеспечение, «желе-
				зо»
21		software	………………	программное обеспечение
				(ПО), компьютерные програм-
			Дмы, софт
II. Find the words in the text and translate the word combinations
with these words.

III. Work in pairs. Study the prompts in italicsИ. Make up 4 sentences using the words from Ex. I and the Infinitive constructions.

Manufacturing is considered to be a system which integrates different processes.

They consider the FMS to be the future of the automated factory.

* Find sentences with the Infinitive constructions in the text below and translate them.

IV. Study the picture (pic. 12) and try to describe it. What units are depicted? What processes are presented?

Си бPic. 12

V. Look at the picturesА(pic. 13 – 14), read the information about a

Flexible Manufacturing System and find the components mentioned. Discuss the results with your partner and make corrections if

necessary. Д И

Pic. 13

Си бPic. 14

FLEXIBLEАMANUFACTURING SYSTEM

(FMS)

ing with high level distributed data Дprocessing and automated material flow using computer-controlled machines, cells, industrial robots, inspection machines and so on, together with computer integrated materials handling and storage systems.

A Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is the current level of automation in the field of manufacturing. The application of FMS requires

advanced technical know-how.

A Flexible Manufacturing System may be defined as a system deal-

Here manufacturing is considered to be a system which integrates different processes and requires a properly defined input to create the expected output.

Input may be raw material and/or data which have to be processed using various auxiliary components of the system, such as tools, fixtures and clamping devices, sensors and their feedback data. The output may also be data and/or material which can be processed on further units (often called cells) of the manufacturing system.

An FMS can also be defined as a computer-controlled configuration of semi-independent work stations and a material handling system designed to efficiently manufacture more than one kind of part number at low to medium volumes. The definition highlights the three essential physical

components of an FMS:

СThe number of machines in a system typically ranges from 2 to 20 or more. The conveyance system may consist of carousels, conveyors, carts,

a) standard numerically controlled machine (NCM) tools;

b) a conveyance network to move parts and perhaps tools between

machines and fixturing stations;

c) an overall control system that coordinates the machine tools, the

parts and the workpieces.

иThe FMS can be thought of as a distributed management information system linkingбtogether intelligent subsystems of machining, welding, painting, flame cutting, sheet metal manufacturing, inspection, assembly, etc. and material handling and storage processes.

robots, automated guided vehicles (AGV), etc.

Flexible manufacturing systems are regarded by many experts as being the best way to meetАthe demands of industry. They consider the FMS to be the future of the automated factory, or at least the minimally manned factory. And perhaps most significant that FMS is clearly the most obvious manifestation of computer-integrated manufacturing on the factory floor.

So it is possible to say that the FMS is of interest to manufacturers who produce more than one kind of part number at low to medium volumes. The FMSs provide a direct hardware/software solution to many economical and technical problems. The important aspect of these systems is

that the machine tools, conveyance and control devices combine to achieve
increased productivity and maximum machine utilization without decreas-
ing flexibility.	Д
VI. Match the words with their definitions:
1) numerically controlled	a) a portable robot that follows markers or
machine	wires in the floor, or uses vision, magnets,
		И
	or lasers for navigation
2) automated guided vehi-	b) a machine capable of carrying out a
cles	complex series of actions automatically
3) conveyor system	c) activities, equipment, and procedures
	related to the moving, storing, protecting
	and controlling of materials

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