Дипломная (вкр): Семантика фразеологических единиц школьной тематики

№

ФЕ

Дефиниция

1

To tell tales out of school

To talk maliciously about a person’s private affairs behind his back.

2

A hard school

A strict training.

3

A man of the old school

Someone whose education and point of view is based on traditional principles and loyalties.

4

A different school of thought

A different body of opinion.

5

Top/bottom of the class

To excel/to do badly in a particular field or subject.

6

In a class of one’s own

To be incomparably better than one’s companions in a particular subject or skill.

7

An object lesson

A model of how smth should/should not be done.

8

To teach someone a lesson

To punish or make someone feel sorry.

9

A straight answer

A clear, simple and unambiguous answer.

10

To know all the answers

To be an expert To take a smug satisfaction in one’s knowledge and cleverness.

11

To answer back

To answer insolently when corrected or rebuked.

12

To read between the lines

To draw conclusions about the writer’s feelings from the manner and tone of the work and not from his actual words.

13

To read smth into smth

To put words into a work to suggest a meaning that was not intended by the author.

14

To write smth off

To acknowledge that smth no longer has any value.

15

To do one’s sums

To make one’s calculations or estimate.

16

To get one’s sums right

To make a correct calculation or estimate.

17

To reckon without one’s host

To make one’s plans or calculations without taking other people’s views into account, to ignore possible opposition.

18

To take someone’s measure

To judge someone’s character and abilities, his strengths and weaknesses.

19

To stand up and be counted

To declare one’s principles openly, whatever the cost to one’s career or reputation.

20

Count me out

I do not agree with you and do not wish to be accounted among your supporters.

21

To draw the line

To set a limit to one’s tolerance.

22

To draw a parallel

To point to similarities between two (historic) events or phenomena.

23

To go off at a tangent

To introduce an irrelevant subject in the course of a discussion.

24

To go round in circles

To think for a long time about a problem without getting any nearer to a solution.

25

To come full circle

To return to one’s starting point.

26

A vicious circle

A chain of events in which the cause of the difficulty/disorder produces an effect which intensifies the cause.

27

To square the circle

To try to do the impossible.

28

Fair and square

With the utmost frankness.

29

A square deal

Fair treatment.

30

To square accounts

To revenge oneself on someone.

31

To square an account

To pay a bill.

32

All square

A golfing phrase, meaning that the score is even.

33

On the square

Honest, straightforward, dependable.

34

To make history

To do smth important, for which one will be remembered.

35

To go down in history

To be sufficiently important to be remembered or recorded.

36

Ancient history

Smth that is already familiar to everyone, nothing new.

37

To put a place on the map

To bring a place to the attention of the public, to make a place well-known.

38

To keep a low profile

To avoid attracting attention, to be inconspicuous.

39

No oil painting

Not at all good-looking.

40

To wipe the slate clean

To give someone another chance and overlook past offences.

41

To blot one’s copybook

To make a serious mistake, that damages one’s record.

42

To give someone full marks for

To give someone credit for a faultless achievement.

43

A sneaking sympathy

A sympathy for someone or something that one is reluctant to admit.

44

To egg someone on

To encourage someone to do wrong, as for example by breaking rules.

45

A hard and fast rule

A rule that is strictly enforced and cannot be changed or varied in any circumstances.

46

To rule with a rod of iron

To use the utmost severity in maintaining order.

47

To kiss the rod

To accept punishment meekly and submissively.

48

To haul over the coals

To rebuke severely.

49

To be whacked

To be exhausted.

A fair whack

A fair share.

51

A whacking/thumping/whopping lie

A huge, obvious lie.

52

A whipping-boy

Someone who is made responsible for the mistakes and faults of another.

53

A new boy

Someone who is new to a position of employment or a place of work.

54

The old boy network

An association of ex-public school boys.

55

A school of hard knocks

A way of learning valuable lessons in life through practical experience and not through the books.

56

To make the grade

If we want to make the grade, then we want to meet high expectations or become acceptable. By making the grade we are satisfying requirements and making ourselves, our actions, or output adequate.

57

An eager beaver

If he or she is very passionate about his or her work. He or she works very hard and for long hours. He or she is also very enthusiastic about working.

58

To learn the ropes

To learn how to do a job.

59

To live and learn

When you hear or discover something which is surprising

60

To teach an old dog new tricks

The older you are the more set in your ways you become.

61

To teach your grandmother to suck eggs

To give advice to someone about a subject that they already know more about than you

62

To pass with flying colours

To pass with a very high grade.

63

To pull an all nighter

To study throughout the night.

64

A for effort

To recognize that someone tries hard to do something even though they may not be successful

65

To count noses

To count the number of people

66

To flunk out

To fail a course or fail out of school

67

To play hooky

Not go to school when you should

68

A university of life

To learn from daily life and work rather than going to university

69

To blind someone with science

If they blind someone with science, they tell you about smth in a complex or technical way so that have difficulty in understanding it.

Часть речи

ФЕ школьной тематики

1. Именные ФЕ

A hard school A man of the old school A different school of thought An object lesson A straight answer A vicious circle A square deal Ancient history A sneaking sympathy A hard and fast rule A fair whack A whacking/thumping/whopping lie A whipping-boy A new boy The old boy network A school of hard knocks An eager beaver A university of life

2. Глагольные ФЕ

To tell tales out of school To teach someone a lesson To know all the answers To answer back To read between the lines To read smth into smth To write smth off To do one’s sums To get one’s sums right To reckon without one’s host To take someone’s measure To stand up and be counted Count me out To draw the line To draw a parallel To go off at a tangent To go round in circles To come full circle To square the circle To square accounts To square an account To make history To go down in history To put a place on the map To keep a low profile To wipe the slate clean To blot one’s copybook To give someone full marks for To egg someone on To rule with a rod of iron To kiss the rod To haul over the coals To be whacked To make the grade To learn the ropes To live and learn To teach an old dog new tricks To teach your grandmother to suck eggs To pass with flying colours To pull an all nighter To count noses To flunk out To play hooky To blind someone with science

3. Адъективные ФЕ

Top/bottom of the class No oil painting

4. Адвербиальные ФЕ

In a class of one’s own Fair and square All square On the square A for effort

№

Группа ФЕ

Дефиниция

Семантические компоненты, тип синонимов

1.

A hard school

A strict training.

Интегрирующий компонент: strictness Дифференцирующий компонент: school, rule Идеографические синонимы с одинаковой образностью

A hard and fast rule

A rule that is strictly enforced and cannot be changed or varied in any circumstances.

2.

Top/bottom of the class

To excel/to do badly in a particular field or subject

Интегрирующий компонент: excellence Дифференцирующий компонент: marks, impossibility, success Идеографические синонимы с одинаковой образностью

In a class of one’s own

To be incomparably better than one’s companions in a particular subject or skill

To square the circle

To try to do the impossible

To make the grade

If we want to make the grade, then we want to meet high expectations or become acceptable. By making the grade we are satisfying requirements and making ourselves, our actions, or output adequate

3.

To teach someone a lesson

To punish or make someone feel sorry.

Интегрирующий компонент: punishment Дифференцирующий компонент: corporal punishment, an acceptance of a punishment, strict control Идеографические синонимы с различной образностью

To rule with a rod of iron

To use the utmost severity in maintaining order.

To kiss the rod

To accept punishment meekly and submissively

To haul over the coals

To rebuke severely.

4.

Fair and square

With the utmost frankness.

Интегрирующий компонент: honesty Дифференцирующий компонент: deal, frankness, score, share Идеографические синонимы с одинаковой образностью

A square deal

Fair treatment.

All square

A golfing phrase, meaning that the score is even.

On the square

Honest, straightforward, dependable.

A fair whack

A fair share.

5.

A straight answer

A clear, simple and unambiguous answer.

Интегрирующий компонент: knowledge Дифференцирующий компонент: education, quickness Стилистико-идеографические синонимы

To know all the answers (AmE)

To be an expert To take a smug satisfaction in one’s knowledge and cleverness.

To learn the ropes (AmE)

To learn how to do a job.

To blind someone with science

If they blind someone with science, they tell you about smth in a complex or technical way so that have difficulty in understanding it.

6.

To answer back

To answer insolently when corrected or rebuked.

Интегрирующий компонент: rudeness Дифференцирующий компонент: answer, inconsistence Идеографические синонимы с различной образностью

To go off at a tangent

To introduce an irrelevant subject in the course of a discussion.

7.

To reckon without one’s host (нейтральная ФЕ)

To make one’s plans or calculations without taking other people’s views into account, to ignore possible opposition.

Стилистические синонимы

To blot one’s copybook (разг.)

To make a serious mistake, that damages one’s record.

8.

To go round in circles (BrE)

To think for a long time about a problem without getting any nearer to a solution.

Интегрирующий компонент: circle Дифференцирующий компонент: solution, beginning, chain of events Стилистико-идеографические синонимы

To come full circle

To return to one’s starting point.

A vicious circle

A chain of events in which the cause of the difficulty/disorder produces an effect which intensifies the cause.

9.

To make history

To do smth important, for which one will be remembered.

Интегрирующий компонент: history Дифференцирующий компонент: creation, remember, events Идеографические синонимы с одинаковой образностью

To go down in history

To be sufficiently important to be remembered or recorded.

10.

To give someone full marks for

To give someone credit for a faultless achievement.

Интегрирующий компонент: effort Дифференцирующий компонент: hard work, marks Стилистико-идеографические синонимы

An eager beaver (разг.)

If he or she is very passionate about his or her work. He or she works very hard and for long hours. He or she is also very enthusiastic about working.

A for effort

To recognize that someone tries hard to do something even though they may not be successful

11.

A school of hard knocks

A way of learning valuable lessons in life through practical experience and not through the books.

Интегрирующий компонент: experience Дифференцирующий компонент: life, school, university Идеографические синонимы с одинаковой образностью

To live and learn

When you hear or discover something which is surprising

A university of life

To learn from daily life and work rather than going to university

12.

To teach an old dog new tricks

The older you are the more set in your ways you become.

Интегрирующий компонент: training Дифференцирующий компонент: in vain, uselessness Идеографические синонимы с различной образностью

To teach your grandmother to suck eggs

To give advice to someone about a subject that they already know more about than you