Материал: Методические указания по английскому языку для студентов 2-го курса, обучающихся по специальности Пожарная безопасность. Нестерова О.Ф

1. Произнесите следующие слова, согласно правилам чтения, обращая внимание на выделенные буквы:

[∫] – extinguisher, short, should, pressure, special, protection, combustion.

[w] – wheeled, when, what, where.

[t∫] – reach, discharge, chain.

[kw] – require, liquefied, equipped.

2. Придумайте наибольшее количество простых предложений, соблюдая данный порядок слов:

Образец: Water extinguisher – to protect – freezing.

• All water extinguishers must be protected against freezing.

• Are water extinguishers protected against freezing?

• Water extinguishers are protected against freezing, aren’t they?

1. Backpack extinguisher – to be – useful – fire.

2. Water – to discharge – compressed air.

3. Aspirating nozzle – to provide – better quality – foam.

4. Foam – to have – good – to penetrate – property – class A fire.

5. Discharge time – to depend – size – unit.

6. Foam extinguisher – to be – similar – water extinguisher.

3. Найдите в тексте словосочетания, в которых используются следующие слова, и переведите их на русский язык:

For, up, of, as, about, by, from, with.

4. Переведите данные ниже слова, обращая внимание на суффикс –al, который указывает, что это:

а) прилагательные;

minimal, special, industrial, chemical, electrical, maximal, documental, normal, structural.

б) и прилагательные, и существительные;

individual, periodical, potential, oval, capital, international.

в) существительные;

metal, hospital, canal, arrival.

5. Измените предложения по образцу, используя модель подлежащее + сказуемое + Infinitive:

Образец: When we use foam extinguishers we minimize the damage of property. – Foam extinguishers are used to minimize the damage of property.

1. When we add nitrogen we give the Halon added pressure. 2. The scientists have developed specialized techniques and firemen control and extinguish metal fires. 3. We apply a special aspirating nozzle and provide a better quality of foam. 4. Pump tank water extinguishers may be equipped with a double-action pump, a continuous stream of water is delivered then. 5. We should take care with dry chemical extinguishers because one should avoid mixing ordinary agents with multipurpose ones.

6. Выразите удивление или неуверенность относительно следующих высказываний, преобразовав их в общие или разделительные вопросы. Используйте слова, приведенные ниже:

Образец: Nitrogen should be used as the pressurizing gas. (carbon) – Should carbon be used as the pressurizing gas? Or: Carbon should be used as the pressurizing gas, shouldn’t it?

1. The discharge of the extinguishing agent may be affected by draft and wind. 2. The discharge should be applied to the burned surface even after the flames are extinguished. 3. Contact with the skin can result in frostbite. 4. Care should be taken around open electrical contacts. 5. It may be better to use Halon or carbon dioxide. 6. Some recommendations should be taken into consideration for extinguishing fires in various combustible metals.

1.rain; 2.before; 3.burn; 4.burning surfaces; 5.nitrogen; 6.gases.

7. Переведите на русский язык следующие фразы, обращая внимание на инфинитив:

- is used to give the sufficient (достаточный) strength;

- care should be taken to avoid danger;

- to control fires special technique is developed;

- recommendations are considered to extinguish fires;

- halon agents are used to interrupt the chain reaction;

- a special nozzle is applied to provide a better quality of foam;

8. Отработайте произношение новых для вас слов и запомните их:

added['xdId],adj - дополнительный

affect [q'fekt],v – действовать, влиять

avoid [q'vOId],v - избегать

care [kFq], n - осторожность

contaminating[kqn'txmIneItIN], загрязнение

draft [drRft],n - тяга

frostbite['frOstbQIt],n - обморожение

hose [hquz],n – пожарный рукав

liquefied['lIkwIfQId],adj переходящий в жидкое состояние

manufacturer [mxnju'fxkCqrq], n

производитель

range [reInG],n – дальность,

досягаемость

technique [tek'nJk],n - техника

vice versa['vQIsI'vWsq] - наоборот

9. Внимательно прочитайте и переведите текст. Обратите внимание на произношение указанных химических элементов:

TEXT: TYPES OF PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS (2)

Sodium chloride ['squdIqm'klLrQId] – хлорид натрия

Nitrogen ['nQItrqGqn] - азот

Halon extinguishers are designed for Class B and Class C fires. Hand-carried extinguishers are available in sizes from 1 kg to 10 kg . Larger halon extinguishers are available on wheeled units up to 68 kg. These extinguishers have a stream reach of about 2.5 to 5.5 m. The total discharge time is 8 to 18 seconds. Halon extinguishers do not require special freeze protection. Halon is stored in the extinguisher as a liquefied compressed gas. Nitrogen is added to give the Halon added pressure when discharged. Halon agents extinguish fires by interrupting the chain reaction of the combustion process. They have a limited range, and the discharge of the extinguishing agent may be affected by draft and wind. The discharge should be applied to the burned surface even after the flames are extinguished.

Carbon dioxide extinguishers are effective in extinguishing Class B and Class C fires. Hand-carried units are available in sizes from 1 kg to 9 kg. Because their discharge is in the form of a gas, they have a limited reach of only 1 m to 2.5 m. Their total discharge time ranges from 8 to 30 seconds, depending on the size of the extinguisher. They do not require any special freeze protection. Carbon dioxide is stored as a liquefied compressed gas. Contact with the skin can result in frostbite. Carbon dioxide wheeled units are similar to the hand-carried units, but they are considerably larger – from 23 kg to 45 kg. Their stream reach is 2.5 m to 6m. The discharge time is usually no more than 30 seconds. Wheeled units are most commonly found in industrial facilities. They have a short hose, less than 4.5 m.

Dry chemical extinguishers are the most common portable fire extinguishers in use today. There are two basic types of them: ordinary and multipurpose. They are available in sizes from 1.5 kg to 11 kg and wheeled units range in size from 34 kg to 160 kg. Their stream reach is 2 m to 6 m and one of wheeled units up to 14 m. Because they are dry chemicals, no freeze protection is required. Care should be taken to avoid mixing or contaminating ordinary agents with multipurpose agents and vice versa. These extinguishers use nitrogen as the pressurizing gas. When used on electrical fires, care should be taken around open electrical contacts. It may be better to use other agents, such as Halon or carbon dioxide. Wheeled units are usually equipped with hoses from 15 m to 30 m in length. The extinguishing agent is kept in one tank and the pressurizing gas is stored in a separate cylinder.

To control and extinguish metal fires specialized techniques and extinguishing agents have been developed. The agent used in most of these extinguishers is sodium chloride. The manufacturer’s recommendations should be taken into consideration for use and special techniques for extinguishing fires in various combustible metals.

10. Дайте английские эквиваленты слов и словосочетаний, приведенных ниже (б), и заполните пропуски в предложениях (а):

а) 1. Halon extinguishers have a … of about 2.5 to 5.5 m. 2. Nitrogen gives the added … . 3. Carbon dioxide extinguishers are … in extinguishing Class B and Class C fires. 4. The total discharge time depends on the … of the extinguisher. 5. There are two basic types of dry chemical extinguishers: ordinary and … . 6. The pressurizing gas is stored in a … .

б) давление; размер; отдельный цилиндр; радиус действия; эффективные; многоцелевые.

11. Употребите в предложениях вместо герундия инфинитив в функции обстоятельства цели:

1. Pump tank water extinguishers are applied for extinguishing Class A fires only.

2. These extinguishers may be equipped with a double-action pump for delivering a continuous stream of water. 3. A special aspirating nozzle is for providing a better quality of foam. 4. An antifreeze solution is used in all water extinguishers for protecting them against freezing. 5. Specialized techniques and extinguishing agents are designed for controlling metal fires. 6.Nitrogen is added for giving the Halon added pressure.

12. Спросите собеседника по-английски о следующем и выслушайте его ответы:

1. Какой радиус действия имеют галогенные огнетушители? 2. Требуют ли галогенные огнетушители специальной защиты от замерзания? 3. Что добавляется для придания галогену дополнительного давления? 4. От чего зависит время разрядки углекислотного огнетушителя? 5. В чем различие между передвижными и переносимыми вручную огнетушителями? 6. В каких случаях следует быть осторожным при работе с огнетушителями? 7. Какое вещество используется в огнетушителях для металлов?

13. Заполните таблицу, используя информацию, содержащуюся в текстах уроков 6 и 7:

Types of Portable Fire Extinguishers