Sir Lawrence Bragg and J. F. Nye
The main effect of increasing the pressure is to increase the rate of irieue of the bubbles. As an example, a thiok-walled jet of 49ft bore with a pressure of 1 0 0 cm. produced bubbles of 1*2 mm. in diameter. A thin-walled jet of 27p, diameter and a pressure of 180 cm. produoed bubbles of 0*6 mm. diameter. It is convenient to refer to bubbles of 2*0 to 1 *0 mm. diameter as ‘large* bubbles, those from 0*8 to 0*6mm. diameter as ‘medium* bubbles, and thoee from 0*3 to 0*1mm. diameter as ‘small* bubbles, since their behaviour varies with their size.
F IGURE 3. Apparatus for producing bubbles'of small size.
With this apparatus we have not found it possible to reduoe the sue o f t&e jet and so produoe bubbles ofsmaller diameter than 0*6 mm. As it was desired to experi ment with very small bubbles, we had recourse to placing the soap solution in a rotating vessel and introducing a fine jet as nearly as possible parallel to a stream line.: The bubbles are swept away as they form, and under steady conditions are reasonably uniform. They issue at a rate of one thousand or more per second,,giving a high-pitched note. The soap solution mounts up in a steep wall around the peri meter of the vessel while it is rotating, but carries book most of the bubbles with it when rotation ceases. W ith this device, illustrated in figure 3, bubbles down to 0*12 mm. in diameter can be obtained. As an. example, an. orifioe 38/t across in a thin-walled jet, with a pressure of 190 cm. of water, and a Speed of the fluid o f 180 cm./sec. past the orifice, produoed bubbles of 0*14mm. diameter. In this case a dish of diameter 9*5cm. and speed of 6 rev./sec. was used. Figure 4, plate 8, is an enlarged picture of these ‘small* bubbles and shows their degree of regularity; the pattern is not as perfect with a rotating as with a stationary vessel, the rows being seen to be slightly irregular when viewed in a glancing direction.
These two-dimensional crystals show structures which have been supposed to exist in metals, and simulate effects which have been' observed, such as grain boundaries, dislocations and other types offault, slip, recrystallization, annealing, and strains due to ‘foreign’ atoms.
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