Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ Ⱥɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ Ɇɚɞɪɢɞª ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ Ⱦɟɤɪɟɬɚ Ⱥɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ Ɇɚɞɪɢɞ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɱɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɛɠɚɥɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ⱥɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ Ɇɚɞɪɢɞ
ɂɬɚɥɢɹ
ȼɂɬɚɥɢɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɢɧɬɟɪɟɫȼɵɫɲɢɣɫɭɞɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ$OWD &RUWH GL *LXVWL]LD 6SRUWLYD ɢ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɵɣ ɬɪɢɛɭɧɚɥ 7ULEXQDOH QD]LRQDOH GL DUELWUDWR SHU OR VSRUW H GLVFLSOLQD GHJOL DUELWUL Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɧɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɂɬɚɥɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɵ ɜ Ⱦɟɤɪɟɬɟ Ɂɚɤɨɧɟ ɂɬɚɥɢɢ ɨɬ
ʋ ɪɟɞ ɨɬ ©ȼɚɠɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢª ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɭ ©K ELVª ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
Ⱦɟɤɪɟɬɚ ɂɬɚɥɢɢ ɨɬ ʋ ©Ɉ ɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ ɂɬɚɥɢɢ ± &21,ª ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɨɜɟɬ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ ɂɬɚɥɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɢ ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɛɟɫɩɪɢɫɬɪɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɵɯ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɶɟɄɨɞɟɤɫɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɂɬɚɥɢɢ ɨɬ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɤ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟɫɭɞɶɢɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟɫɭɞɶɢɢɚɩɟɥɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɭɞɵ ɢ ɬɪɢɛɭɧɚɥɵ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ Ʉɨɥɥɟɝɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɥ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɢɧɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ
'HFUHWR ʋ FRPSHWHQFLDV \ IXQFLRQDPLHQWR GH OD &RPLVLyQ -XUtGLFD GHO GHSRUWH GH OD &RPXQLGDG GH 0DGULG KWWS ZZZ PDGULG RUJ ZOHJ VHUYOHW 6HUYLGRU"RSFLRQ 9HU+WPO QPQRUPD FGHVWDGR 3!
'HFUHWR /HJJH DJRVWR ʋ ©'LVSRVL]LRQL XUJHQWL LQ PDWHULD GL JLXVWL]LD VSRUWLYHª *D]]HWWD 8IILFLDOH ± ± ʋ KWWS ZZZ QRUPDWWLYD LW XUL UHV 1 /V"XUQ QLU VWDWR OHJJH !
'HFUHWR /HJLVODWLYR ©5LRUGLQR GHO &RPLWDWR ROLPSLFR QD]LRQDOH LWDOLDQR ± &21,ª GHO /XJOLR ʋ *D]]HWWD 8IILFLDOH ± ± ʋ KWWS ZZZ JD]]HWWDXIILFLDOH LW HOL LG * VJ! KWWS ZZZ FRQL LW LW FRQL OHJJL H VWDWXWR WHVWR FRRUGLQDWR FRQ LO G OJV Q KWPO!
&RGLFH GHOOD *LXVWL]LD 6SRUWLYD KWWS ZZZ FRQL LW LW GRFXPHQWL FDWHJRU\ UHJRODPHQWL H FLUFRODUL KWPO"GRZQORDG FRGLFH GHOOD JLXVWL]LD VSRUWLYD!
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɥɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ȼɵɫɲɢɣ ɫɭɞ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ
Ʉɚɧɚɞɚ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɭ ©Sª ɫɬɚɬɶɢ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ Ʉɚɧɚɞɵ ɨɬ ɪɟɞ ɨɬ ©Ɉ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɥɢɰɟ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɟɬ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ
ȼ Ʉɚɧɚɞɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ Ʉɚɧɚɞɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ 6SRUW 'LVSXWH 5HVROXWLRQ &HQWUH RI &DQDGD ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɵɥ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɺɧ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɦ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ Ʉɚɧɚɞɵ ɢ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɬɚɬɶɹɦɢ ± ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ
Ʉɚɧɚɞɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɦ ȿɺ ȼɟɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɟɣ Ʉɨɪɨɧɵ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɎɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ Ʉɚɧɚɞɵ ©Ɉ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɭɞɚɯª ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɜɟɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɭ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ± ɫɬɚɬɶɢ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ Ʉɚɧɚɞɵ ©Ɉ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɬɶɺɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ Ʉɚɧɚɞɵ ©Ɉ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ʉɚɧɚɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɩɨ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɞ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɟ ɫɩɨɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ
ɈɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɰɟɥɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɄɚɧɚɞɫɤɨɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɚɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ
± ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ ɤɚɧɚɞɫɤɨɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
1XRYR &RGLFH GL *LXVWL]LD VSRUWLYD LVWLWXLWR LO &ROOHJLR GL *DUDQ]LD KWWS ZZZ DOWDOH[ FRP GRFXPHQWV QHZV QXRYR FRGLFH GL JLXVWL]LD VSRUWLYD LVWLWXLWR LO FROOHJLR GL JDUDQ]LD!
3K\VLFDO $FWLYLW\ DQG 6SRUW $FW KWWS ODZV ORLV MXVWLFH JF FD HQJ DFWV S LQGH[ KWPO!
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
± ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɚɪɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɨɬɱɺɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ
± ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ
± ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɞɨɪɨɝɨɝɨ ɦɚɥɨɡɚɬɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ
Ʉɢɬɚɣ ɋɬɚɬɶɹɁɚɤɨɧɚ Ʉɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɇɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ ɨɬ
©Ɉ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɩɨɪɵ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɸɪɢɫɞɢɤɰɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɜɟɬɨɦ ɄɇɊ
ȼɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɬ ɨɦɟɪɚɯɩɨɛɨɪɶɛɟɫ ɞɨɩɢɧɝɨɦɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚ ɜ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɢɫɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ
Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɩɨɞɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɞ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɧɨ ɢ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɄɇɊ ɨɬ ©Ɉɛ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɟª
Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɚ ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɶɟɈɛɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɨɬ ɪɟɞ ɨɬ
©Ɉ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɩɨ ɚɩɟɥɥɹɰɢɹɦ ɢ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɭ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ &RPLVLyQ GH $SHODFLyQ \ $UELWUDMH GHO 'HSRUWH ± &$$' ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɋɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɢɚɬɚ ɩɨ ɞɟɥɚɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ 6HFUHWDUtD GH (GXFDFLyQ 3~EOLFD ± 6(3
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Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɐɟɥɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɩɨ ɚɩɟɥɥɹɰɢɹɦ ɢ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɭ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ± ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɚɩɟɥɥɹɰɢɣ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɦɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɭɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚɦɢ ɬɪɟɧɟɪɚɦɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɉɪɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɦ ɢ ɜɵɧɨɫɢɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ Ɉɛɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɢ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɩɨ ɚɩɟɥɥɹɰɢɹɦ ɢ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɭ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɚɩɟɥɥɹɰɢɣ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɥɢɛɨ ɜɧɟɫɺɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɟɫɬɪ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɛɠɚɥɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɛɟɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɡɚɹɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɦ ɚɤɬɨɦ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɢɡ ɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɩɨ ɚɩɟɥɥɹɰɢɹɦ ɢ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɭ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɢ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ Ɉɛɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɢ
ɋɬɚɬɶɹ Ɉɛɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɢ ©Ɉ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɚɩɟɥɥɹɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɜɵɲɟɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɠɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɸ ɩɨ ɚɩɟɥɥɹɰɢɹɦ ɢ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɭ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɢ
ɉɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɢɹ ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ©ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɹªɁɚɤɨɧɚ ɉɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɢɢ ɨɬ
ʋ ɪɟɞ ɨɬ ©Ɉɛ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɯ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚª ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɪɵ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɢɡ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɝ ɩɪɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢɦɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ
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Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɇɟ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɨɛɠɚɥɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɢɝɪɵ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɧɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɫɢɥɢɹ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɩɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɫ ɤɨɪɪɭɩɰɢɟɣ ɪɚɫɢɡɦɨɦ ɢ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɢɡɦɨɦ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ
Ʉɚɤ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɉɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɢɢ ɨɬʋ ɪɟɞ ɨɬ ©Ɉɛ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɯ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚª ɫɩɨɪɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ
Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ
ȼɨ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɟɞɢɧɵɣ ɬɪɟɬɟɣɫɤɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚɞɟɥɺɧ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɢ
Ʉɚɤ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ 5 ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɚ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɩɪɢɦɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɜɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɞɚɧɧɵɦɨɪɝɚɧɨɦɫɩɨɪɨɜɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯɜɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɚ
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