Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨ ɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ;;, ɜɟɤɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɹɜɧɚɹ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɫɱɟɪɩɵɜɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɦɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɪɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɵɯ ɥɶɝɨɬ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ ɫ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɥɢɛɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɚɤɬɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɟɥ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɬ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɩɵɬɚғ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ
ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɟɧɰɢɨɧɢɫɬɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɭ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɟɤɬɨɪ ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɨɣ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ Ʉɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ± ɧɟ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɟ ɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɟ ɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɢ ɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɯ ȿɫɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹɱɟɪɬɵɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɱɚɫɬɟɣɧɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ ɱɥɟɧɚɯ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ ɬɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɜɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣɫɬɟɩɟɧɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɵɫɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ©ɡɨɧɬɢɱɧɵɯ
Petry K., Steinbach D., Tokarski W6SRUW V\VWHPV LQ WKH FRXQWULHV RI WKH (XURSHDQ 8QLRQ VLPLODULWLHV DQG GLIIHUHQFHV >ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ@ (XURSHDQ -RXUQDO IRU 6SRUW DQG 6RFLHW\ ± ± 9RO ± ʋ ± 3 ± ± 3 ± KWWS ZZZ HMVV FK 3') 'DWHLHQ HMVV B9RO B,VVXH B3HWU\ HW DOB6SRUW V\VWHPV LQ WKH FRXQWULH V RI WKH (XURSHDQ 8QLRQ VLPLODULWLHV DQG GLIIHUHQFHV SGI!
ɋɦɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ., ɋɨɥɨɜɶɺɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ., Ƚɪɟɛɧɟɜ Ɋ.Ⱦ. Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɞɪɭɠɛɵ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ ɋɟɪ ©ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɭɤɢª ± ± ʋ ± ɋ ±
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣª ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɥɭɛɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
Ɉɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɧɢɠɟɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɞɟɥɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɢɧɜɚɡɢɜɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɟɧɰɢɨɧɢɫɬɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɞɟɥɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ
ɷɬɚɬɢɫɬɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ± ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ©ɨɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹª ɫɮɟɪɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɺɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɪɟɞɭɧɞɚɧɬɧɵɦ ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɪɭɝɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɢ ɪɟɞɭɧɞɚɧɬɧɵɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɜ ɞɟɥɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ± ɋɋɋɊ ȽȾɊ ɑɋɋɊ
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɢɧɜɚɡɢɜɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ± ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɟɥɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ± Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ
ɧɟɢɧɜɚɡɢɜɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ± ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɭɸ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɟɥɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɪɨɥɢ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɦɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɢ ©ɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɠɚª ɧɚɞɡɨɪ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢɹ ɢ ɛɨɪɶɛɚ ɫ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɚɦɩɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɢ ± ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɭɸ ɞɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɸ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ
Petry K., Steinbach D., Tokarski W6SRUW V\VWHPV LQ WKH FRXQWULHV RI WKH (XURSHDQ 8QLRQ VLPLODULWLHV DQG GLIIHUHQFHV >ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ@ (XURSHDQ -RXUQDO IRU 6SRUW DQG 6RFLHW\ ± ± 9RO ± ʋ ± 3 ± ± 3
Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨ ɫɟɞɶɦɭɸ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɟ ɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ.,
ɉɨɧɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɇɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɵ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɟ ± ± ʋ ± ɋ ± ± ɋ ±
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɚɹ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɮɚɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɹ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ©ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹª ɫɮɟɪɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɚɥɢɛɟɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɹ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɇɨɜɚɹ Ɂɟɥɚɧɞɢɹ ɋɒȺ
ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɚɹ ɦɟɞɢɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ± ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɢɧɜɚɡɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɧɟɢɧɜɚɡɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ ©ɧɟɢɧɜɚɡɢɜɧɚɹ ɢɧɜɚɡɢɜɧɚɹ ɧɟɢɧɜɚɡɢɜɧɚɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ª ɂɧɞɢɹ Ʉɚɧɚɞɚ Ʉɢɬɚɣ
ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɝɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɞɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ ɂɫɩɚɧɢɹ ɂɬɚɥɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɹ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ
ɞɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɹ Ʉɚɧɚɞɚ ɇɨɜɚɹ Ɂɟɥɚɧɞɢɹ ɋɒȺ
ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɂɧɞɢɹ ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ
ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɛɴɺɦɚɦ ɭɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ
ɷɤɜɢɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɚɜɧɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ± ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɛɴɺɦɵ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɦɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɜɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɦɭ ɷɤɫɬɪɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɦɭ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦɵ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ ɂɫɩɚɧɢɹ Ʉɢɬɚɣ ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɹ
ɤɨɧɬɪɚɞɢɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ± ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨ ©ɫɨɫɬɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟª ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɤɨɧɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɚɹɦɨɞɟɥɶ± ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢɡɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ ɚɤɬɵ ɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɡɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɚɤɬɵ ɜɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɬɪɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ©ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɫɤɢɟª ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɫɤɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢɡɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɚɤɬɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ± ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɦɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚɞ ɨɛɴɺɦɨɦ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ± ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɣ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚɞ ɨɛɴɺɦɨɦ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɦɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɹ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɛɪɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɂɧɞɢɹ Ʉɚɧɚɞɚ ɋɒȺ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɫɨ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣɂɬɚɥɢɹ
ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɩɪɹɦɨɟ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɚ Ʉɨɥɭɦɛɢɹ ɇɢɤɚɪɚɝɭɚ ɗɤɜɚɞɨɪ Ɇɚɪɨɤɤɨ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ Ⱥɪɦɟɧɢɹ Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧ Ɇɨɥɞɨɜɚ
ɩɪɹɦɨɟ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ Ʌɚɬɜɢɹ Ƚɜɚɬɟɦɚɥɚ Ʌɢɬɜɚ
ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɪɦ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚȻɨɥɢɜɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɨɪɦ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɢ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɚɹ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɢ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦɎɪɚɧɰɢɹ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɱɺɬɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɢ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦɋɒȺ
ɋɦɋɨɥɨɜɶɺɜ Ⱥ.Ⱥ. Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ Ʉɨɦɢɫ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɚɜɭ Ⱥɫɫɨɰ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ± Ɇ ± ɋ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɚɹ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɚɹ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ Ⱥɪɝɟɧɬɢɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ ɋɒȺ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɢɹ
ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɦɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɤ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɞɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɬɟɣɫɤɢɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹɦ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ Ȼɟɥɶɝɢɹ ɂɬɚɥɢɹ Ʉɚɧɚɞɚ
± ɫɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɵɣ ɫɭɞ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɢ ɬ ɞ
± ɫ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɬɪɟɬɟɣɫɤɢɦ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɬɪɟɬɟɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɭɞɚɦɢ
ɧɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɞɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ɜ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɚɠɧɨɦ ɫɭɞɟ ɜ ɝ Ʌɨɡɚɧɧɚ ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɚɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɫɩɨɪɵ ɤ ɨɛɳɟɦɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ
ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ
ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦɢ ɯɨɬɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ