Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
± ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɮɢɬɧɟɫɚ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɧɟɪɨɜ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɩɪɨɤɚɬɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɧɚɪɹɞɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɜɟɧɬɚɪɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɷɤɢɩɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɞɪ
± ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɬɭɪɢɫɬɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ± ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ
ɬɪɟɧɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɭɞɟɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ± ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ ± ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɵɫɥɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɢɹɷɤɢɩɢɪɨɜɤɢɢɢɧɨɝɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ
ȿɫɥɢ ɫɭɡɢɬɶ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɨɯɜɚɬɢɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
ɧɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ± ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ± ɜ ɬɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
± ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɦɢɞɠɟɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ± ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɟɝɨ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɫɮɟɪɟɫɩɨɪɬɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɜɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢɫɚɦɨɝɨɫɟɛɹ ɢɦɢɞɠ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɤ ©ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɵª ɢ ɤɚɤ ©ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɚª
± ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɥɢɰɟ ɟɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ
ɩɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ± ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɚɤɤɪɟɞɢɬɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ
ɋɦ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɨ Ɉ.Ⱥ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪ ɚɫɫɨɰ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɚɜɚ ,$6/ Ʉɨɦɢɫ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɩɪɚɜɭ Ⱥɫɫɨɰ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ± Ɇ ± ɫ ɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɨ Ɉ.Ⱥ. Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ± Ɇ ɉɪɨɫɩɟɤɬ ± ɫ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ± ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɧɟɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɵɯ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ
± ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ
± ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɥɢɦɚɬ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ
ɨɯɜɚɬɢɬɶ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɫɟ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɟ ɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɦ
ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɦɵ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɚ
ɜ ɫɨɚɜɬɨɪɫɬɜɟ ɫ Ɉ Ⱥ ɒɟɜɱɟɧɤɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ± ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɨ ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɫ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɥɚɝ ɧɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɢ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɺɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɤɬɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɡɸɦɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɫɬɧɨɣɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣɫɨɫɬɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɜɪɚɦɤɚɯɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɸ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɤ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɨ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɨɫɬɪɵɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɟɫɫ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɨɞɭ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɨɫɯɢɳɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɤɬɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɡɸɦɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɸɳɢɟ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɚ ɢ ɹɪɤɚɹ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɩɪɟɡɸɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ©ɱɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɢɝɪɵª ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵɦ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɢɧɬɪɢɝɭ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɉɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɨ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɝɪɨɤɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɵ
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɧɟɪɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɭɞɶɢ ɚɪɛɢɬɪɵ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɧɫɨɪɵ ɢ ɥɢɰɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɭ ɧɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯɢɥɢɜɫɜɹɡɢɫɬɚɤɢɦɢɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɦɢȼɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɧɨ ɱɚɳɟ ± ɫɟɪɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɱɟɦɩɢɨɧɚɬɵ ɫɟɡɨɧɵ ɢɝɪ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ Ɉɥɢɦɩɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɢ ɞɪ Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɫ ɱɢɫɬɨ ɲɨɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɵɦ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ± ɲɨɭ ©Ɍɚɧɰɵ ɧɚ ɥɶɞɭª ɪɚɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɣɨɞɢɧ±ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɩɪɨɞɚɬɶɷɬɨɬɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɸɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɢɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɟɥɟɜɢɞɟɧɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɪɚɞɢɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɨɬ ɫɩɨɧɫɨɪɫɬɜɚ ɨɬ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɵ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɩɪɚɜ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɸ ɨɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ ɢ ɨɛɭɜɶ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɨɞɧɨ ɢ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɪɟɠɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɛɭɞɭɱɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɸ ɜ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɚɫɩɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɢ ± ɢ ɜ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɸ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɢ ɜ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɢ ɜ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ ɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯ
Ɇɨɳɧɵɣ ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɲɨɭ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ Ⱦɠɨɧɚ Ȼɢɱɚ ɢ ɋɚɣɦɨɧɚ ɑɷɞɜɢɤɚ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɺ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɫɬɶɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɨɛɨɣɨɞɧɭ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɟɺ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ©ɩɪɨɞɚɠɚ ɜɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣª ɉɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ ɇɟɣɥɚ ɋɚɣɦɨɧɚ ©ɫɩɨɪɬ ± ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɛɵɪɚɡɜɵɟɝɨɧɢɫɦɨɬɪɟɥɢɧɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɱɟɦ ɞɟɥɨ ɤɨɧɱɢɬɫɹª
ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɢɞ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɧɨɜɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ
Chadwick S., Beech J. ,QWURGXFWLRQ WKH PDUNHWLQJ RI VSRUW >ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ@ 7KH 0DUNHWLQJ RI 6SRUW >ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ@ (GLWHG E\ -%HHFK DQG 6 &KDGZLFN ± +DUORZ (QJODQG 3HDUVRQ (GXFDWLRQ ± [[[Y S ± 3
ɐɢɬɩɨ7KH0DUNHWLQJRI6SRUW>ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ@ (GLWHGE\-%HHFKDQG 6 &KDGZLFN ± +DUORZ (QJODQG 3HDUVRQ (GXFDWLRQ ± [[[Y S ± 3
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɚɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɧɟɪɚɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɭɞɶɹɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɺɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɨ ɫɜɟɪɲɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɛ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɢ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɚɯ ɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɯ ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɢɫɯɨɞ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɪ Ⱥɤɤɭɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɟɣ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɨɩɟɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɨɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɋɆɂ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ ɫɚɣɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɯ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɋɆɂ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɬɨɬɚɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɵ
©ȿɫɥɢ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɡɜɺɡɞ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɬɨ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɠɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ"ª ± ɡɚɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɪɢɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɋɚɣɦɨɧ ɑɟɞɜɢɤ ɢ Ⱦɠɨɧ Ȼɢɱ ɋɩɨɪɬ ɜɫɺ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɭɦ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ȼɚɠɧɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɟ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹ©ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣɩɪɨɞɭɤɬªɢɦɟɟɬɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɞɥɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ± ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɟɪɚɯ ɞɨɥɠɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ± ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɗɬɨ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɠɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɺɬ ɨ ɤɨɥɨɫɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɭɦɦɚɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɡ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɨɜ ɫɤɨɥɶ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɫɟɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɤɚɤɢɦ ɬɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɟɝɨ ©ɫɜɟɠɟɫɬɶª ɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɪɟɥɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɭɬɪɚɬɢɥɚɫɶ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɪ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɷɧɬɪɨɩɢɣɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ
ȿɫɥɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɪɟɡɸɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɥɚɞɟɥɶɰɟɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɬɚɞɢɨɧɨɜ ɬɪɟɤɨɜ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɨɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ
7KH 0DUNHWLQJ RI 6SRUW >ɋɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ@ (GLWHG E\ -%HHFK DQG 6 &KDGZLFN ± +DUORZ (QJODQG 3HDUVRQ (GXFDWLRQ ± [[[Y S ± 3
Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɍɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ
ɢ ɬ ɞ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɟɞɢɣɧɨ ɪɚɫɤɪɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɪɬɫɦɟɧɨɜ ɬɨ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɭ ɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɬɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɷɬɭ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɧɢ ɤɨɩɟɣɤɢ ɇɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɢɦɟɥɨ ɛɵ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɨɛɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɚɦɢ
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɪɨɠɞɚɟɦɵɣ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɨɣ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɫɟɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɢ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɯ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɢ ɢ ɩɭɧɤɬ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ Ⱥɜɫɬɪɢɢ ©Ɉ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɭ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦª ɨɬ ɝɨɞɚ ɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɁɚɤɨɧɚɂɫɩɚɧɢɢɨɬ ʋɪɟɞɨɬ ©Ɉ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª ɫɬɚɬɶɹ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɉɨɥɶɲɢ ɨɬ ɪɟɞ ɨɬ ɝɨɞɚ ©Ɉ ɫɩɨɪɬɟª ɩɭɧɤɬ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ©Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚª Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɉɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɢɢ ɨɬ ʋ ɪɟɞ ɨɬ ©Ɉɛ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɯ ɮɢɡɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚª ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ ɫɦ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɚɜɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɤ
ɧɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
Ʉɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɤ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɭ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɚɜɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɧɢɠɟɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ± ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɚ ɜ ɫɨɚɜɬɨɪɫɬɜɟ ɫ Ⱥ Ɇ Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɨɣ
ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɢ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɨɭ ɯɚɭ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɪɬ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɢ
ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɢ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɨɭ ɯɚɭ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ
ɉɨɧɤɢɧ ɂ.ȼ., Ɋɟɞɶɤɢɧɚ Ⱥ.ɂ., Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ Ⱥ.Ɇ. Ʉ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɚɜɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪɬɚ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɋɛ ɧɚɭɱ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ɩɨɫɜɹɳ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɩɪɨɮ ɇ ȼ ȼɢɬɪɭɤɚ Ɉɬɜ ɪɟɞ Ɇ ȼ Ɇɚɪɯɝɟɣɦ ± Ȼɟɥɝɨɪɨɞ ± ɫ ± ɋ ±
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɟɟɫɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɭ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɭ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚɞ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ȽɄ ɊɎ