Exercise 1. Use the proper degree of adjectives and adverbs.
1) This is a nice cat. It's much ___ than my friend's cat.
2) Here is Emily. She's six years old. Her brother is nine, so he is ___.
3) This is a difficult exercise. But the exercise with an asterisk (*) is the ___ exercise on the worksheet.
4) He has an interesting hobby, but my sister has the ___ hobby in the world.
5) In the last holidays I read a good book, but father gave me an even ___one last weekend.
6) School is boring, but homework is ___ than school.
7) Skateboarding is a dangerous hobby. Bungee jumping is ___ than skateboarding.
8) This magazine is cheap, but that one is ___.
9) We live in a small house, but my grandparents' house is even ____ than ours.
10) Yesterday John told me a funny joke. This joke was the ___ joke I've ever heard.
11) My father is heavy. My uncle is much ___ than my father.
12) The test in Geography was easy, but the test in Biology was ___.
13) Florida is sunny. Do you know the ___ place in the USA?
14) Stan is a successful sportsman, but his sister is ___ than Stan.
15) My mother has a soft voice, but my teacher's voice is ___ than my mother's.
Exercise 2. Complete the following comparisons.
1 Barbara is nearly ___ old ___ her stepmother.
2. There are more ___ two thousand books in my mother's library.
3. Bob talks just ___ his father.
4. Would you be ___ kind ___ to close the door for me?
5. Do ___ I tell you; don't do ___ I do.
6. I am not ___ naive ___ to believe all he promises me.
7. After your heart attack you should walk ___ slowly ___ possible.
8. The Dnieper is not now ___ wide ___ it was.
9. I have ___ many working hours a week ___ any other employee.
10. A shower uses less water ___ a bath.
11. On Sundays we don't have to get up ___ early ___ usual.
12. This house is two times ___ big ___ the old one.
Exercise 3. Put the adverbs in brackets into the proper place.
He listens to the radio. (often)
Tom is very friendly. (usually)
I take sugar in my coffee. (sometimes)
My grandmother goes for a walk in the evening. (always)
They watch TV in the afternoon. (never)
Have you been to London? (ever)
Exercise 4. Choose the right order of adjectives.
1. He's a ________ doctor.
a) young charming b) charming young
2. I plan on wearing my ________ coat.
a) long black b) black long
3. This is a ________ painting from the 18th century.
a) French well-known b) well-known French
4. She was wearing a ________ dress.
a) green beautiful b) beautiful green
5. The ________ bird! I'm going to help it!
a) poor little b) little poor
6. She prepared a ________ dinner for us.
a) Mexican wonderful b) wonderful Mexican
7. Nagoya is an example of a ________ city.
a) modern Japanese b) Japanese modern
8. He bought himself a ________ truck.
a) big new b) new big
9. Pass me the ________ bowl.
a) plastic round b) round plastic
10. The ________ years were fantastic.
a) two first b) first two
Exercise 5. Complete the given phrases with your own variant.
The sooner, ___.
The longer the day (is), ___.
The more we learn, ___.
The more expensive the wedding, ___.
The later one goes to bed, ___
The better the idea, ___.
The more knowledge you get ___.
The less chocolate you eat, ___.
The more kids you have, ___.
The smarter a person is, ___.
The longer we study English, ___.
Exercise 6. Use the right degree of comparison of the adjectives in brackets.
He laughs (good), who laughs last.
He who laughs last, laughs (long).
Of two evils, choose the (little).
My aunt is the (old) of the four sisters.
Cats are (clean) than monkeys, but monkeys are (intelligent) than cats.
Thank you, you are (kind) today than you were yesterday.
Socrates was (wise) Greek of all.
Christopher is (friendly) than Ted.
Ben is (wealthy) of the three brothers.
Edwin was (nice) of the two sons.
Exercise 7. Compare (Writing)
I. two different fruits 2. a cat and a dog 3. two flowers 4. rock music and classical music 5. two academic subjects 6. comedy and tragedy 7. reading and writing 8. being single and being married 9. two of your friends 10. your life now with what it was like ten years ago II. your physical appearance now with the way you looked as a child 12. two movie stars 13. two holidays 14. two of your teachers 15. children with parents.
Exercise 8. Find and correct the mistake
Ex: This is longest book in the library.
This is the longest book in the library.
1. The Atlantic Ocean is not as big the Pacific Ocean.
2. Your hands are dirtyer than mine.
3. Albert Einstein is intelligenter than me.
4. Nobody is rich as the Queen of England.
5. This is the cheaper car on the market.
6. Who is fastest man in the world?
7. That restaurant is best in town.
8. Julia Roberts is more pretty than my grandmother.
9. The Ferrari is the faster car of all.
10. I am as taller as you.
11. Where are the more beautiful beaches in the world?
12. China is bigger India.
13. Athens is one of oldest cities in the world.
14. Who is the better lawyer in town?
15. Is ice heavier that water?
Exercise 9. Translate into English.
1. Ви- моя остання надія.
2. Вона виглядає старше своїх років.
3. Чим ближче іспити, тим більше я нервую.
4. На скільки років ваш чоловік старше вас? - Ми одного віку.
5. У наступний вівторок ми обговоримо наступний пункт програми.
6. Які останні досягнення в цій галузі?
8. На цій виставці представлено останнє (новітнє) обладнання з усього світу.
9. У мене дві близькі подруги: Настя та Ірина. Перша дуже стримана, друга дуже емоційна.
10. Сядь, будь ласка, подалі від телевізора.
The pronoun is a part of speech which points out objects and their qualities without naming them. |
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Semantic classification |
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Personal |
We use object forms in such sentences: Who’s that? ~It’s me/us/them. ‘IT’: * in ‘cleft sentences’: It was Peter who drove us home.(not Paul) It was they/them who asked. * when an infinitive is a subject of a sentence: It is easy to criticize. It is better to be easy. * as a subject for impersonal verbs: it seems, it appears, it looks, it happens
Note!
The
coffee is too hot to drink |
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Possessive |
- possessive pronouns can replace possessive adjectives: possessive adjectives+nouns (my, your, his, her, its, our, their ;This is my room). Possessive pronouns (yours, mine, his, hers, ours, theirs ; This room is mine). of mine = one of my: a friend of mine = one of my friends
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Reflexive |
I got up, washed, dressed and went to school. BUT! When the action is difficult (for children or disabled) reflexive pronouns are used: Oh, look! Nicky has just dressed himself!
-
after
a preposition of place we use me,
you, him, her:
In
the mirror I saw a lorry behind
me.
(NOT
to enjoy oneself; to teach oneself ;to find oneself; Help yourself to something! Make yourself at home! to turn itself on /off Note: He behaved badly. BUT Behave yourself! |
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Emphatic |
Patterns: I grew these vegetables myself. The house itself is small, but the garden is enormous. I’m not myself today. You told me about it yourself! |
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Reciprocal |
A pattern: When we went on holiday, we sent a lot of postcards to each other / one another. |
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Demonstrative |
this/these |
that/those |
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these days → nowadays, now; this evening → tonight |
on the phone: Who’s that? |
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Interrogative |
In formal English we use preposition + whom: With whom did you go? In spoken English we usually move the preposition to the end of the sentence, with whom changing to who: Who did you go with? |
In formal English we use preposition + which/what: To which address did you send it? In spoken English we move the preposition to the end of the sentence: Which address did you send it to? |
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which |
what |
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Which size do you want – small, medium or large? |
What is your shoe size? |
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Which
of
you knows the answer? (NOT |
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what & how in questions about measurements |
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what |
how |
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What makes that noise?
What was the exam like? ~It was very difficult.
What does she look like? ~She’s tall and glamorous.
What is his father? ~He is a tailor.
NOTE!
What
is
it called? (NOT
What was the trip like? → |
How did you get on in the exam? ~Quite well, I hope! We ask questions with ‘how’ for:
How do you do? answered by How do you do?
How was the trip? |
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Relative |
Subject Object Possessive For persons who, that whom (very form al) / that (who / - ) whose For things which, that which, that whose / of which (all / everybody/everyone/ no one + that) |
Examples 1. The man who robbed you has been arrested. 2. Everyone who/that knew him liked him. 3. The man whom I saw told me to come back OR The man who/that I saw… OR The man I saw… 4. The man to whom I spoke was 30. (formal) The man (that/who/whom) I spoke to was 30. (inf.) 5. The film is about a spy whose wife betrays him. |
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Defining |
All or every? All = a number of people or things considered as a group Every = a number of people or things considered individually |
Both = one and the other Both+plural verbs: Both doors were open. Both of + us/you/them: Both of us knew him. Both … and … – как … так и …; и… и He both acts and directs. |
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Each or every? - each = a number of persons or things considered individually Each man had a weapon = the speaker went to each man and checked that he had a weapon. - every has the same meaning but there is less emphasis on individual. Every man had a weapon = the speaker counted the men & the weapons & he had the same number of each. - every is used with nouns in the meaning of total, complete (chance, hope, reason, sympathy, right, confidence) You have every right to be here. – Ти маєш повне право тут бути.. - each is used when we have the choice from two things only! There were tears streaming down each side of her face. Each + of these/those, the of can’t be omitted; each of you = you each |
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-
everyone/everybody + singular verb: Everyone
is
ready
(NOT
-
everything
+ singular verb: Everything
has
been
wasted
(NOT Note! The expressions all (the people), all (the) things are possible when followed by a noun, pronoun or a clause:
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We use whole most often with singular countable nouns; we use all most often with uncountable & plural nouns: a whole concert – all the music; a whole plate – all the food We use the whole of before the names of places: the whole of Europe. Note! The whole night BUT all the night/day/time/life. Patterns: Tell me all about it. They left me all alone. That’s all. |
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Other(s) & Another |
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When other is used before a plural noun, it doesn’t have –s. When other is used without a noun, it has –s in the plural. Tell the other people. Tell the others. |
- we can use another to mean ‘one more’. But with uncountables & plurals, we generally use other to mean ‘more’: Have another potato. Have some more meat. - another + few, another + a number with a plural noun. Let’s wait another few minutes = ще декілька хвилин |
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Negative |
Neither/Either |
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- neither = not one and not the other; + an affirmative singular verb: I’ve read neither of these books. - either = any of two; + an affirmative singular verb: Would you like either of these? - either + negative verb can replace neither + affirmative: I haven’t read either of these books. - neither… nor + affirmative verb is an emphatic way of combining two negatives: He neither wrote nor phoned. - either… or is used to express alternatives emphatically: You can have either tea or fruit juice. (not both) Note! Either/neither = the choice from two things/people: Neither of his parents knew what he had done.
None
of you –
ніхто
з вас
(NOT |
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Indefinite |
SOME is used: |
ANY is used: |
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- with affirmative verbs: They bought some honey. - in questions where the answer ‘yes’ is expected: Did some of you sleep on the floor? (I expect so). - in offers & requests: Would you like some wine? - some = unknown: Some idiot broke my window! |
- with negative verbs: I haven’t got any matches. - with hardly, barely, scarcely (which are almost negatives): I hardly have any spare time.
He crossed the frontier without any difficulty.
Have you got any money? - after if/whether & in expressions of doubt: If you need any more money, please let me know. - in imperative sentences: Take any book you like. |
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whoever, whichever, whatever, whenever, wherever, however |
Patterns: I will win whatever happens. However rich you are you can’t buy happiness. Whichever of you broke the window will have to pay for it. I’ll find him, wherever he has gone. (= no matter where he has gone) |
Exercise 10. Fill in the gaps with the correct subject or object pronoun.
Do your brothers play football?
Yes, they play ______ all the time. ______ think ______’s a brilliant game.
Does Susan eat chocolate?
Yes, ______eats ______ all the time. ______. Says______ ’s her favourite food.
Do your parents know Mr. Jones?
Yes, ______know ______ very well. ______lives next door to ______ .
Does Clare like David?
No, ______doesn’t like ______ very much. ______says______’s too noisy.
Do you listen to rock music?
Yes, ______ listen to ______ all the time. ______ think ______’s fantastic.
Does Tony enjoy fishing?
Oh, yes. ______ enjoys ______ very much. ______ says ______ relaxes him.
Exercise 11. Fill in the correct possessive adjective or pronoun.
Have you met your new neighbours yet?
No. I’ve seen ______ children in the garden, though.
You took ______ coat home last night.
I know, I’m sorry. I thought it was ______ because they are both black.
What’s wrong with Rosie?
Oh, she’s been having problems with ______ back recently.
James is doing well at school.
I know. ______teacher says he’s very advanced for his age.
Is this bag ______ ?
Oh, yes, thank you. I nearly forgot it.
Julie and Frank are so lucky. ______. house is beautiful.
Yes, and it’s so much bigger than ______ . I envy them.
I like ______ shirt. It’s like Sandra’s.
Actually, it is______ . I borrowed it from her yesterday.
Why did you lend Tom ______ car?
Because ______ is being repaired at the moment.
Exercise 12. Fill in its or it’s.
The car is nice to drive, but I don’t like its colour.
This town is wonderful. ______Got lots of shops!
I’m staying at home today because ______ cold outside.
Let’s go in here. ______my favourite restaurant.
A bird has built ______ nest in our garden.
The company I work for has changed ______ name.