Материал: English_for_IT_I-II_years
DATES
731 |
seven hundred (and) thirty-one |
1900 |
nineteen hundred |
1904 |
nineteen [ou] four |
2000 |
two thousand |
2009 |
two thousand nine |
15th, May 1948 May 15th, 1948 May 15, 1948 |
The fifteenth of May, nineteen forty-eight. May the fifteenth, nineteen forty-eight. |
THE FOUR OPERATIONS
Addition |
4 + 5 = 9 |
We add four to five and get nine. Four and five equals nine Four and five is (are) nine. |
Subtraction |
9 – 4 = 5 |
We subtract four from nine and get five. Four from nine is five. |
Multiplication |
4 x 5 = 20 |
We multiply four by five and get twenty. Four times five is twenty. |
Division |
20 : 4 = 5 |
We divide twenty by four and get five. |
Fractional numerals Common Fractions
1/3 – a (one) third 2/3 ton – two thirds of a ton
1/8 – an (one) eighth ѕ kilometre – three quarters of a kilometre
Ѕ – a (one) half Ѕ ton – half of a ton
ј – a (one) quarter 2 Ѕ tons – two and a half tons or two tons and a half
2/3 – two thirds 4 1/3 tons – four and a third tons or four tons and a third
3/5 – three fifths 1 Ѕ hours – one and a half hours or one hour and a half
5/6 – five sixths 1 1/3 pounds – one and a third pounds or one pound and a third
Decimal Fractions
0.1 |
nought [no:t] point one |
1.25 tons |
one point two five tons |
0.01 |
nought point nought one |
23.76 tons |
two three point seven six tons or twenty-three point seven six tons |
0.25 |
nought point two five |
14.105 |
one four (or fourteen) point one nought five |
Extra information
0 |
|
0; zero |
1/2 |
|
a half; one half |
1/3 |
|
a third; one third |
3/4 |
|
three fourths |
1/2bh |
|
a half of the product bh |
|
|
u is equal to the ratio of divided by one plus x square |
0.02 |
|
0 point 0 two |
38.75 |
|
thirty-eight point seventy five |
+ |
|
plus |
- |
|
minus |
x |
|
multiplication sign |
: |
|
sign of division |
= |
|
sign of equality |
() |
|
round brackets |
[ ] |
|
square brackets |
a=b |
|
a is equal to b; a equals b; |
ab |
|
a approximately equals b |
a>b |
|
a is greater than b |
a<b |
|
a is less than b |
x=-x |
|
x approaches infinity |
a·b=c |
|
a multiplied by b equals c |
a/b=c |
|
a divided by b equals c a divided by b is c the ratio of a to b is c c is equal to a divided by b |
a+b=c |
|
a plus b is c, a plus b are equal to c a plus b is equal to c |
a-b=c |
|
a minus b is equal to c |
x2 |
|
x squire, x squired; x to the second power; x raised to the second power; the square of x; the second power of x |
y3 |
|
y cube; y cubed; y to the third power |
z-12 |
|
z to the minus twelfth power |
∞ |
|
infinity |
C |
|
constant |
|
|
the square root of a is (equals) b |
|
|
the fifth root of a square |
a′ |
|
a prime |
a″ |
|
a second prime a double prime a twice dashed |
a1 |
|
a sub one a first |
am |
|
a sub m |
f′c |
|
f prime, sub c f sub c, prime |
|
|
second derivative of x |
|
|
first derivative of x with respect to y |
ym=f(x) |
|
y is function of x y sub m is a function y x |
|
|
integral of.... from m to n integral of .... between limits n and m |
|
|
v is equal to u; square root of sine square i plus cosine square i is equal to u |
% |
|
per cent |
0.52 % |
|
point five two per cent zero point five two of one per cent |
450C |
|
forty five degrees Centigrade |
Exercises
Exercise 13. Say aloud the following numerals:
1, 1st, 2, 2nd, 3, 3d, 4, 4th, 40, 40th, 5, 5th, 8, 8th, 9, 9th, 10, 10th, 12, 12th, 20, 20th, 100, 100th.
Exercise 14. Are you good at maths?
a) Do the following exercise. Fill in the gaps with correct words and numerals.
|
.......................... |
|
an hour |
|
.......................... |
|
a minute |
There are |
.......................... |
in |
a day |
|
.......................... |
|
a week |
|
.......................... |
|
a month |
|
.......................... |
|
a year |
b) Do the following sums.
3+4 = |
12+13= |
19-4= |
195- 70= |
5+6= |
14+15= |
18- 5= |
280-52= |
7+2= |
16+17= |
17 – 6= |
467 – 13= |
8+9= |
18+19= |
16 – 8= |
748 – 23= |
2x9= |
9x3= |
54: 6 = |
72:8 = |
3x8= |
8x4= |
18: 2= |
45: 9= |
4x7= |
7x5 |
21: 7= |
90: 6= |
5x6= |
6x6= |
15: 5= |
24:3= |
ј+1/4= |
1/3+2/3= |
69: 3= |
3/8 + 1/8 = |
1/5 + 1/5= |
|
1/8+3/4= |
|
Exercise 15. Read the following years aloud.
1066 1778 1804 1918 2005 63BC 1132 1559 55BC 1874 1246 925 718 1963 1799 1666 2000
Exercise 16. Practise reading the following dates aloud.
18.4.94 4.9.77 24.8.63 7.7.43 22.03.55 31.05.87 (GB)
4/18/94 9/4/77 8/24/63 7/7/43 3/22/55 5/31/87 (US)
Exercise 17. Speak about days and months.
Model: Sunday is the first day of the week.
March is the third month of the year. It’s the first spring month. It has 31 days.
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday
January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.
Exercise 18. Speak about days and months.
В моїй групі дванадцять студентів.
Десять студентів брали участь у конкурсі. Троє з них отримали нагороди.
Скільки футів в одній милі? - В одній милі 5280 футів.
П'ятдесят шість робочих були звільнені вчора.
Він написав сто тридцять нарисів п'ятдесят два оповідання і сім романів.
Перше оповідання було цікавим. Друге було нудним.
Ця коробка важить дві третіх кілограма.
Він вже написав три чверті свого нового роману.
Мені довелося чекати півтори години.
Паркан був заввишки в два з половиною метри.
П'ятнадцять годин очікування - це занадто багато.