Материал: English_for_IT_I-II_years
* The descriptive attributes that usually modify geographical names in pre-position are: northern, southern, eastern, western, central, minor, south-west (etc.), Latin, ancient, old, new, industrial, medieval, modern,
The use of articles with other proper names
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Zero Article |
Definite Article |
1 |
Buildings, bridges |
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traditional use
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2 |
Airports, railway and bus stations, |
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3 |
Hotels, clubs, restaurants, cafes, pubs |
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4 |
Museums, picture galleries, monuments |
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5 |
Concert halls, theatres, cinemas |
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6 |
Ships and boats |
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7 |
Newspapers and magazines |
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8 |
Names of historical events |
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9 |
Parties and organizations |
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Exercise 9. Fill in a, an, the or – (nothing).
She spent … adventure holiday in the summer in the heart of Africa.
Although it was deep night, he could find his way through … woods.
I’m sure I’m doing … right thing.
My office is on … third floor of … old building.
A career in this field can be … hard work but it’s rewarding.
… most trains start badly on cold mornings.
Traffic jams are almost unavoidable in … morning rush hour.
I had … sandwich in … school canteen for … lunch today.
… company wants us to pay for … goods in … advance.
Mary lives in … large town in … middle of London but she wants to live in … country.
The Department of Linguistics at West Point is located on the west bank of … Hudson River, north of California.
… Sahara, the world’s largest desert, extends over eight million square kilometres.
… Pacific Ocean keeps … San Francisco cool.
Exercise 10. Fill in the articles in the proverbs if necessary.
1. … apple … day keeps … doctor away.
2. … appetite comes with eating.
3. … good beginning makes … good ending.
4. … bird in … hand is worth two in … bush.
5. Among … blind … one-eyed man is king.
6. … brevity is … soul of wit.
7. … cat has nine lives.
8. … charity begins at … home.
9. … clothes make … man.
10. … curiosity killed … cat.
Exercise 11.Fill in a, an, the or – (nothing)?
_____diplomat is _______person who can tell you to go to hell in such a way that you actually look forward to_____ trip.
_____dog is _____only thing on earth that loves you more than you love yourself.
_____Americans like ______fat books and _____thin women.
_____optimist is someone who thinks _____future is uncertain.
_____equality is ____lie - _____women are better.
_____birds do it; _____bees do it; even _____educated fleas do it. Let’s do it. Let’s fall in ____love.
I always pass on _____good advice. It is ______only thing to do with it. It is never any use to oneself.
Remember that as _____teenager you are at _____last stage in your life when you will be happy to hear that _____phone is for you.
Save _____water, shower with _____friend.
When I was _____boy of fourteen, my father was so ignorant I could hardly stand to have _____old man around. But when I got to be twenty-one, I was astonished at how much he had learned in seven years.
When I was born, I was so surprised that I couldn’t talk for _____year and _____half.
California is ______great place – if you happen to be ______orange.
Exercise 12. Translate the following sentences:
1. Цього ранку я купив газету і журнал. Газета в моєму портфелі, але я не знаю, куди я поклав журнал.
2. На вулиці припарковані дві машини: синя і сіра. Синя належить моїм сусідам; я не знаю, хто власник сірої.
3. - Ви часто ходите в кіно? - Ні, не дуже часто. Але я дивлюся багато фільмів по телевізору.
4. - Що Ви їли на сніданок сьогодні вранці? - Нічого. Я ніколи не снідаю.
5. - Ми витратили всі наші гроші, бо ми зупинилися в найдорожчому готелі міста. - Чому ви не зупинилися у більш дешевому готелі?
6. Це був дуже жаркий день. Він був найспекотнішим днем у році.
Numerals
Cardinals(cardinal numerals/)numbers) |
Ordinals(ordinal numerals/numbers) |
Morphological composition:
20-90 (-ty)
Note: a hundred/one hundred a thousand/one thousand a million/one million
collective a dozen /one dozen (12) numbers a score / one score (20) two dozen (24) a gross/one gross (12 dozen)
Functions:
Note: used instead of ordinals in postposition: Book Four but the fourth book, Act Three but the third ,net Unit 5, lecture 3, line 6, paragraph 2, Chapter X, No. (number) 49 = # 49 (US English), Apartment 12, World War II(but the Second World War) |
Morphological composition: (the same)
Mind the pronunciation: 20 – twenty but the 20ieth [ˈtwentııи] 30 – thirty but the 30ieth, etc.
Note: normally they are used with the definite article: This is the second floor. But can be used with the indefinite article when they do not show a definite order of persons or things in a series: The bell rang once, then a second time, then a third.
Functions:
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indicate
exact number, used in counting