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12.Проследи за тем, чтобы все члены профсоюза были приглашены на собрание.
13.Убедись, что ты выключил свет и закрыл окно.
14.Он приобрел всеобщее уважение после того, как написал свой первый роман.
Читатели отмечают его способность описывать человеческие чувства.
15.От чего это зависит? – Я считаю, что это зависит от вашей способности управлять компанией.
16.Если быть честным, я не одобряю твой образ жизни. Ты тратишь деньги на развлечения, берешь взаймы и часто не возвращаешь долг.
17.Я бы хотел одолжить у тебя велосипед. Моя машина сломалась.
18.Мы вступили в группу заёмщиков, занялись бизнесом и вывели нашу семью из бедности.
19.Обеспечение займа – это что-то ценное. Например, вы владеете домом – это дом. Банк конфискует его, если вы не выплатите ссуду вовремя.
20.Чтобы жениться на моей дочери, вы должны выполнить два условия:
первое – бросить курить и второе – доказать, что вы чего-то стоите.
21.Что произойдет, если человек, которому банк предоставил заём, исчезнет?
Обеспечение ссуды (залог) защищает банк от убытков. Банк имеет право забрать имущество этого человека.
22.Она понравилась ему больше, когда он узнал, что ей принадлежит большой дом и земля в Германии. Я не одобряю её выбор.
23.Очень трудно получить заём, если у тебя нет никакого обеспечения.
Part 2: Consumerism and the Human Brain
Words to remember
brand (n.) – a product or group of products that has its own name and is made by one particular company
fear (n.) – 1. the feeling you have when you are frightened: fear of smth live in fear (of) (=be afraid all the time) / shake/tremble with fear
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2. something bad or unpleasant that you are afraid might happen: fear about / fear of / fear for
waste (v.) – to use more of something than is necessary, or use it in a way that does not produce the best results; to use wrongly: waste something on something
consume (v.) – 1. to eat or drink something
2. to use a supply of something such as time, energy, or fuel consumer (n.) – someone who buys and uses goods and services.
consumerism (n.) – the belief that it is good for a country if people buy and use a lot of goods and services.
variety (n.) – a collection or number of people, things, ideas etc that are all different from one another
various (adj.) – different and more than a few huge (adj.) – extremely large in size: ENORMOUS
marketing (n.) – the ways in which a company encourages people to buy its products by deciding on price, type of customer, and advertising policy: a marketing campaign advertise (v.) – to try to persuade people to buy a product or service by announcing it on television, on the Internet, in newspapers etc
advertisement (n.) – a short film on television or short article on radio that is intended to persuade people to buy something: COMMERCIAL
advertising (n.) – the business of making advertisements: an advertising agency persuade (v.) – 1. to make someone agree to do something by giving them reasons why they should: persuade someone to do something
2. to make someone believe that something is true: CONVINCE persuade someone (that) / persuade someone of something
persuasive (adj.)– good at making people agree to do or believe what you want them to: a persuasive argument/case
target (v.) – to try to persuade or influence a particular group of people: television advertising targeted at children
dissatisfaction (n.) – the annoyed feeling you get when something is not as good as you expected it to be: dissatisfaction with
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offensive (adj.) – unpleasant or insulting, and likely to make people upset or embarrassed
offend (v.) – to make someone upset and angry by doing or saying something outweigh (v.) – to be more important, useful, or valuable than something else
need (n.) – a situation in which it is necessary for something to be done: need for / a need to do something / meet a need (=provide what is needed)
image (n.) – 1. an opinion that people have about someone or something, which may not be a true one: image of
2. a picture or idea of something in your mind: mental image
addicted (adj.) – 1. unable to stop taking an illegal or harmful drug: addicted to: He admitted he was addicted to cocaine.
2. enjoying a particular activity very much and spending as much time as you can doing it: addicted to: I don’t want the kids getting addicted to stupid TV programmes.
addiction (n.) – 1. a strong need that someone feels to regularly take an illegal or harmful drug: addiction to: an addiction to nicotine
2. a strong need or wish to spend as much time as possible doing a particular activity: addiction to: His addiction to the Internet is taking over his life. irrational (adj.) – not thinking or behaving in a clear reasonable way
reasonable (adj.) – 1.someone who is reasonable behaves in a sensible and fair way 2. if something is reasonable, there are good reasons for thinking
that it is true or correct
identical (adj.) – exactly the same
prophecy (n.) – a statement made by someone about something they believe will happen self-fulfilling (adj.) – something that is self-fulfilling is certain to happen because people think it is likely and then behave in ways that make it happen: self-fulfilling prophecy
compulsion (n.) – a very strong feeling of wanting to do something, especially a feeling that you cannot control
compulsive (adj.) – impossible to control and therefore sometimes harmful: a compulsive gambler/liar
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Exercises
I. Give English equivalents of the words and word combinations from the text.
Потребитель, потреблять; убеждать; слабость; страх; обидный, оскорбительный;
оскорблять, обижать; гигиена полости рта; воспользоваться; перевешивать; реклама,
рекламировать, рекламист; худеть; потеря веса; предсказание, пророчество;
пророчить; разумный, неразумный; телевизионная реклама; захватывающая жизнь;
красивый мужчина; пристрастие, пагубная привычка; пристраститься к чему-либо;
принуждение; заядлый курильщик; заядлый игрок; торговая марка; маркетолог;
существенный, важный; неудовлетворение чем-либо, быть неудовлетворенным чем-
либо; авантюрист; транспортное средство; занимать много места; обоняние;
проводить исследование; идентичный; иметь власть над чем-либо.
II. Give synonyms: |
|
|
|
1. |
to use up |
5. different |
8. the same |
2. |
prediction |
6. unpleasant |
9. reasonable |
3. |
very large |
7. to convince |
10. displeasure |
4.to conduct a study
1.someone who buys goods and services
2.a collection or number of people, things, ideas that are all different from one another
3.to try to persuade people to buy a product or service by announcing on TV, on the Internet, in newspapers etc.
4.the liquid used in the mouth, for making it feel fresh
5.to be more important than
6.some irrational desire that we can’t control
7.impossible to explain reasonably
8.a product or group of products that has its own name and is made by one particular company
9.unable to stop having, taking
10.eager for adventure
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1.Advertisements have power … our brain.
2.Advertisers take advantage … our need … a good self-image and try to
3.People have access … a huge variety … products nowadays.
4.This wok took … a lot of time.
5.This is a very big car, it takes … much space.
6.Such life seems exiting … many people.
7.Advertisers persuade us to buy a product by targeting … our dissatisfaction … ourselves.
8.The original model for the advertisements of Marlboro cigarettes was the man addicted … smoking who dies … lung cancer.
9.Our sense of smell actually influences … our opinion of a product and our decision to buy it.
10.The truth is that with their increasing knowledge of what goes on … the human brain marketers might have more power … us than we realize.
V.Fill in the blanks with the suitable words or word combinations from the list below.
1.People can ________ to different things, e.g. alcohol, drugs, certain food or even television. People who have such _________ are compulsive.
2.We want to buy some products because of some _________ – some irrational desire that we can’t control.
3.Business people consider people’s needs in their __________ methods.
4._________ is a situation in which people cause a prediction to come true.
5.Successful _________ use their knowledge of psychology to persuade people to consume more and more.
6.Students are offered a wide ___________ of courses in this department.
7.We have taken all __________ precautions to avoid an accident.
8.This job ___________ in the local paper.
9.The billboards ___________ travelers at the airport.
10.They avoided saying anything that might ___________ the audience.