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CHAPTER 8

TASTES AND PREFERANCES

Part 1: What Can We Learn from Art?

Words to remember

ancestor (n.) – someone who is related to you who lived a long time ago

exquisite (adj.) – extremely beautiful and delicate: an exquisite hand-painted vase from

China

thrill (n.) – a sudden feeling of being very excited and pleased: the thrill of (doing something): the thrill of visiting a new city give someone a thrill

thrill-seekers (=people who like doing exciting and dangerous things)

depict (v.) – to describe someone or something using words or pictures: PORTRAY depiction (n.) – a description of something using words or pictures: PORTRAYAL worship (n.) – the activity of showing respect and love for a god, for example by singing or praying

worship (v.) – to feel or show respect and love for a god

assure (v.) – tell someone that something will definitely happen or is definitely true, especially in order to remove doubt about it:

shed light on something – to suggest an explanation for something that is difficult to

understand

misuse (n.) – the use of something in the wrong way or for the wrong purpose misuse (v.) – to use something in the wrong way or for the wrong purpose: essential (adj.) – completely necessary:

significant (adj.) – very important: There’s been some significant progress. target (n.) – 1. an object that you have to hit in a game or sport

2. something that you try to achieve: set a target / meet a target (=achieve it) / sales target (=the amount of something you want to sell)

destination (n.) – the place where someone or something is going: a popular holiday destination: arrive at/reach your destination.

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foretell (v.) – to say what will happen in the future: PREDICT

predict (v.) – to say what you think will happen in the future: predict (that)

separate (adj.) – existing or happening independently or in a different physical space: separate from

separate (v.) – to consider two people or things as different or not related: separate something from something

likewise (adv.) – in the same way or in a similar way:

protection (n.) – the process of keeping someone or something safe, or the condition of being kept safe: protection of / protection against / protection from

admire (v.) – to have a feeling of great respect for someone or something admirer (n.) – someone who admires someone or something

exist (v.) – to be real or appear in the real world

existence (n.) – the state of being a real or living thing, or of being present in a particular place, time, or situation: come into existence/go out of existence

tribe (n.) – a large group of related families who live in the same area and share a common language, religion, and customs

tribal (adj.) – relating to or belonging to a TRIBE: a tribal leader; tribal lands

effect (n.) – a change that is produced in one person or thing by another: effect on/upon

/ have an effect on something

Exercises

I. Give English equivalents of the words and word combinations from the text.

Повседневная деятельность; геометрические формы; маленькие предметы для повседневного использования; предки; существенный, важный; отражать; духовный;

обеспечивать кого-л. чем-л.; убедиться; художественные характеристики; спелеолог;

достичь места назначения; ползать; волнение, возбуждение; достичь цели;

превосходные рисунки; на носу лодки; поразительная красота; декоративный;

изображать; изображение; предсказывать; обеспечивать успех; подобным образом;

поклоняться; племя; проливать свет на что-л.; племенные культуры; злоупотребление властью; наскальные рисунки; по контрасту; существовать; существование

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II. Give synonyms.

To predict, very important (necessary), real, useful, ensure, huge, important, headgear,

likewise, to focus on, purpose, sacred, influence, to influence

III.Identify a word by its meaning. Make your own sentences with these words.

1.a picture formed in the mind

2.to move slowly on the hands and knees

3.a deep underground place

4.people who explore caves

5.people who study ancient cultures

6.to show great respect for

7.beautiful decoration with images of flowers and geometric forms

8.a place someone is trying to reach

9.to respect and like

10.very finely made or done

11.not influenced by personal opinions or emotions

12.influenced by personal feelings, therefore perhaps unfair

13.long narrow underground passage

14.the object someone is trying to shoot at

15.to direct one’s attention to smth

16.a person who has been attacked

17.to break or divide up into the parts forming the whole

18.divided; not joined or united

19.used for decorating

20.connected with god and religion

IV. Complete the sentences using the words given below in a proper form. Translate

the sentences into Russian.

1.The conference ____________ the issue of population control.

2.The statue is a fine example of early Christian ____________.

3.The book _____________ him as a rather unpleasant character.

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4.The doctor ____________ me that I wouldn’t feel any pain.

5.Muslims come to ____________ at the mosques.

6.My ___________ originally came from Ireland.

7.Anna stood looking at her ____________ in the mirror.

8.Opponents of genetic engineering see it as a ___________ of scientific knowledge.

9.They were persecuted because of their religious ___________.

10.Jerusalem is a __________ city for Jews, Christians and Muslims.

11.He seems to have no interest in ____________ matters.

12.Computers form an ___________ part of any business nowadays.

13.There has been a ______________ change in people’s attitude to the environment.

14.The stockbroker bought shares in the company and advised his clients to do

__________.

Significant, to depict, to worship, beliefs, to focus on, misuse, holy, spiritual, art,

likewise, ancestors, essential, to assure, reflection.

V.Insert prepositions where necessary.

1.This year the company has concentrated … improving its efficiency.

2.Art provides us … access to the world of our ancestors.

3.These clues shed light … the history.

4.… summary, a personal and emotional view of history can be presented … art.

5.It is impossible to separate art and religion … everyday activities.

6.… brief, the way in which people enjoy art depends … their culture.

7.African art had a great effect … Pablo Picasso.

8.Artistic figures … spears and boats are believed to help them reach … destination.

9.Some people enjoy the thrill of hunting … dangerous animals.

10.The ancient Egyptians worshiped … many gods.

11.The reason … the creation of cave art is a mystery.

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VI. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1.Я не могу сконцентрироваться на работе, когда я голоден.

2.Он жертва своей собственной глупости.

3.Учитель разделил детей на две группы.

4.Искусство отражает религиозные верования традиционных культур в Африке.

5.Верят, что фигурки на носу лодках помогают им достичь назначения.

6.Невозможно отделить искусство и религию от повседневной жизни в племенных культурах.

7.Наши предки могли предсказывать будущее, используя различные фигурки.

8.Боюсь, что не могу вам дать объективное мнение об этой книге, потому что я

еенаписал.

9.Спелеологи чувствуют волнение, когда обнаруживают наскальные рисунки.

10.Исламские художники украшали мечети превосходными арабесками.

11.Археологи, специализирующиеся на каменном веке, верят, что искусство было частью религиозных церемоний.

12.Искусство отражает как самые основные особенности времени и страны,

так и чувства и эмоции людей.

13.Чем глубже изучаешь культуру народа данной страны, тем лучше понимаешь

ееисторию.

14.Символические образы были созданы в «Гернике» Пабло Пикассо, чтобы показать ужасы войны.

15.В соответствии с традиционной культурой племен, некоторые объекты искусства, такие как маски, головные уборы, фигурки, создаются не только для красоты, но и для применения их в повседневной жизни.

16.Хорошо известно, что цель искусства Африки и Океании – оказывать влияние на духовные силы богов, которые являются неотъемлемой частью жизни людей этих стран.