Материал: Английский язык. основы геодезии. Методическая разработка для студентов, обучающихся по направлению 120100 «Геодезия и дистанционное зондирование». Кочнева М.Г., Карпова Л.В

IX. Вставьте пропущенные предлоги.

1. Spatial data collection is classified … two methods.

2. Experimental field personnel can check the accuracy … the work right …the field.

3. Data collection may be derived … the field … photographs and … documents.

4. Surveying is a reliable and accurate method … GIS/LIS.

5. The accuracy … surveying depends … many factors.

6. Surveying is not an economical method … areas larger than 25 acres.

X. Переведите глаголы, данные в скобках и поставьте их в правильную форму. Переведите все предложения на русский язык.

1. Photogrammic methods (используются) to map large areas.

2. Introduction of electronic theodolite (сделало) conventional surveying easier and faster.

3. All the calculations and analysis of spatial data (выполняются) from a special point.

4. (Есть) different geodetic surveying techniques, such as traditional observations, extraterrestrial processes, photogeodesy.

5. Spatial data collection for GIS/LIS (подразделяются) into primary and secondary methods.

6. Complex environmental and social problems (стоят перед) decision-makers, planners, local and federal governments.

XI. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. What is the text about?

2. What is spatial data collection?

3. What is the objective of GIS/LIS?

4. How may special data collection be classified?

5. What do primary methods of spatial data collection refer to?

6. What do secondary data of spatial data collection refer to?

7. What are geodetic surveying techniques?

8. What is terrestrial surveying?

9. What was the primary method of photographic surveying?

10. What equipment has conventional surveying made easier and faster?

11. What methods are used to map large areas?

XII. Научимся, как организовать поход в театр/кино.

Выучите следующий диалог.

1. What are you going to do this evening?

2. I am going to the Opera House.

1. What is on? (что идет?)

2. Traviatta is on.

1. What time does it start?

2. At seven o`clock.

1. How much are the tickets?

2. 500 roubles.

1. Well, that sounds good. Can I come too?

2. Certainly. With pleasure.

XIII. Составьте собственные диалоги, используя подсказы.

Tomorrow, on Sunday, on Saturday, on weekdays;

Drama Theatre, Philharmonic Society, the Circus, the Theatre of Young spectator;

Book the tickets beforehand (заказать билеты заранее).

What will you see? It `s great! (замечательно).

See you on Sunday evening (увидимся в воскресенье вечером).

XIV. Прочитайте и переведите следующий текст со словарем:

Heights.

In geodesy, point or terrain heights are "above sea level", an irregular, physically defined surface. Therefore a height should ideally not be referred to as a coordinate. It is more like a physical quantity, and though it can be tempting to treat height as the vertical coordinate z, in addition to the horizontal coordinates x and y, and though this actually is a good approximation of physical reality in small areas, it quickly becomes invalid for regional considerations.

Heights come in the following variants:

1. Orthometric heights

2. Normal heights

3. Geopotential heights

Each has its advantages ,and disadvantages. Both orthometric and normal heights are heights in metres above sea level, whereas geopotential numbers are measures of potential energy and not metric. Orthometric and normal heights differ in the precise way in which mean sea level is conceptually continued under the continental masses. The reference surface for orthometric heights is the geoid, an equipotential surface approximating mean sea level.

[Источник: Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias, URL: http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/7505 (время обращения - 21.06.2015)].

Урок 2

Фонетика: Повторение чтения буквы «I».

Текст: Construction Surveying

Упражнения

1. Прочитайте слова, обращая внимание на произношение выделенных букв:

[ai] – mine, nine, five, pine, survive, Ireland, tire, icon, time, dimension, site

[i] – pin, kiln, which, instrument, building, kingdom, distinct, description

[ә:] – first, firm, sir, girl, circle

[aiә] – tire, tied, desire, entire, simplifier.

2. Прочитайте и переведите следующие слова:

process, Earth, element, land, position, necessary, sea, lake, river, mountain, distance, need, horizontal, vertical, project, history, discovery, world, type, same

3. Прочитайте и запомните следующие слова:

1. dimensions [daɪmɛn(t)ʃ(ə)n] - измерения

2. essential [ ə`senʃəl] – важный

3. development [d`veləpmənt] – развитие, разработка

4. settlement – [setlmənt] - поселение

5. ownership of property [əʊnəʃɪp әv prɒpəti] - собственность на имущество

6. measuring [meʒərɪŋ] - измерение

7. mapping [mæpɪŋ]- топографическая съёмка

8. applied mathematics [ə1plaɪd mæθə`mætɪks] - прикладная математика

9. specialized equipment [speʃəlaɪzd ɪ`kwɪpmənt] – специализированное оборудование

10. bottom [`bɒtəm] - дно

11. bay [beɪ] - бухта, залив

12. cavern [kævən] – пещера, каверна

13. desert [dezət] - пустыня

14. angle [æŋɡəl] - угол

15. elevation differences [elɪ`veɪʃən dɪfrənsiz] – разницы высот

16. horizontal and vertical control points [hɒrɪ`zɒntəl ænd vɜ`tɪkəl ] - пункты планово-высотного обоснования

17. chart [tʃɑ`t] - карта

18. dam [dæm] - дамба, плотина

19. assignment [ə`saɪnmənt] - задание

20. infinite patience [ɪnfɪnət peɪʃns] - бесконечное, неистощимое терпение

21. at the dawn [dɔ:n] of history – на заре истории

22. If it not for… - если бы не …

23. contribution [kɒntrɪ`bju`ʃən] - вклад

24. implement [ɪmplɪment] - выполнять, осуществлять

25. throughout [θru:` aʊt|] the world – по всему миру

4. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Construction Surveying

Surveying is the process by which a surveyor measures dimensions that occur on the surface of the Earth. It has been an essential element in the development of man`s environment for many centuries from the time of the first settlements when it became necessary to establish ownership of property.

The term “earth`s surface” means all of the earth that can be explored – the bottom of seas, bays, lakes and rivers, the interior of caverns, mountains and deserts. Basically, surveying determines horizontal distances and angles, directions and elevation differences.

There are several types of surveys made for variety of purposes. The geodesists may need to establish of horizontal and vertical control points, to produce maps and charts showing relief, hydrography, the measurement of land areas, the location of road, bridge, dam and other civil engineering projects.

The purposes of land surveying are to subdivide large parcels of land into smaller ones, to determine the size and shape of existing parcels so that the deep descriptions can be written. Construction surveying is also needed for restoration of original corners of tops of ridges or bottom of valleys. It is often a difficult assignment, calling for considerable skill and infinite patience in the search for possible remains of the original corners.

Surveying was essential at the dawn of history. If it not for the contribution of surveying some of the most significant scientific discoveries could never have been implemented. Except for minor details of techniques and the use of some hand-held instruments surveying is much the same throughout the world.

[Источник: Wiki. Gis. Com, URL: http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Construction_surveying (время обращения - 21.06.2015)].

5. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is surveying?

2. When did surveying became an essential element of people`s life?

3. What does surveying include?

4. What does surveying determine?

5. What tasks may geodesists have?

6. Why do people need to establish the size of parcels of land?

7. What is the contribution of surveying to the peoples` life?

6. Составьте вопросы, ответами на которые будут фразы, представленные ниже:

1. on the surface of the Earth;

2. the position of point on or near the earth`s surface;

3. the bottom of seas, bays, lakes and rivers;

4. for restoration of original corners of different objects;

5. surveying

7. Заполните предложения следующими словами и словосочетаниями:

geodesists, measuring and mapping of land, applied mathematics, dimensions, maps and charts, difficult assignment, considerable skill, subdivide, scientific discoveries, specialized equipment:

1. The object is shown in three …

2. One of the basic tasks of surveyor is …

3. If you want to make mapping you need …

4. You need to know the bases of … to determine the position of point on the earth`s surface.

5. The main function of … is to measure dimensions that occur on the surface of the Earth.

6. In the process of land surveying you … large parcels of land into smaller ones.

7. Restoration of original courners of land is … … calling for …..

8. … … … show the relief of earth`s surface.

9. Latest … … allow to use satellite transmission of data in the process of land surveying.

8. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык:

1. Геодезическая съемка – важный элемент развития жизнедеятельности людей.

2. С помощью специального оборудования осуществляется измерение и картирование земной поверхности.

3. Геодезическая съемка определяет расстояние между такими объектами, как дно озер, рек, поверхности пещер, гор, пустынь.

4. Геодезисты создают карты для определения горизонтальных и вертикальных контрольных точек поверхности.

5. Для восстановления первоначального вида горных хребтов и поверхностей долин необходимы значительные навыки и бесконечное терпение.

6. Геодезия способствовала проведению значительных научных исследований.

7. Нас научили проводить измерения мостов, дамб, зданий и других строительных объектов.

9. Познакомьтесь с фразами, которые помогут вам забронировать номер в гостинице. Распределите данные фразы на 2 группы: 1) фразы, произносимые администратором отеля (Receptionist); 2) фразы, произносимые гостем (guest):

1. May I help you? - Я могу вам помочь?

2. I’d like to reserve a room - Я бы хотел забронировать номер.

3. I’d like a single room. - Мне нужен одноместный номер.

4. Let me check – Сейчас я проверю.

5. Are there any extra charges? - Есть ли какие-то дополнительные расходы?

6. We are all booked that night – Все номера на эту ночь заняты.

7. We have one suite available - У нас есть многокомнатный номер.

8. Would you like a smoking or a non-smoking room - Вы хотите номер для курящих или для некурящих?

9. How much is that? – Сколько это стоит?

10. That’s a little too expensive for me – Это дороговато для меня.

11. Could I have your name, please? - Как вас зовут?

12. Can I book through the Internet? - Я могу забронировать через интернет?

13. What time is the check-out? – Когда надо освободить номер?

14. Can I have your credit card number? – Скажите, пожалуйста, номер вашей кредитной карты?

15. How do you spell your last name? - Как ваша фамилия пишется по буквам?

16. We look forward to seeing you – Ждем вас с нетерпением?