Материал: Istoriia_pedahohiky

Внимание! Если размещение файла нарушает Ваши авторские права, то обязательно сообщите нам

14(5# &!)%*1A*# ( =%2% +=( -! &!2%4&( % (, . .I1 51&:% &1 ; A %=;#&( # 5# 1*', )*# ( #$% !&&' &! F%2;( !&&' "%A% % %=# % . %:!-% %G ,+%;( )*!& ;%6&! !6! # )% + “+-=”, ': " =!A! % 1)*#$ * :!-!&% )2% )14!A%A .

#&' :% % !6*# ( 2%*+ ( )2! #*+&%;( #$% !&& *G4# !2! 2#A%2% #5 4 %4# ;’/, )%=%6&% ! # ' 4% 6 &:#-;! 12 : “ *% % ;! # – 1*#:1, &!":2!C1

*% %!”. *#=%:%G )% !A%G 4% ;! 12-2(4 , )2%"&' =!A! % "%A% %2 (“#- ”, “! :* B”, “ ” ! &.).

!-%; - ,#;, &! %2 &:!$ %2 !2! ! 2#A%2% #5! -%=2!61& ;’/, ( ':#$ #$% ( !*# + &12%=#, 1A%/ #. A% 2% ! #2#5&%;( )*!& )%:!-!& =! +:#,

)214 ! :# 1214&$ 12 ( ) *+ !, ': =(4+-':#;# -! %=!;# &!;!A!*# ' 1 # %/$ 4 1" ( “ #C#"” . !:, ( )’L “! + ” & # ; GL

% :!, :% 2#" &!;!A!L + ' 4! # %G 4%5:( !*G -! !2%A%, !*1 =!A! %A% )%*:% :!.

& &% )# ! I1 51&:% )2% #$ ;! 12-!2# %:2! %:, ': =1-4)% 4!*+&% ! #*# + 4% #$% !&&' %/$ 4 1".

!4-#5!"&% 1*#:( ( !A( . .I1 51&:% &!4! ! 2(4% %;( #$% !&&G. *+:#)2!, *G4#&! ;%61 -&!" # )2! 6&L -!4% %*1&&', %;( %&! )% #&&! -!";! # 4%; &(G51 ; ,1 6# :%6&%A%. 4&!: & 2%-2-&' )2!,G, ':! -!4% %*+&'L )% 21=# 2(4'C#$, )2!,G, C% # &!6(L 4 ':%/ %A&( + ; *+"% -&14%*1$.

. .I1 51&:% %/$ 2D!$, )% '$, 42!;!$, 1) %*'2& " )!4C#& # *% # =!A! % , :! #$ 4(;%: )2% % ( #$% !&&', )2% 2%*+ ;’/ !&% *1&& ;%*%4%/ *G4#.

4 : &1,+ %A% 6# ' )%1 - 1*#:#; 1& (-!-;%; -( 2 -:( )2% )%' ( &14 *+$ D: *, =% " )2! 4 , % =( !6*# #" :2%: ( =%2% += -! )%D#21&&' % # 1214 2(4'C#$. %:*!4!G5# 1*#: &!4 / &! &14 *+& D:%*#, I1 51&:% &!;!A! ' &!4! # /; *':( ) 4 2#;:(. !:, ( 1860 2%, 1 12=(2- &, 2!-%; - &D#;#

)# +;1&:!;#, # ()# &! * 12! (2&%;( 15%2 &! :%2# + &14 *+$ D: *. & 21A(*'2&% )1214! ! /; 5! #&( %/$ :%D ) *' 21!*-!, / #4!&+ “# >+”.

*# !$ 4% . % %;!2% ! ! . !*%A% I1 51&:% ) 4:21 *G ! , C%

&1%=$4&% %2# # )1, !*+& ) 42(5:# 4*' ,#$ D: *. !; & -' ' -! &!)# !&&' %4&%A% - $ – “ 'D- ”, -!: &5# 2%=% ( &!4 1860 2%, , 61 '6:% $%2#;. “ ” =( #4!" ( : *+:% 10 # . )2#; 2:

( !2 + – 3 :%) ":#). +%A% : *+:!&!4,' + %2 &%: &!2!$% (L ,' :ɧ:!, !*1 ,1

“)2%C!*+&! *1=14#&! ) &' &!D%A% &!, %&!*+&%A% A1& '”.

( &!2%4# ' 4 (16) 2! &' 1817 2%:( 1* S2! , :%*#D&+%/ %2%&1-+:%/ A(=12& / ( 2%4#& 2% " +:%A% )%; C#:! (:2!/&:#-:2 )!5:#.

1833 2%, D &!4,' #2 5" % %;!2% ()# 4% !2: +:%A% (& 12 # 1 (. %=*# % "%A% -!, :! #*% !:1 )# !&&': “ %;( ,1 ($ %2 '$ %)% 4!G + )2% #4! $ 4126! $ 4 '5 , &%4 )2% -!:% ! ( !&% #, !*1 & =# % &1$(G + 6# '; &!2%4&%/ ;! # ?”.

*' -!: &51&&' (& 12 # 1 ( 1837 2%, ;%*%4#" . % %;!2% 2%-)%5! # 51&&' (:2!/& +:%A% F%*+:*%2(. ( 4%=( F%*+:*%2# #:! 1 &%A2!F ' ;!"61 % % %6&G !*# +.

!2 % 4-&!5# #, C% 61 %" 5! % %;!2% 2%-A*'4! 12; & “&!2%4” &1 *+:# 1 & 5&%, ! " %, !*+&%. & !6! , C% &!2%4 – ,1 “(=%A#" ;(6#:, -1;*12%=- 2(4 :”. 61 !;1 ,1 2%-(; &&' )%&' ' “&!2%4” &1 ;%A*% &1 )2# 1 # 4% * 4:! 4% !:%A% 46121*! # 51&&' %2 /, ': F%*+:*%2 ! 1 &%A2!F '.

*' &1 4!5 - )12D%G ;!A 12 +:%G 4# 12 !, LG . % %;!2% &1 )2#)# %L/ &!(:% %/ 4 '*+&% , -%:21;!, ': 4% * 4: ! -=#2!5 &!2%4&%/

111

%25% . ! )!:#, 4*' 42(A%/ ;!A 12 +:%/ 4# 12 !, / & %=2! C1 = *+D &1-#5!"&( ; *# ( &! %" 5! 1;(: “> B * +-B- : - -: T+”. # 12 !, ' . % %;!2% !, ': )%:!-(L !;! // &!-!, L )2%=%G

#:%2# ! # &!2%4& ) & ': &!" !6*# D1 46121*% 4*' # 51&&' %2 / &!2%4(.)# :( 46121* 4% "%A% 4# 12 !, /, :2 ; ;!"61 $ &! %" 5! %)(=* :% !$ (:2!/& +:#$, 2% " +:#$ )%*+ +:#$ 42(:% !$ -= 2: , ; C1& " 4 2(:%)# & F%*+:*%2& -= 2:#: )2# 1-1&! 21-&1 +:#; - !*#5# -= 2:! -!$4&%(:2!/& +:#$ :%*'4%: . 21,+:%A% (33 -2!-:#) *! &! &1%)(=* :% !&!

1*#:! -= 2:! (:2!/& +:%/ &!2%4&%/ ) 1&&% ()%&!4 500 -2!-: ).

. % %;!2% C1 1843 2%, &!)# ! ! G “ ; --0 - - -: =D- : T+”. , " ! 51" 4% * 46(L (:2!/& +:

1 &'&:#, )1 2 +: :()!*+ +: ) & -! )% ()% #; 2%-# :%; )%5( ;%*%4 ()121 !6&% 4 %5%/), )%5#&!G5# - )12D#$ &1' $ )12145( :%$!&&' 4% 2%-4(;( !&+ )2% D*G= %C%.

1844 2%, . % %;!2% 41':#" 5! )2%6# ! &! %*#& , #:*!4! %2 G

A ;&!-/ ; ! &1. !G5# &! ;1 # 5! # &!2%4& ) & " -#5!/ %2#5$ ) &'$ :2!/ & -!)# ! !; =!A! % ) 1&+. %:21;!, 2'4 !& #:2 )% ,+:#$ ) 1&+ )2% *! &%A% &!2%4&%A% A12%', :12 :! -=2%"&%/ =%2% +=# 1*'& )2% #

:2 )% : &! %4 ** – #;! !2;1*G:!.

-& D1 . % %;!2% )#D1 ;%&%A2!F G “ - * <”, ':! L )2%=%G 4% * 461&&' ; F%*%A / ( !2%4! &$ *% '& &! % &% )# !$ 46121*, C% -=121A*# ' 1214&+% 5& " * 12! (2 , !, % %=*# %, ( $, ': )%=( ( !*# &!2%4$ 2!4#, '$ *% '& +:#$ &!2%4 , -%:21;!, (:2!/& +:%A% 2% " +:%A%.

!2! % , :(4# . % %;!2% ! =(*% -! *!&% 1847 2., & )2%4% 6( !

&!(:% ( 1 &%A2!F 5&( 2%=% (, -=#2! F%*+:*%2& ;! 12 !*#, &! ,1" 2!- 2% " +: . *1 51" &1 -!=( (:2!/& +:#$ 4% * 461&+. 1859 2. & #4! “!-S-, >--S +-: B S- : >- 1844 “. = 2:!

; # + 202 ) & , )121 !6&! 5! #&! ':#$ -!)# !&! &! %*#& ; L ( -!)# # - %* ! C#, !2: C#, #/ C# !*#5#. A%4%; . % %;!2% )#D1 :A( )2% %A4!&! ;1*+,+:%A%, ': " #:%2# ! &!2%4&( %25 +, %= %G ! )2#&,#) &!2%4&% .

1*#51-&( 2%=% ( #:%&! . % %;!2% ( ,!2#& # 51&&' &!, %&!*+&%A% =!A! ! (:2!/& +:%A% &!2%4( – &!2%4$ 4(;. !;1 - %A*'4( &! ,1 "%A% ;%&%A2!F ' “ - K*-; :” L % %=*# % , & -=2!&&'; #-%*+&%/ A12%/5&%-)! 2 % #5&%/ )%1-/, 41 -&!$%4#;% =!A! % 2 4: $, 2%-D(:!$ . % %;!2% #; )12D1 %)(=* :% !$ 4(;. *' )2#:*!4( ;%6&! :!-! # ' :2! % )! 2 % #5&( 4(;( “ - ;”, C% , :! % !2 GL *! &%-"

%=2!- !2( %A( *! :#; $(4%6&+%-!*1A%2#5&( A% 2%-%, !*+&( 4(;( “”; %2#A &!*+&( 214!:, G 4(;# “# + ; D”, ': " % ) (L + '

-*#41&&1 &( !&&' :%-!:!-&1 'A# %C%.

%25 + . . % %;!2% ! ;%6&! !6! # )2! 6& ; )%4 #A%;, =12(5# 4% ( !A# '6: (;% # "%A% 4 '*+&% . & )12D#; (:2!/& +: " &!(, % % %6

%2 G *G4 ! - %2 LG !;%A% &!2%4(.

( P =( &1 *+:# 4%;#; (:2!/& +:#; )# +;1&:%;, ! " )2% # 1*1;. *' 4:2# ' #/ +:%A% (& 12 # 1 ( . %*%4#;#2! . (* D -!)# ! ' )%5! :( &! F *%*%A 5", ! -A%4%; &! G2#4#5" F!:(*+ 1 , 41 *($! *1:, / )2%F1 %2! . !: #;% #5!. !6: ;! 12 !*+& (;% # &1 4%-%*#*# . (* D( -!: &5# # &! 5!&&'. ! 21:%;1&4!, LG . !: #;% #5! ( 1842 2%, "%A% )2#-&!5#*# &! )% !4( 5# 1*' ( 4 %2'& +: " D:%* &! %4%* . ,1" 5! & =!A! % )%4%2%6( ! )% #/ C#& , -!)# ! 5#;!*% ) 1&+, *1A1&4, )121:!-. ! 1843–1844 22. 2#)!4!G + )%5! :# 42(6&$ % (&: . (* D! - .I1 51&:%;, . *%-12 +:#;

112

! &D#;# )1214% #;# (:2!/& +:#;# & 1* A1& !;# %A% 5! (, ':#" L4&!*# =*!A%2%4& , * “ #4 #A&( # 2 4&( &!, G - 4($% &%A% -!&1)!4(”, 42%461&&' (:2!/& +:%/ &!, %&!*+&%/ :(*+ (2#. $%5! ( : &, 1845 2%:( . (* D )121/$! 4% 1 12=(2A!, 41 %4126! )% !4( 5# 1*' 2% " +:%/ ;% # 4*' (41& – &%-1;, )2# (& 12 # 1 , & )2%4% 6( ! & -’'-:# - #2#*%-1F%4 / +:#; 2! %;. ! 21:%;1&4!, LG 1 12=(2-+:%/ :!41; / !(: . (* D ( 1847 2%, #/$! ( &!(:% 1 42'461&&' -! :%24%&. 1-!=!2%;, ( -’'-:( - 2%-A2%;%; =2! !, =( -!!21D % !" ( !2D! " ( '-&1" 1 2%)! *% +: " F%2 1, . *' -!: &51&&' * 4 ! -! *!" 4% (*#. 4 5! %A% )121=( !&&' &! -! *!&& (* D 4(61 =!A! % 5# !L, % %=*# % ( !6&% (4 GL %2# J.-J. ( %, )2% # 1*+ +:

41/ ':%A% -A%4%; -&!"D*# %L )* 4&1 *1&&' ( )%4!*+D " %25% ( )1214( ; ,1 % (L + ' "%A% -&!;1 #$ “$ + 0” $( 2 +:%/ F *% %F / ( , *%;().

A%4%; )% 12&( ' 4% 1 12=(2A!, 41 2%-)%5! !: # &( * 12! (2&( ! #4! ( 4 '*+& +. ! :%2% :#" 5! #4! “% *” ! 40 41D1 #$ :%: ) 4 -!A!*+&%G &!-%G “ > >”.

4:2# !L + ' (:2!/& +:! “% *” . (* D! ()&%G ! 1G )2% !& D: *+&%/ )2! # &! :2!/& . % ; 4( + !-=(:!, ;!*1&+:! !-=(:!, )2%)# &! !-=(:!, 2 5&! (2'4:% !) !-=(:!, :2# ! ()2%)# &!) !-=(:! ! )%2!4# 5# 1* ()2% )2%2# " -(: “b” 4*' )%-&!51&&' 124% ( *% !$: b!&%:, b(4-#:). %2 -!*#D!L !*F! * 12# “a” ! “b” %;(, C% % &( !*# ( ,12:% $ 1: !$, - ':#;# #:!*# ' (5& . !* )%4!L + ' 2%-2%=:! D1 # (2%: 4*' -! %L&&' :*!4 .

1*#:! -! *(A! . (* D! )%*'A!L ( #2%=*1&& (:2!/& +:%A% )2! %)# (, C% 4%;#" ) 4 &!-%G “9”. *' %21&&' L4#&%/ &%2;# . (* D -!)2%)%&( !

)2%C1" )2! %)# (:2!/& +:%/ ;% #, -' D# -! % &% ( )%* ! +:%-5#A#2#& +:#"

4 !*1: .

; “% *” )2';% !" &! #$% !&&' ( 4 1" *G=% 4% 2 4&%A% :2!G, &!2%4(, "%A% %2 / :(*+ (2#. *' 4% 'A&1&&' , L/ ;1 # . (* D ) 4 =2! -; % & 4#4!: #5& 1: #: %)% 4!&&' )2% *! &1 ;#&(*1 (:2!/& +:%A% &!2%4(, 4%;% )2% #4! $ %2#5$ % =, (2# :# - )!;’' %: :(*+ (2# F%*+:*%2(.

!)2#: &, %A% 6# ' . (* D =!A! % )2!,G ! , 4=!G5# )2% )%D#21&&' % # &! :2!/& . & -!*#D# 1*#51-&( :(*+ (2&( )!4C#&(, ': A*#=%:#" )(=* ,# * 12! (2" :2# #:, %2#A &!*+" F *% %F, %2#:, )2% # 1*+, )21:2! " )121:*!4!5.

+ , (0,8 /0 6 +'+ 2 4 4 .

(F “ * - ” “ * -B-0 + , *B 0- *” 1804 .)

& & G

<- B J: 1*#:1 (4 2%:#

&! 5!&&'); ;!*1 (2 2%:# &! 5!&&') *-+ (6 2%: &! 5!&&') 4 !

A#$ :*! # )2#2 &G !*# ' 4%

)% % %A% (5#*#C!

- : -

4 & & G

<- B J (1 2 : &! 5!&&')B J (2 2%:# &! 5!&&')

*-+ (4 2%:# &! 5!&&')

K : -

$% !

1.(*+ (2&%-)2% ,+:! 4 '*+& + #2#*%-1F%4 / +:%A% =2! !.

2.2A!&-!, ' &! 5!&&' . ($&% #5!.

3.&%A2!F 5& " 1 &%)14!A%A 5& )%A*'4# . % %;!2% !.

4.&' 4 '*+& + “2( +:%/ 2 ", ”.

113

5. &!*- „ (: !2' G6&%2( :%A%” . I1 51&:!.

% % $ $%

1.=b2(& ( ! # ;1 ( 4 '*+&% 5*1& “2( +:%/ 2 ", ”.

2.A!4!" 1 % &% & ) 42(5:# 4*' )%5! :% %/ D:%*# (:2!/& +:#$ -1;*'$ ( 1214#&! .).

3.5%;( )%*'A!G + &% !, / ( “ 2!;! , ” . (* D!?

4.A!4!" 1 %2#A &!*+&( 1$&%*%A G &! 5!&&' ( “ !2%4& " )14!A%A ,...”

. ($&% #5!.

1. “ (: !2 S6&%2( +:#"” &!)# ! : ) .$>-; ; >) K.& B ; ) .A B-; ) . A 9 B.

2.%2 “ 2!;! :#”: ) $. /-; >) .$>-; ; ) .# <; ) .# 9.

3.%2%; (:2!/& +:%/ “ # !&:#” ( !*#5#& ( .) L: ) . 0-B; >) . A 9 B; ) O. $; :; ) . B.

4.42(5: 4*' )%5! :% %A% &! 5!&&' 1&,#:*%)14#5&%A% ( (5! &%G ;% %G –

& 1A2% !&%A%) -; ( ,1: ) “% * ”; >) “ 'D- :”; ) “N-”.

114

& 2.4. 14!A%A 5&! &!(:! 42(A%/ )%*% # %* ' ( !2 &! %, &:! ;%4(*' – 5 =.).

.

1.L B- - #. 9- . B-.

2.*-:- + =-.

3.#. 9- : ; 0-- =-.

4.-;- - 0-- #. 9- .

5.: * B -B-- #. 9- .

6.#. 9- : B .

' :

1.D#& +:#" . . 2% &!2%4& + ( A2%;!4 +:%;( #$% !&& . – .2. – .69–167.

2.D#& +:#" . . 2!,' // ) #$5&%;( #$% &%;( -&!51&& . – .2. – .333–362.

3.D#& +:#" . . 4&1 *% %. – .2. – .554–575.

4.D#& +:#" . . G4#&! ': )214;1 #$% !&&'. – .8. – .11–61, 267–281.

5.D#& +:#" . . 14!A%A 5&! )%4%2%6 )% I 1",!2 /. – .3. – .87–104.

6.1 : +:#" . . %2 ' )14!A%A :#. – 2-1 #4. 4%). – .: 1& 2 &! 5.*-2#, 2005.

7.2! 1,+ . . %2 ' (:2!/& +:%/ D:%*# )14!A%A :#: (2 *1:, ". – 12&%) *+, 1994.

8.

%2 ' )14!A%A :# /-! 214. . . 1 : :+%A%, . . (=! 1&G:/. – J# %;#2, 2003.

9.

G=!2 . . ! &. %2 ' (:2!/& +:%/ )14!A%A :# /-! 214. . . 1*+;!$% #5!. – .:

 

, 2000.

(')*+ '+ , , /0 2

“ ”, , ! , ,

– ( ) ( ).

1. . . .

# > < B- -.

2 =121-&' 1824 2. ( % 3 P & &!2%4# ' ;. (* . 1840 2%, & ()!L 4% % :% +:%A% (& 12 # 1 ( &! G2#4#5" F!:(*+ 1 .

1844 2%, , 21-2 5 G&!:%;, D#& +:#" =*# :(51 -!: &5(L (& 12 # 1 % 2#;(L -!)2%D1&&' )% # ; ,1 )2%F1 %2! ( 1;#4 +:%;( * ,1/ ;.@2% *! *'. 2% 1 )1214 #;, ': )2# ()# # 4% #:%&!&&' %/$ )2%F1 %2 +:#$ %=% ’'-: , . D#& +:#" C1 4 ! 2%:# )2% ( % :% +:%;( (& 12 # 1 , A% (G5# + 4% ;!A 12 +:%A% 1:-!;1&(.

1846–1849 22. . D#& +:#" )2!,GL @2% *! +:%;( * ,1/ )2%F1 %2%; :!;12!*+$ &!(:.

1954 2%, . D#& +:#" 4 !L )% !4( #:*!4!5! 2% " +:%/ ;% # ! & )1: %2! :*! ( ! 5#& +:%;( #2 +:%;( & # ( , 41 )2!,G ! 4% 5&' 1859

2.( D#2%:% )2%' #*# ' "%A% %2A!&-! %2 +: )14!A%A 5& -4 =&% .

1857–1858 22. “L- - ” . D#& +:#" %)(=* :( ! ! “ B-/ ”, “ *- 9 ”, “ - -

-* 0--”,A- < * -B-: &* ; ” -.

D#& +:#" (61 =( 4%;#" ': #-&!5" )14!A%A-21F%2;! %2 %;( "%A%

-!)2%D(G + &! )% !4( & )1: %2! ;%*+&%A% & # ( ( D*'$1 $ 4 5! . %4&%5! & )2!,G ! 214!: %2%; “L- - - - J- ”, ':%;( 1860–1862 22. %)(=* :( ! ! : “ ; // 0 B-* 0-* +-B--”, “!- 9 ”, “-- - - 9 ”, “- , “ B / *-/”.

1862 2%, . D#& +:#" -;(D1" =( -!*#D# # 2%=% ( ;%*+&%;( & # ( , =% -; , ': & & ( &! 5!*+&%-#$% " )2%,1 , )2# 1*# 4%

115

Источник: https://studfile.net/preview/16410002/