$% !
1.%, %:(*+ (2& 5#&:# #:&1&&' % # ( #/ +: " ( .
2.%2 &'*+" !&!*- !$4&%L 2%)1" +:%/ % # ! % # #/ +:%/ ( ()%5..).
3.2!4#, "&! # 1;! #$% !&&' 4 1" ( #/ +: " ( ( – .).
4.# 1;! +:%/ 4($% &%/ % # ( #/ +: " ( ( – .).
% % $ $%
1.5%;(, &! !D( 4(;:(, )%*'A!L %=;161& + % # ( &!")%D#21& D#$ D:%*!$ #/ +:%/ ( ?
2.% 14 +, 5%;( 4 2,1 ! D:%*! #/ +:%/ ( =(*! &!")21 #6& D#; -!:*!4%; K 2%)#?
3.5%;( )%*'A!L !&!$2%&-; ( &! 5!&& ,#F2!; (* 5= ) ( #/ +: " ( ?
4.% 14 +, 5%;( ($% &! !:!41; ' ( #L %-1512 +:! ! 2!) . -!=1-)15( !*! #C( A(;!& !2&( % ( ;%*%4 ?
1. I:%*! “:&%A% &! 5!&&'” #/ +:%/ ( ;!*! ! ( :
) *- -/ 9 ; >) 9 J- -; ) -/ 9 .
2. !" 2# A2!;% # – ,1:
) B , J ;= ; 0 9 0; >) * -, J + :* -B--* * - -* * *; ) B-; , J + :* * - =- = + * + * -B * .
3. ! &% :%; 5#-&'&%/ )14!A%A :# !6!L + ':
) -- % 9-:; >) -; ) * -* 0.
4.=!: – ,1: ) 9 * ; >) - *-, * + B # / / ; ) - 0-; .
5.&% &%G F%2;%G &! 5!&&' ( #/ +: " ( =(*!:
) ; >) - -B-; ) - -.
76
& 2.2. ! )14!A%A 5&! &!(:! 1 !)( (:2!/& +:%A% 42%461&&' ( V-V %* ') ( !2 &! %, &:! ;%4(*' – 5 =.).
VIII
(XV–XV)
1.!A!*+&! $!2!: 12# #:! :(*+ (2# " % # (:2!/& +:%A% 42%461&&'.
2.#:&1&&' =2! +:#$ D: *. 2%-+:! !:!41; '.
3.'*+& + :%-!,+:#$ D: * :2!/& ( 5% , )%*:% , ;(-#5& !
&.)
4.# 1;! #$% !&&' *#,!2'-:%-!:!.
5.! 5!*+& (4 / " 4 '*+& + A2%;!4 +:#$ %=’L4&!&+ (41& ( #L %- %A#*'& +: " :!41; /.
' :
1.& %*%A#' )14!A%A#51 :%" ;a *# :2!#& :%" . – ., 1989.
2.& %&% #5 :2!/& +:! :(*+ (2!: *1:, ' 4&% ! . “I:%*! " % ! &! :2!/& ”. – .: #= 4+, 1993. – .40–71.
3.%-# %: &!2%4&%/ % # )14!A%A 5&%/ 4(;:# &! :2!/& : &!2# #. / ! 214. . .@2;!51&:!. – ., !4. D:., 1991.
4.2! 1,+ . %2 ' :2!/& +:%/ D:%*# )14!A%A :#. – 12&%) *+, 1994.
5.2%=’'-:% . . :2!/& +:! &!, %&!*+&! D:%*!: # %:# (5! & +. – .: :!41; ', 1997.
6.1 : +:#" . . %2 ' )14!A%A :#. – 2-1 #4. 4%). – .: 1& 2 &! 5.*-2#, 2005.
7. G=!2 . . ! &. %2 ' (:2!/& +:%/ )14!A%A :# /-! 214. . . 1*+;!$% #5!. – .: , 2000.
8.=2(L ! . ., # &! . S. %2 ' )14!A%A :# ( $1;!$, :!2 !$, 4 !A2!;!$: ! 5!*+" )% =:. – (;#: (; , 2000.
(')*+ '+ , , /0 2
& , # , 3 4 ! , -5 , ! , , , , 0 , , 6 , 7 , , “8 ”, – ! , , , , - , , '- - , , , , , " , 5 , "-/ " .
1.
12 %4 V– 1214# V . $!2!: 12#-( ! ' )%4%*!&&'; F1%4!*+&%/ 2%-42%=*1&% , - %4&%A% =%:(, )121=( !&&' ) 41&&%--!$4$ -1;1*+ :2!/ ( :*!4 %*+C , # #, A%2C# %*4! /, )% #*1&&'; F1%4!*+&%A% 21* A "&%A% A& (, - &D%A% =%:(, C% &1A! # &% )%-&!5#*% + &! 2%-# :% (:2!/& +:%/ :(*+ (2#; 42(A! )%*% #&! V – 4% 1214# V . – ,1 )12 %4, :%*# 4=( ! ' D #4:#" 2%-# %: 21;1 1* %2A * , )% #*G !*! + 2%*+ ; , )1214( ; ': 1:%&%; 5$ :(*+ (2$ ,1& 2 , -2% !*! &!, %&!*+&! !;% 4%; +, !& #F1%4!*+&! #-%*+&! =%2% +=! &!2%4$ ;! . ! $ ,#$ 1 !)!$ F%2;( !*! ' (:2!/& +:! &!2%4& +, ( 1246( !*! ' # 1;! #$% !&&'.
77
2! # D# " :(*+ (2" , ( =%2% += - ;%&A%*%-! !2 +:%G &! !*%G, #/ +:! ( +, // (:2!/& +: -1;* , !*# -4%=#55G *# % +:#$, )%*+ +:#$ (A%2 +:#$ F1%4!* .
61 - 1214# XV %* ' (:2!/& +:1 *+&1 6# ' )2#)#*% ' )%5!*! ' =%2% +=! )2% # *# % +:#$ :&'- &! 21* A "& " % &% , % : *+:# *# % , )2#"&'*# :! %*#,+:( 2( )%*': , C% !*% )%5! :%; &1C!4&%A% %, !*+&%A%, 21* A "&%A%, :(*+ (2&%A% A&%=*1&&' (:2!/&, .
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“N ”, “ ””. @: 2!& D1, &!" #-&!5& D! * 12! (2! -=12 A!*! ' )2# ;%&! #2'$, $%5! 5#-&'&%/ ;!"61 &1 - ' *'*% '.
42# (:2!/& +:%/ -&! 4 % &% &%/ ;! # &! 1*1&&', #2%461&&', )2#; #-!, ' )2! % *! &%A% 4($% 1& ! )2#5#*# A!*+;( !&&' 2%-# :( (:2!/& +:%/ :(*+ (2#. % ; =(*! 4 ( &' &! :2!/& &!, %&!*+&! 1214&' #C! % !. %*%&-!, ' (:2!/& +:%A% &!2%4( &!=(*! 1*#:%A% 2%-;!$(. ! !;1 :%*%& !*+" A& 2%-=(4# &!, %&!*+&( 4%; + (:2!/&, .
12D1 &!, %&!*+&1 42%461&&' :2!/ XV –XV . )%5!*% ' - %2A!&-!, / ; +:#$ =2! , %2G !$ )2! % *! # ; C!&!;# ! D*'$%G, 4($% # % %=!;# :%-!:!;#, ': ! #*# %/; -! 4!&&'; 2%-# %: A2%;!4'& +:%/ 4%;% , -4%=( ' ! %$%2%&( )2! &!2%4(. )2%A21 # &% &! 2%L& ;1D:!&, 4%=21 2%-(; *#, C% =*!A%2%4& " ;1 &!":2!C1 *(A( ! #;1 % !, %= % D:%*!.
6 6% &' 1596 2. 4=( ' 121 1" +:#" %=%2, 21-(*+ ! %; ':%A% !*% ) 4)# !&&' (& / - #;%;, C% 4%-%*#*% -=121A # (;% !$ *! #&-!, / ! )%*%&-!, / $4" %=2'4, )2%=(4# # &!, %&!*+&( 4%; + (:2!/&, , -!$# # # (:2!/& +:( ;% (, %2# # (;% # 4*' )%' # &!, %&!*+&%/ & 1* A1&, /. ' (& ' 4!*! &!2%4% &!, %&!*+&( ,12: (, &!, %&!*+& (& ! +: D:%*#. & ! +: D:%*# %2 L& ( !*# ' &! -!$4&( )14!A%A :( 4! !*# 4*' %A% 5! ( &1)%A!& -&!&&'; &! 5!&&' )2% %4#*% ' 2 4&%G ;% %G.
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
“ ! 2( %*G!” – =(*% A! *%; &!D%A% 1214&+% 55'. ! 4':# ( 4%;*1&&G , L/ 41/ )%5#&!L + ' %21&&' =(4 1*+$ :%;)*1: , ': :*G5!*# ,12: (, D:%*(, 42(:!2&G, D)# !*+; (2=( ! # ' )2% $ !*% %=% '-:%;. !:#; 5#&%;, 4($% & +, )2% !, ;%2!*+& +, :*! D# &12%-2# &( 2#L4& +, *'A*# ) 4;(2:%; 5#-&'&%A% 1&1 !& (.
78
2.
! -*!; XV –XV %* + ( &!D%;( D: *+, 4=( !G + ' -&!5& -; . 4 )*# %; -!$4$ 15 " – A(;!&-;(, 21F%2;!, / – ! L-(/ +:%/ D:%*#, 2%-=(46(L + ' )2!A&1&&' 4% #C%/ % #, )% 21=! ) 4&' # 2 1&+ -&!&+. %*# %A%5! & )2%A21 # & (:2!/& +: 4 '5 2%-; 2:% ( !*# &!4 )2#5#&!;# -!&1)!4( (:2!/& +:%/ :(*+ (2# " 4126! #, % )%5! %: *#$! =!5#*# %;(, C% &1 =(*% 4%=2#$ D: *.
% -!:*!4# #:!*# ': )%5! :% : % ;!*# )% 2# :*! # – &F ;#, A2!;! #:#, #& !: # (. 12D( D:%*( =(*% 4:2# % &! :%D # :#/ +:%A% %L %4# :&'-' . 2%-+:%A% ( (2% (1572), 4!* – ( %*%4#;#2-%*#& +:%;( (1577), 2%- (1576). &'-+ -!)2%)%&( ! ( ,#$ D:%*!$ # 51&&' &1 *+:# *% '& +:%/ ;% #, !*1 " A21,+:%/ ! *! #& +:%/. 5# 1*';# =(*# ': )2! % *! & A21:#, !: )2% 1 !& #. 5#*# ' ( 4 # D*'$#, 1*'& +: . , L/ D:%*# #"D*#
. ;% 2#,+:#", . %&!D1 #5-!A!"4!5", . %21,+:#". 42(:!2& |
2%-+:%/ |
|
D:%*# =(*# #4!& )12D! )% &! 2%-+:! |
=* ' (1581), )12D! |
A2!;! #:! |
,12:% &% *% ’'& +:%/ ;% #, 2# #4!&&' “N ” ! -:! )%*1; 5&%/ |
||
* 12! (2# &! -!$# )2! % *! &%/ 2#. |
2%-+:( D:%*( “:%*1A (;%;”, |
|
! + )2#$#*+:# :! %*#,#-;( &!-# !*# |
||
% : *+:# %&! &1 %=;16( !*! + # 51&&'; “ *+$ ;# 1, ”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
" % 2 1*% )121=2! ' &! :2!/&(.
1-)1215&%, 4 '*+& + :&'-' . 2%-+:%A% -! *(A% (L ( !A#, !*1 !:#$ ;1,1&! =(*% 4(61 ;!*%. !A&! # &1 ) 4 2#;!*# )%5#&!&&' :&'-'.
! )%5! :( XV . ;1216! 1214&$ D: * !*! 4% # + A( %G, % %=*# % &! -!$4$ -1;*'$. 121;#D*+, %A! #&, !*#5, %2%4%:, %;!2&%, !;% +, %*;, G=* &, 121 +, #& +:, (,+:, !; '&1,+ &! %4 ** – , ; ! -! &( !*# 1=1 A21,+:%-*% '& +: D:%*#. ! -; %; 2 &1; % # ,1 =(*# 1214& D:%*#, C% 4! !*# 4% # + # %:( &! %" 5! -!A!*+&( % (, C% &1 )% ()!*! ' D:%*!; !$4&%/ K 2%)#. ! %2A!&-!, LG 6 &! 5!&&' 2%-)%2'4:%; D: *+&%A% 6# ' =2! +: D:%*# )121 12D( !*# -!$4&%L 2%)1" +:( D:%*( %A% 5! (. ! )%5! :( XV . = *+D% =2! +:#$ D: * !*! !&% *G ! # ' :*! &%-(2%5&! # 1;! -!&' +. 5=% #" 2 : ! )%5#&! # ' 1*# %)!4! !=% 1 A2(4&', =(*# 141& * & :!& :(*# (*#)1&+ – 12)1&+), (5& !*# 4 *# # ' &! :*! #. % &% ( &! 5!&&' A2!;% # =( )%:*!41" =(: % :*!4!*+" ;1 %4. )2! * &&' =2! +:#;# D:%*!;# =(*% )%=(4% !&% -! 41;%:2! #5 )2#&,#)%;: 21: %2 (5# 1* ,#$ D: * #=#2!*# ' &! -!A!*+$ -=%2!$ =2! !, )2#5%;( 4% %=2!&&' 41': :!&4#4! # )% #&& =(*# #:*! # %/ 41%*%A 5& ! )14!A%A 5& )%A*'4#. ! 5!&&' D:%* =(*% )*! , $%5 &!"= 4& D#; &!4! !*! + 4%)%;%A!.
1-!6!G5# &! 1, C% &1 =2! +: D:%*# )%:!-!*# 6# L-4! & + " 4% A% 5& +, % # %:% ) 4&'*# 2 1&+ &!D%A% :(*+ (2&%A% 6# ': - $ #"D*! )12D! (:2!/& +:! & 1* A1&, '.
79
3. ( , ,.)
1652 2%, %A4!& ;1*+,+:#" #4! (& 12 !* )2% %2A!&-!, G )2# :%=-!2 +:#$ ,1$!$ D: * )% ) 4A% % , :%=-!2 , * 2: -' /$ ) 4 %G %) :(. 1 =(*#, )% ( , )12D ;(-#5& D:%*# &! :2!/& .
5# 1*';# )2!,G !*# :%-!:#-:%=-!2 , C% -! :%; 5# - &D#$ )2#5#& &1 ;%A*# %*%4 # -=2%LG. !&' ' - (5&';# % )2% %4#*# &4# 4(!*+&%. #D1 %4 , :%*# G&!: ; A !;% "&% %2# # ;# 1,+:#" 2, & 4 ! ! )2! % ) ! # *G4';. %;( :%=-!2 5! % =(*# )%1 !;#, :%;)%-# %2!;#. 4A% % :! /$ ;!*! 1*#:1 -&!51&&' 4*' :%-!,+:%A% " +:!. 2! ) 4& ;!*! -!)%2%6, &! = " - %2%A%;, :%=-!2 * 2:# 2%-&% #*# *! ( )2% )%4 #A# :%-!: )% " :2!/& .
1214:%; % # V . =( -#5!"&% #/ ; !*1 D:%*# =(*# ( 12& A% , % A%2%4-12 +:(, %5!L , ! (2#& ! &.
! *% *1) +:#", :% 2#" 1652 2%, /$! 5121- :2!/&( ( % : ( )#D1, C% :%-!,+: ;!*'2# &! 5#*# + 4 F2!&: *'$ ;!*G ! # :%.
%-!,+: D:%*# 4 '*# ( )%*:% #$ % 1&$ ; !$ ; 15:!$ :2!/. ! 12# %2 / %=1216&%/ :2!/ 4% 42(A%/ )%*% # V . 4 ' !4; & 2! # &%- 12# %2 !*+" )%*:% #" ( 2 " &! 5%* - A1&12!*+&%G !2D#&%G (A1 +;!&%;). ! 4!# 21-"$ :A, ( 1;# )%*:!$ %=12166' =(*% 866 )%*:% #$ D: *: ( 6#& +:%;( – 217, (=1& +:%;( – 172, 12& A +:%;( – 154, 121' *! +:%;( – 119, %* ! +:%;( – 98, 2#*(,+:%;( – 69, #2A%2%4 +:%;( – 37.
D:%*# 2%-; C( !*# ' )121 !6&% ( )2#; C1&&'$, ': &!*16!*# ,12: !;, /$ &%4 " &!-# !*# -! &!-%G ,12: #: %:2% +:!, )1& +:! ! &. 5# 1* ;!*# %= )%; 5: - :2!C#$ (5& , ':#$ &!-# !*# “D:%*'2!;#”, “;%*%4#:!;#”, “ #2% :!;#”. 5& 6#*# =(4#&:( 4':! , :2 ; &! 5!&&', #:%&( !*# 2%=% # )% A% )%4!2 (.
1 %4# &! 5!&&' D:%*!$ =(*# %=;161& , $%5! 5# 1* &!;!A!*# ' )1 &%G ; 2%G (&!%5&G ! # &! 5!*+" )2%,1 , % %=*# % ) 4 5! # 51&&' !-=(:#. 5# 1*+, (-' D# 2(:# =%:#, -%=2!6( ! =(: ( “M”, ) 4&' D# %4&( 2(:( 12$, ! 42(A( %)( # D# -, – “ ”; %)( # D# 2(:# 2%-! # D# &%A# – “ ” .4.
D:%*# &( !*# &! :%D # =! +: . ! # 51&&' =(: !2' =! +:# )*! #*# 4 50 :%) "%: 4% 1 :!2=% !&,', 5! % *% ! – 1–2, !* #2' – 4% 5 :!2=% !&, .
1" &! 5!*# 5# ! #, )# ! #, 2!$( ! # ! &. #$% !&&' =(*% )121 !6&% 21* A ". (=1& +:%;( 12& A +:%;( )%*:!$ 4 # !2D# -!;%6$ :%-!: &! 5!*# ' A2!;% # ! " +:% %/ )2! # ( )!2!F '*+$ D:%*!$ !=% )2# % 1&$ )%*:% #$ :!&,1*'2 '$.
" +:% ( )2! ( #:*!4!*# 4% 451& #)2%=( !& =%'$ :%-!:#. % &% #*# -!&&' “ " +:% %A% *(6# 1*'” :%2# ( !*# ' # %:#; ! %2# 1 %;.
D:%*# -!=1-)15( !*# 4 '; *#D1 )%5! :% -&!&&', ': =(*# 4% ()# -!4% %*+&'*# &! %" 5! :2%;& )% 21=# 2(4% %A% *G4( % . 2% 1 ,1 =(*% L4#&1 46121*%, 41 61 2 *! 2 4&! ;% !, )2! 4! )2% %2 G %A% :2!G, -=12 A!*# '
)2#;&%6( !*# ' &!2%4& -#5!/, 2!4#, / %C%.
4.-
42(A " )%*% #& V–XV . :2!/& #:*% F%2;( !*% ' :%-!, % ': F%2;! )2% 1 ( (:2!/& +:%A% &!2%4( )2% # -2% !G5%A% %, !*+&%A% ! &!, %&!*+&%-21* A "&%A% A&%=*1&&', )% #*1&&' :2 )!, ! 2%-# :( :2 )% &%A% )2! !.
!A! % :% #" #-%*+" :%-!,+:#" 2($ )%:*#:! 4% 6# ' (& :!*+&1 ' #C1 &1 *#D1 $4&% *% ’'& +:%/, ! " % %/ :(*+ (2# – :%-!,+:( )14!A%A :(.
%-!,+:! )14!A%A :! – ,1 5! #&! &!2%4&%/ )14!A%A :# ( 12D#&&%;( // #' , ':! F%2;( !*! ) 42% !G5#$ )%:%* &&'$ (:2!/&, #& +:( 2& + 2 4& "
80