Материал: Gateway Учебник английский ключи A2

Student’s Book answer key

B2

4  I have been given information about surviving earthquakes by my teacher. 5  Perhaps the casualties will be offered medical help.

6  She was told the news when she arrived. 7  The refugees are not going to be refused entrance into the country.

8  The scientists have been promised money for research by the government.

7

Students’ own answers

8

Students’ own answers

Developing vocabulary p99

1

Example answers

1  I occasionally spend money on designer clothes.

2  I hate waiting for the bus.

3  For the future, I dream of travelling around Peru.

4  I know I can rely on my family and friends. 5  I never listen to heavy metal.

6  Once I had to apologise for being late for school.

7  I nearly always agree with what that TV presenter says.

8  I don’t usually complain about having a headache.

4

Students’ own answers

Gateway to life skills pp100–101

1

Students’ own answers

2

1  Ebola is a haemorrhagic fever. It is highly infectious and deadly, so patients need

to be treated in isolation by staff wearing special protective clothing.

2  MSF has set up three specialised treatment centres in the worst-hit areas. 3  In the rest of the poster, there will be detailed information about how the treatment centres are set up.

3

1  (see text on poster)

2  Purple route = high-risk zone for confirmed cases:

On the purple route, staff change into protective clothing, enter the wards in the high-risk zone to monitor suspected cases and treat confirmed cases in the treatment wards. They then leave the high-risk zone and go to the laundry, to wash and recycle their clothes.

3  They want people to know that the special equipment is a significant cost and they want people to know what they are going to buy with their donations.

Student’s Book answer key

B2

4  The poster helps people understand how complex treating Ebola is, what the process involves and to visualise how donations will be used.

4

1  Staff are not allowed to touch each other to prevent infection.

2  They plan exactly what they are going to do and what equipment they need.

3  They remove their suits and disinfect themselves.

4  To prevent the spread of Ebola to people who have other diseases with similar symptoms.

5  They have to have had two negative lab tests in a row, they shower in chlorinated water and receive clean clothes and a food/vitamin pack.

6  They continue to get support from psychologists and health promoters.

5

Example answer

I think it is a successful poster because it is very informative on a general and specific level about what Ebola is and how it can be cured,

6

Sam: - Bea: a, c, d Vanessa: a, b Chris: a, d

7

Sam: spent a day raising money for an environmental charity at his school, sold cakes, held events, a fun day

Bea: has done a lot of fundraising for different charities, cancer and disaster charities, organised fun runs and cake schools with her school, a few summers of door-to-door fundraising, fantastic Vanessa: a fundraising event for a health charity, children from local village did a bake sale and put on a performance Chris: dressed in fancy dress with a few friends and sung Christmas carols in a local shop, a lot of fun, raised quite a lot of money for a care home for the elderly

Listening p102

1

Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3

1  T (Her friend’s body was only found three months later.)

2  T (The idea of this organisation is to rebuild schools in areas around the world …) 3  T (It’s thought that Tilly saved around a hundred lives …)

4  NM (The text says that Petra’s known to have been very impressed by Tilly, but it doesn’t say that she has met her.)

5  F (She uses her status as a supermodel to get support from big companies that work in the world of beauty and fashion.) 6  NM (There is no reference to this in the listening text.)

7  T (… her organisation has become a specialist in helping out two or three months after a disaster strikes.)

8  NM (There is no reference to this in the listening text.)

4

1  (She was … with a friend of hers …)

5  F (Petra uses her contacts in beauty and fashion to raise money.)

Grammar in context pp102–103

1a

1  It is the subject in the first part of these sentences.

2  We use the passive in the first part of the sentence because we want to make a general statement about people’s views, beliefs or opinions.

3  The different tense shows if we are talking about a present or past belief, thought, claim, expectation or knowledge.

1b

believe – to think that a fact is true

claim – to say that something is true, even though there is no definite proof

expect – to think that something will happen know – to have learnt or found out about something

report – to provide information about something that exists or has happened say – to think something, or to have a particular opinion

think – to believe something based on facts or ideas

2

2  It was thought that the Earth was flat. 3  It is claimed that natural disasters are becoming more frequent.

4  It has been said that an asteroid will destroy the world one day.

5  It is expected that a big volcano will erupt in Iceland soon.

6  It is known that volcanic ash can have a terrible effect on planes.

7  It was reported that people heard the eruption of Krakatoa over 3,000km away. 8  It is said that one day an enormous earthquake with strike Los Angeles.

3

1  T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T

4

1  Toads are said to sense earthquakes.

2  Bees are known to be very important for the environment.

3  Global warming is claimed to be responsible for many natural disasters. 4  Many people were reported to have gone missing after the eruption.

5  The Titanic was believed to have been unsinkable.

6  Everest wasn’t known to be the highest mountain until 1852.

7  Pompeii is said to be the one of the most popular tourist attractions in Italy. 8  A meteorite is believed to have caused the extinction of dinosaurs.

5

a  have died b  it was c  reported

d  thought e  Some animals are known f  that animals are g  is h  claimed

6

Example answers

1  People from my country are said to have a good sense of humour.

2  It’s well known that eating too much salt is bad for your health.

3  In the past, it was believed that the sun revolved around the Earth.

4  Last week in the news it was reported that the number of robberies had gone up. 5  Students are expected to do their homework.

6  Sometimes I’m known to be a bit forgetful.

7

Students’ own answers

Developing speaking p104

1

1  T 2 F 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 F

2a

Students’ own answers

2b

1  25% 2 1/5 3 1/10 4 2/3 5 50% 6  4/5

3

rose gradually – went up slowly

a sharp increase – a very quick rise tripled – multiplied by three

fell sharply – went down quickly and by a large amount

a slight increase – a small rise fluctuated – changed frequently stayed the same – did not change a dramatic rise – a large increase

a significant decrease – an important fall

4

1  rise, increase

2  rise significant(ly)/sharp(ly)/dramatic(ally)

3  fall significant(ly)/sharp(ly)/dramatic(ally)

4  a third

5  steadily

6  significant

7  significant(ly), sharp(ly), dramatic(ally)

8  the majority

5a

Suggested answer

The pie chart shows different types of natural disasters. If we relate the effects of these disasters to the population of a place, we can say that over one third of people were affected by storms. Over one quarter of people were affected by droughts and a similar number of people were affected by floods. Over one in twenty people were affected by earthquakes. Only about three in every hundred people were affected by extreme temperatures and just over one per cent by epidemics

Student’s Book answer key

B2

5b

Suggested answer

This graph shows how the number of floods around the world rose gradually between 1980 and 1999. Then there was a sharp increase in the number of floods between 2000 and 2003. Between 2000 and 2004, the number of floods increased by over 50%. In 2004 there was a significant decrease, but in 2005, the number of floods rose sharply. The highest point was in 2006 when there were over 200 floods around the world. The number of floods then dropped and fluctuated between 2006 and 2008.

5c

Students’ own answers

Developing writing p105

1

Students’ own answers

2

Students’ own answers

3

Paragraph 1: Introduction. General statement on the topic and opinion Paragraph 2: First and most important reason for opinion

Paragraphs 3 and 4: One or two other reasons for opinion

Paragraph 5: Summary and conclusion. Restate opinion

4

Expressing opinions: In my opinion, I believe that

Adding ideas: What is more, Another thing to bear in mind is that, Furthermore

Putting ideas in order: The first point to make is that

Contrasting ideas: However, Although

Concluding: In conclusion

5

Students’ own answers

6a

Students’ own answers

6b

Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 8

Grammar revision p107

1

1  The boy and girl were rescued by a boat. 2  The damaged towers are going to be rebuilt by a Japanese company.

3  A famous architect had designed the airport.

4  The port won’t have been destroyed by the waves.

5  The awards are being presented by Petra N˘emcová tonight.

6  A report should have been written about the catastrophe.

7  A local politician might open the school.

2

2  I was given a camera for my birthday. They gave me a camera for my birthday. 3  They are being shown a film about natural disasters. They are showing them a film about natural disasters.

4  Young children are often told stories by their parents. Parents often tell their young children stories.

5  The actor has been paid a million dollars. They have paid the actor a million dollars. 6  I was lent some money by my sister. My sister lent me some money.

7  We were taught mathematics by a new teacher. A new teacher taught us mathematics.

8  He has been offered a job by the government. The government has offered him a job.

3

1  It is often claimed that Paris is one of the most beautiful cities in the world./Paris is often claimed to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world.

2  Galileo Galilei is said to have invented the telescope.

3  An accident was reported to have started the fire./The fire was reported to have been started by an accident.

4  Avalanches are said to be caused by loud noises.

5  A long time ago the Moon was believed to be made of cheese

6  The eruption of Krakatoa is thought to have turned the skies orange in 1883.

Vocabulary revision p107

1

1  If water floods a place, it covers it. 2  a situation in which a disease spreads very quickly and infects many people

3  a heavy fall of earth and rocks down the side of a mountain or steep slope

4  a long period of time when there is little or no rain and crops die

5  when a large area of land and trees is burnt

2

Gateway to exams: Units 7–8

Reading p108

1

Students’ own answers

2

1  b (By 9 o’clock on Sunday morning our team was in the office, making sure everyone travelling with us in Iceland and those who were about to travel were fully briefed on the situation.)

2  a (On the Monday we contacted all those on our Volcano Hotline and started making travel plans for those wanting to see the eruption.)

3  a (Ten days later I found myself on a plane bound for Keflavik with two of my children Ben (16) and Gemma (13) – we had also been bitten by the volcano bug.) 4  b (Just after lunch the next day we took one of the helicopters based at the hotel for the most amazing flight I have ever experienced in my life.)

5  b (All too soon it was time to go and the helicopter returned to collect us.)

6  b (Driving Superjeeps is an Icelandic art and our driver, Ragnar, was both skilled and great company.)

Listening p109

3

1  F (It’s basically a private jet company. … you hire a plane…)

2  NM

3  T

4  NM

5  T

6  T

7  F (They promise to supply you with generator-produced electricity … So that if you have a business, you can keep it running despite the storm.)

4

Students’ own answers

5

Students’ own answers

6

Students’ own answers

7

Giving emphasis: You have to remember that …; I really do think that …; You can’t deny that …

Giving examples: Take …, for instance; You only have to think of …

8

Students’ own answers

9

Students’ own answers

Unit 9

Vocabulary p110

1

1  f dishwasher – a machine that washes dishes

2  j washing machine – a machine that washes clothes

3  l webcam – a camera connected to a computer that produces images that can be seen on a website

4  a remote control – a piece of equipment that you use for controlling a machine, such as a television or stereo system, from a short distance away

5  e headphones – a piece of equipment that you wear over your ears to listen to something without other people hearing it

Student’s Book answer key

B2

6  k flash drive – a small plastic disk drive that stores information and that you can carry around with you. You connect the flash drive to a computer when you want to use the information

7  c microwave – an oven that cooks food very quickly by passing electricity through it, instead of using heat

8  g vacuum cleaner – a piece of electrical equipment that cleans floors by sucking up dirt

9  b food processor – a piece of electrical equipment used for cutting food into very small pieces or mixing different foods together

10  i digital camera – a camera that takes and stores pictures in the form of electronic signals

11  h satnav – satellite navigation: a system for finding the best way to a place using information from satellites. It is often found in cars

12  d keyboard – a piece of computer equipment with keys on it, used for putting information into a computer

2

1  both correct

2  gone dead (recharge – to put more power into a battery)

3  insert (plug in – connect a piece of equipment to an electricity supply) 4  both correct

5  upgrade (install – to put a new program or piece of software into a computer so that you can use it)

6  set (delete – to remove information stored in a computer)

7  select (adjust – to change something slightly in order to make it better, more accurate or more effective)

8  pinching (swipe – to move your finger across the screen of a smartphone or tablet)

9  disconnect (connect – to join two things together)

10  hold (tap – to touch something gently)

4

The instructions are for setting the day, date and time on a computer.

5

Example answer

Turn the mobile on. Type in your pin code and wait for the phone to get a signal. Select your friend’s name from your contacts list and press the ‘call’ button. Put the phone to your ear and wait for your friend to answer.

6

Students’ own answers

7

Students’ own answers

Reading p111

1a

Example answers

I can see a group of young people relaxing while using different technology. I think a screenager is a teenager who spends a lot of time online.

1b

Students’ own answers

2

1  E 2 C 3 B 4 F 5 A 6 G 7 D

3

Example answers

I agree with the description of Gen Z. We can quickly sort through and assess enormous amounts of information. If we are interested in something, we are very committed and focused.

I don’t agree with everything in the text. It implies that we are very different from previous generations, but I think we still have to be able to communicate clearly in person, and this is the number-one skill for our future success. This is the same for every generation.

4

at the heart of = the most important or basic part of something

the norm = something that is usual or expected

ingenious = uses new and clever ideas recession = period of time when trade and industry are not successful and there is a lot of unemployment

burying their heads in = to give all your attention to something

5

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context pp112–113

1

1  a, c, d. They do not have commas. 2  b, e, f. They have commas.

3  We use which with things. We use who with people.

4  We use whose for possessions, when for times, where for places and why for reasons. 5  Yes, we can replace which with that in defining relative clauses.

6  No, we can’t replace which with that in non-defining relative clauses.

7  No, we can’t omit the relative pronoun in non-defining relative clauses.

8  No, we can’t omit the relative pronoun in sentences a or d because which and who are followed by verbs.

9  Yes, we can omit the relative pronoun in sentence c because it is followed by a noun/pronoun.

2

1  My tablet, which I bought last week, is already broken!

2  I think that’s the phone that I saw it. 3  correct

4  correct

5  They’re the two people whose invention became really popular.

6  correct

7  correct

8  This is the friend who/that/– I told you about.

3

The relative pronouns can be omitted in: a, d, h and l, because these are all defining relative clauses where the relative pronoun is followed by a noun or pronoun.

(b, c, e, i, j, k are also defining relative clauses but the relative pronouns are followed by a verb. f and g are non-defining relative clauses.)

4

1  The inventor of the remote control, whose name was Robert Adler, didn’t like watching TV.

2  Remote controls, which first appeared in 1956, were originally called ‘space commands’.

3  Robert Adler went to university there in Vienna, where he was born./Robert Adler, who was born in Vienna, went to university there.

4  Adler, who invented more than 180 different things, was a brilliant physicist./ Adler, who was a brilliant physicist, invented more than 180 different things. 5  Adler, whose most successful invention was the remote control, was especially proud of his work on touch screens.

6  His remote control, which was replaced by infrared systems in the 1980s, used ultrasonic frequencies.

7  In 2007, when he was ninety-three, Robert Adler died./ Robert Adler died in 2007, when he was ninety-three./ Robert Adler, who was ninety-three, died in 2007. 8  Adler wasn’t very interested in his own invention, which changed the way we live. /Adler, whose invention changed the way we live, wasn’t very interested in it himself.

5

The boy in the photo is Adam Cudworth. He sent a camera up into space. The photos that Adam took look like they could be images from NASA.

6

1  B 2 B 3 D 4 B 5 B 6 C 7 B

8  C 9 A 10 B

Developing vocabulary p113

1

1  g 2 b 3 e 4 h 5 d 6 c 7 j 8  a 9 f 10 i

2

1  to scroll up/down

2  to print something out 3  It zooms in.

4  It isn’t picking up a signal. 5  The battery’s running out. 6  The alarm is going off.

Gateway to academic skills pp114 and 115

1

Students’ own answers

Student’s Book answer key

B2

2

Students’ own answers

3

Students’ own answers

4

Students’ own answers

5

Students’ own answers

6

Students’ own answers

7

Sam: 1 university has online system of resources, types up essays and communicates with lecturer on computer; 2 variety of resources online; 4 doubt face-to-face teaching will disappear – people learn more from human teachers; 5 a reliable digital wordor essay-checker to improve writing and take work away from teachers Vanessa: 1 phone, but mostly laptop;

2 saving copies, editing documents, sending information; 3 too reliant on the internet; 4 face-to-face interaction is how we thrive; 5 a gadget to allow data to be downloaded straight into your brain

Bea: 1 internet, university’s database; 2 all the information at your fingertips; 3 spelling and grammar suffer; 4 face-to-face teaching will continue; 5 a virtual helmet for an immersive learning experience

Chris: 1 coding course – software and hardware he needs; 2 access presentation slides after lectures; 3 no disadvantages; 4 face-to-face teaching won’t disappear – certain things need experts for; 5 free wi-fi for everybody

8

Students’ own answers

Listening p116

1

Students’ own answers

2

Speaker 1: b

Speaker 2: c

Speaker 3: d

Speaker 4: a

3

1  b 2 d 3 a 4 c 5 d 6 d 7 b

8  a 9 a 10 d

4

Students’ own answers

5

Students’ own answers

Grammar in context pp116–117

1a

sentences 2a and 2b

1b

1  a 2 b 3 b 4 a 5 a 6 b 7 b

8  a

2

3

1  forgot to send that email 2 likes to wear a tie 3 stop interrupting me

talking 10 never forget spilling orange juice

4

1  I have to go back home because I forgot to switch the oven off.

2  Can you remember to bring me my book tomorrow because I need it?

3  correct

4  Stop playing that song because it’s awful. 5  I like to get up early when I have an exam 6  correct

7  I’ll always remember meeting you for the first time last summer.

8  correct

5

Students’ own answers

6

Students’ own answers

Developing speaking p118

1

Students’ own answers

2a

Students’ own answers

2b

Example answers For:

■Times have changed and schools should be making the most of modern technology.

■It is more important for pupils to use the latest technology than learn dates in history: use smartphones to create apps or record videos.

■In class we should use the good things that smartphones can offer – applications and access to the Internet.

■It’s fun: smartphones motivate students.

■Students look after smartphones.

■Not every classroom offers students access to a computer, so devices like smartphones, even if you have to pair up, are very useful.

Against:

■Smartphones are easily lost or stolen.

■They distract students’ attention.

■There can be a misuse of technology: cyberbullying, texting friends in class, etc.

3

The man is for the idea of students taking mobile phones into class and the woman is against it.

Man: They’re a part of daily life now … use your phone as a dictionary in English lessons … Or … connect to a map if you’re studying geography … smartphone … like a pen.

Woman: They can do that at the weekend … take a photo instead of copying the

information down … lazy … students will forget how to write … take photos or video teachers, or other students … cheat in exams.

4

1  checking whether your partner has understood you

2  asking your partner to clarify something

5a

The circles mark where the stress falls in the sentence.

5b

Students’ own answers

5c

Do you get what I’m saying? Are you following me?

Are you with me? What I mean is …

Yes, that’s exactly what I mean. No, that’s not quite what I mean. Are you saying that …?

If I understand you correctly, … In other words …

What do you mean when you say …? I’m not sure what you mean by … Could you go over that again? Sorry, I’m not with you.

I don’t understand what you’re getting at.

5d

Students’ own answers

6

Students’ own answers

7

Students’ own answers

Developing writing p119

1

Students’ own answers

2

The style is formal because it is a report for the head of the school.

3

The report is in a formal style.

4

1  Each student thinks that it is important.

2  correct

3  None of the students wanted to visit the website.

4  correct

5  A good website needs a lot of/lots of time and effort.

6  correct

7  correct

8  Most of the people in our class find the website boring.

5

Students’ own answers

Language checkpoint: Unit 9

Grammar revision p121

1