Материал: 4482

UNTRUE (CONTRARY TO FACT) IN THE PRESENT/FUTURE

(i) If I taught this class, I wouldn’t In (i): In truth, I don’t teach this class. give test.

(j)If he were here right now, he would In (j): In truth, he is not here right now. help us.

(k) If I were you, I would accept their In (k): In truth, I am not you. invitation.

Note: Were is used for both singular and plural subjects. Was (with I, he, she, it) is sometimes used in very informal speech but is not generally considered grammatically acceptable.

Exercise 5. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. Conditional sentences: Type 2.

1.Of course I’m not going to give her a diamond ring. If I (give) her a diamond ring she (sell) it.

2.Tom: I woke up to find the room full of smoke; but I knew exactly what to do.

Ann: If I (wake) up to find the room full of smoke I (have) no idea what to do.

3.Ann: I couldn’t live without Tom. If he (go) off with another girl I (pine) away and die. But I have complete confidence in Tom.

4.Husband: But I’m not going on a diet. Why should I go on a diet?

Wife: If you (go) on a diet you (lose) weight.

5.If we (work) all night we (finish) in time; but we have no intention of working all night.

6.If I (see) a tiger across Hyde Park I (climb) a tree. ~ That (not be) any use. The tiger (climb) after you.

7.Ann: All your clothes are years out of date. Why don’t you throw them away? Mary: Don’t be ridiculous! If I (throw) my clothes away I (have) to ask my husband for $1,000 to buy new ones.

8. Ann: If you (ask) him for $1,000 what he (say)?

9. Why don’t you buy a season ticket? ~

Because I lose everything. If I (buy) a season ticket I (lose) it.

10. Why don’t you bring your car to work? If I (have) a car I (bring) it to work.

Exercise 6. Rewrite these sentences, using an if construction.

He smokes too much; perhaps that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.

If he didn’t smoke so much he might get rid of his cough or If he smoked less he might (be able to) get rid of his cough.

1.She is very shy; that’s why she doesn’t enjoy parties.

2.He doesn’t take any exercise; that’s why he is so unhealthy.

3.They speak French to her, not English, so her English doesn’t improve.

4.He doesn’t work overtime, so he doesn’t earn as much as I do.

5.My number isn’t in the directory so people don’t ring me up.

6.The police are not armed so we don’t have gun battles in the streets.

7.The shops don’t deliver now, which makes life difficult.

8.He’s very thin; perhaps that’s why he feels the cold so much.

9.We haven’t any matches so we can’t light a fire.

10.It’s pity we haven’t a steak to cook over our camp fire.

Exercise 7. Change the following sentences of real condition into sentences of unreal condition.

I shall take a bus if I am in a hurry.

I should take a bus if I were in a hurry.

A.1. If the storm is over, we shall have pleasant walk. 2. If it grows cold, they start heating the rooms. 3. He will let me know if he goes to Moscow. 4. Harold will be late if he walks so slowly. 5. The dog will catch the stick if it is thrown into the river.

B.1. If it snows, the streets will be cleared of snow. 2. If the weather keeps dry, we have to water the flowers. 3. We shall not see anything if the night is very dark. 4.The room will look warmer if the walls are painted yellow. 5. The dust and noise of the street will not reach us if the trees grow bigger.

Exercise 10. Answer each question. Begin with “No, but …”

Example: Do you have a dollar?

Response: No, but if I did (No, but if I had a dollar), I would lend it to you.

1.Are you rich?

2.Do you have a car?

3.Are you a bird?

4.Do you live in an apartment? Dormitory? Hotel?

5.Are you the teacher of this class?

6.Do you have your own airplane?

7.Are you the President of Russia?

8.Are you tired?

9.Are you at home right now?

10.Are you married? Single?

11.Do you speak Japanese?

12.Is the weather hot/ cold today?

13.Are you hungry?

14.Do you live in New York City?

Exercise 11. Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses.

1.If a have enough apples, I (bake) will bake an apple pie this afternoon.

2.If had enough apples, I (bake) __________________ an apple pie this afternoon.

3.I would fix your bicycle if I (have) ___________________ a screwdriver of the proper size.

4.I (make) ______________ a tomato salad for the picnic tomorrow if the tomatoes in my garden were ripe.

5.I (make) __________________ a tomato salad for the picnic tomorrow if the tomatoes in my garden were ripe.

6.Sally always answer the phone if she (be) _______________ in her office.

7.Sally would answer the phone if she (be) ________________ in her office

it? (find)

10.I must hurry. My friend will be annoyed if I __________________ on time ( not / be)

11.I can’t decide what to do. What would you do if you _____________ in my position? (be)

12.A: What shall we do tomorrow?

B: Well if it ___________ a nice day, we can go to the beach. (be) 13.A: Let’s go to the beach.

B: No, it’s too cold. If it _______ warmer, I wouldn’t mind going to the beach. (be).

Exercise 12. Translate the sentences

1.Если бы я не был так занят, я бы с удовольствием принял ваше приглашение, но, к сожалению, у меня слишком много работы.

2.Если бы Джордж настаивал, я бы присоединился к ним завтра.

3.Если бы Дороти была вежлива, она не вела себя подобным образом.

4.Если бы он был здесь, он бы помог нам.

5.Если бы он был здесь, он бы что-нибудь предложил.

6.Если бы пригласили его, он был бы очень доволен. Пригласите его.

7.Если бы я был на вашем месте, я бы сказал ей, что я думаю об этом.

8.Если бы он более пунктуален, с ним было бы легче иметь дело.

9.Если бы Ричард был здесь, он дал бы вам совет.

10.Он сказал, что, если профессор Карлтон не будет присутствовать на экзамене, не будет никаких трудных вопросов.

11.Он сказал, что не пошлет картину на выставку, если картина не будет готова через неделю.

12.Если бы ты меньше курил, ты бы не чувствовал себя так плохо. 13.Я бы на твоем месте не пила эту воду.

14.Если бы я ее хорошо знал, я позвонил бы ей.

15.Если бы у меня было 50 000 долларов, я бы путешествовал по всему миру.

UNTRUE (CONTRARY TO FACT) IN THE PAST

Exercise 13. Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses.

1.If I (have) _________ enough money, I will go with you.

2.If I (have) _________ enough money, I would go with you.

3.If I (have) _________ enough money, I would have gone with you.

4.If the weather is nice tomorrow, we (go) _________ to the zoo.

5.If the weather were nice today, we (go) _________ to the zoo.

6.If the weather had been nice yesterday, we (go) _______ to the zoo.

7.If Sally (be) ________ at home tomorrow, I am going to visit her.

8.Jim isn’t home right now. If he (be) ________ at home right now, I (visit)

_______ him.

9.Linda wasn’t at home yesterday. If she (be) ________ at home yesterday, I

(visit) ________ her.

Exercise 14. Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses.

1.It’s too bad Helen isn’t here. If she (be) _______ here, she (know) ________

what to do.

2.Fred failed the test because he didn’t study. However, if he (study) ________

for the test, he (pass) __________ it.

3.You should tell your father exactly what happened. If I (be) ________ you, I (tell) _______ him the truth as soon as possible.

4.If I (have) ________ my camera with me yesterday, I (take) _______ a picture of Alex standing on his head.

5.I’m almost ready to plant my garden. I have a lot of seeds. Maybe I have more than I need. If I (have) ________ more seeds than I need, I (give)

_______ some to Nellie.

6.I got wet because I didn’t take my umbrella. However, I (get, not) ________

wet if I (remember) ________ to take my umbrella with me yesterday.

7.I (change) _________ the present economic policy if I (be) _________ the President of the United States.

8.If the teacher (be) _______ absent tomorrow, class will be cancelled.

9.George has only two pairs of socks. If he (have) ________ more than two

pairs of socks, he (have to, not) _________ wash his socks so often.

10.That sounds like a good job offer. If I (be) ________ you, I (accept)

________ it.

Exercise 15. Supply the appropriate auxiliary verb.

1.I don’t have a pen, but if I ___did___, I would lend it to you.

2.He is busy right now, but if he ___weren’t___, he would help us.

3.I didn’t vote in the last election, but if I ___had___, I would have voted for Senator Anderson.

4.I don’t have enough money, but if I _______, I would buy that book.

5.The weather is cold today, but if it ________, I would go swimming.

6.She didn’t come, but if she ________, she would have met my brother.

7.I’m not a good cook, but if I _______, I would make all of my own meals.

8.I have to go to class this afternoon, but if I _______, I would go downtown with you.

9.He didn’t go to a doctor, but if he ________, the cut on this hand wouldn’t have got infected.

10.I always pay my bills. If I ________, I would get in a lot of trouble.

11.Helium is lighter than air. If it ________, a helium-filled balloon wouldn’t float upward.

12.I called my husband to tell him I would be late. If I _______, he would have gotten worried about me.

Exercise 16. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.