Список литературы
1) Горбачевский, А.А. Теория языка. Вводный курс: учеб. пособие /А.А. Горбачевский. - М. : ФЛИНТА : Наука, 2011. - 280 с.
2) Евстифеева М. В. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка. Лекции, семинары, упражнения: учеб. пособие. - М.: Флинта: Наука, 2012. - 168 с.
3) Зырянова, А.В. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка: учебно-практическое пособие / сост. А.В. Зырянова. - Челябинск: Изд-во Юж.-Урал. гос. гуман.-пед. ун-та, 2016. - 154 с.
4) Кодзасов, С.В., Кривнова, О.Ф.Общая фонетика Изд.: РГГУ, 2001. -584
5) Курашкина Н.А. Основы фонетики английского языка. The Essentials of English Рhonetics. - М.: Флинта, 2013. - 140 с.
6) Леонтьева, С.Ф. Теоретическая фонетика современного английского языка. М.: Менеджер, 2016. -337 с.
7) Меркулова Е.М. Введение в курс фонетики. - М.: Союз, 2007. - 224 с.
8) Соколова, М. А. Практическая фонетика английского языка: учеб. для студентов высш. учеб. заведений/ М. А. Соколова, К. П.
9) Гинтовт, Л. А. Кантер и др. - М.: Гуманитарный издательский центр ВЛАДОС, 2003. -384 с.
10) Соколова М. А, Гинтовт К. П. Тихонова И. С, Тихонова Р. М. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка. - М., 2009. - 268 с.
11) Соколова, М.А. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка / М. А. Соколова, И. С. Тихонова, Р. М. Тихонова, Е. Л. Фрейдина. - Дубна: Феникс+, 2010. - 192 с.
12) Шевченко Т.И. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка: Учебник/ Т.И. Шевченко. - М.: Высшая школа, 2006. - 191с.
13) Шевченко, Т.И. Фонетика и фонология английского языка: Курс теоретической фонетики английского языка для бакалавров / Т. И. Шевченко. - Дубна., Феникс+, 2011. - 256 с.
14) Онлайн-словарь ABBYY Lingvo-Online // [Электронный ресурс] / http://www.lingvo.ua/ru (Дата обращения 15.05.2017)
15) Толковый словарь Даля онлайн // [Электронный ресурс] / http://slovardalja.net (Дата обращения 20.05.2017)
16) Lingorado. The language adventure //[Электронный ресурс] / http://lingorado.com/transcription/ (Дата обращения 17.05.2017)
Приложение 1
Речь Джоан Роулинг.
The first thing I would like to say is `thank you.' Not only has Harvard given me an extraordinary honour, but the weeks of fear and nausea I have endured at the thought of giving this commencement address have made me lose weight. A win-win situation! Now all I have to do is take deep breaths, squint at the red banners and convince myself that I am at the world's largest Gryffindor reunion.
Delivering a commencement address is a great responsibility; or so I thought until I cast my mind back to my own graduation. The commencement speaker that day was the distinguished British philosopher Baroness Mary Warnock. Reflecting on her speech has helped me enormously in writing this one, because it turns out that I can't remember a single word she said. This liberating discovery enables me to proceed without any fear that I might inadvertently influence you to abandon promising careers in business, the law or politics for the giddy delights of becoming a gay wizard.
You see? If all you remember in years to come is the `gay wizard' joke, I've come out ahead of Baroness Mary Warnock. Achievable goals: the first step to self improvement.
Actually, I have wracked my mind and heart for what I ought to say to you today. I have asked myself what I wish I had known at my own graduation, and what important lessons I have learned in the 21 years that have expired between that day and this.
I have come up with two answers. On this wonderful day when we are gathered together to celebrate your academic success, I have decided to talk to you about the benefits of failure. And as you stand on the threshold of what is sometimes called `real life', I want to extol the crucial importance of imagination.
These may seem quixotic or paradoxical choices, but please bear with me.
Looking back at the 21-year-old that I was at graduation, is a slightly uncomfortable experience for the 42-year-old that she has become. Half my lifetime ago, I was striking an uneasy balance between the ambition I had for myself, and what those closest to me expected of me.
I was convinced that the only thing I wanted to do, ever, was to write novels. However, my parents, both of whom came from impoverished backgrounds and neither of whom had been to college, took the view that my overactive imagination was an amusing personal quirk that would never pay a mortgage, or secure a pension. I know that the irony strikes with the force of a cartoon anvil, now.
So they hoped that I would take a vocational degree; I wanted to study English Literature. A compromise was reached that in retrospect satisfied nobody, and I went up to study Modern Languages. Hardly had my parents' car rounded the corner at the end of the road than I ditched German and scuttled off down the Classics corridor.
I would like to make it clear, in parenthesis, that I do not blame my parents for their point of view. There is an expiry date on blaming your parents for steering you in the wrong direction; the moment you are old enough to take the wheel, responsibility lies with you. What is more, I cannot criticise my parents for hoping that I would never experience povertyWhat I feared most for myself at your age was not poverty, but failure.
At your age, in spite of a distinct lack of motivation at university, where I had spent far too long in the coffee bar writing stories, and far too little time at lectures, I had a knack for passing examinations, and that, for years, had been the measure of success in my life and that of my peers.
I am not dull enough to suppose that because you are young, gifted and well-educated, you have never known hardship or heartbreak. Talent and intelligence never yet inoculated anyone against the caprice of the Fates, and I do not for a moment suppose that everyone here has enjoyed an existence of unruffled privilege and contentment.
Now, I am not going to stand here and tell you that failure is fun. That period of my life was a dark one, and I had no idea that there was going to be what the press has since represented as a kind of fairy tale resolution. I had no idea then how far the tunnel extended, and for a long time, any light at the end of it was a hope rather than a reality.
So why do I talk about the benefits of failure? Simply because failure meant a stripping away of the inessential. I stopped pretending to myself that I was anything other than what I was, and began to direct all my energy into finishing the only work that mattered to me. Had I really succeeded at anything else, I might never have found the determination to succeed in the one arena I believed I truly belonged. I was set free, because my greatest fear had been realised, and I was still alive, and I still had a daughter whom I adored, and I had an old typewriter and a big idea. And so rock bottom became the solid foundation on which I rebuilt my life.
Приложение 2
Речь Терезы Мей.
A new approach to migration
Just as we need the United Nations to modernise to meet the challenges of terrorism in the 21st Century, so we also need to adapt if we are to fashion a truly global response to the mass movements of people across the world and the implications this brings for security and human rights.
The 1951 convention and the 1967 protocol must remain the bedrock of our response, but the context in which they must be applied has dramatically changed.
Across the world today, there are 65 million people who have been forcibly displaced. That it is equivalent to the entire population of the United Kingdom.
It is an unprecedented figure, one that has almost doubled in a decade. And yet UN appeals are underfunded; host countries are not getting enough support; and refugees are not getting the aid, education and economic opportunities they need.
We must do more. And as the second largest bi-lateral provider of assistance, the UK remains fully committed to playing a leading role.
In the last 5 years the UK has invested over $9 billion in humanitarian assistance, saving millions of lives every year.
The London Syria Conference in February raised $12 billion in pledges, the largest amount ever raised in one day in response to a humanitarian crisis.
And that money is being used to combine both urgent humanitarian assistance and vital economic development, benefitting both refugees and the communities and countries hosting them.
Clearly we need to continue our efforts to bring an end to the conflict and the appalling slaughter in Syria and to get aid through to those who need it.
And while these efforts continue inside Syria, we also agreed new efforts to support refugees and host communities in neighbouring countries, including through education and opportunities to work. This is being assisted by loans from international financial institutions and access to European markets. And through our trading relationships and direct engagement with businesses we are mobilising the private sector to create new jobs in the region for everyone.
And while there is more to be done, it is this approach to financing both humanitarian support and economic development that I will be championing when I announce a further UK financial contribution at President Obama's Refugee Summit later today.
But in addition to refugees and displaced people fleeing conflict and persecution, we are also seeing an unprecedented movement of people in search of greater economic opportunities through the same unmanaged channels.
This affects all of us, and it is the responsibility of us all to take action. We cannot ignore this challenge, or allow it to continue unmanaged. We need to do better. Better for the countries people leave, for the countries they move through, for the countries they try to get to - and most of all, better for the migrants and refugees themselves.
Despite the huge increase in international efforts, more migrants have died attempting hazardous journeys across borders this year than any other. I believe we have to use the opportunity afforded by this General Assembly for an honest global debate to address this global challenge.
In doing so, we should be clear that there is nothing wrong with the desire to migrate for a better life. And also that controlled, legal, safe, economic migration brings benefits to our economies.
But countries have to be able to exercise control over their borders. The failure to do so erodes public confidence, fuels international crime, damages economies and reduces the resources for those who genuinely need protection and whose rights under the Refugee Convention should always be fulfilled.
I believe there are three fundamental principles that we now need to establish at the heart of a new approach to managing migration that is in the interests of all those involved.
First, we must help ensure that refugees claim asylum in the first safe country they reach. The current trend of onward movements, where refugees reach a safe country but then press on with their journey, can only benefit criminal gangs and expose refugees to grave danger.
So we must all do more to support countries where the refugees first arrive, to provide the necessary protection and assistance for refugees safely and swiftly, and to help countries adapt to the huge economic impact that refugees can have - including on their existing population.
Приложение 3
Речь Тима Бернерса-Ли.
If people want to prevent children for example accessing sites(forbidden for them) as a parent, then you have the right to do that and you can buy all kinds of different software, which you can run on the computer, which will block the child and put you in control of that. So I think that sort of…many years ago I think it was generally established that was the way which (inaudible). So you're going to generally open the internet and so this is…what we'll see of course is, as we've seen this human amount of creativity about people building new websites, new ways of forms of working together on the web. We'll see a lot of, hopefully in an ideal world, a lot of governments will follow the start that the UK has made and the UK will go on putting much more data on the web, so there'll be lots of understanding about what's actually happening in this…what the state of the country really is from people who could…some data journalists and people who are capable of looking at the data...there'll be a lot of more transparency, there'll be an understanding of where spending is going. That increased transparency on the part of governments in putting spending data on the web will then lead to a dramatic reductions hopefully in corruption in some of the countries where it's a serious problem at the moment and when the corruption drops then, the response will be much greater investment in the country as a whole.
I think that's a really interesting thing. I think that scholarly publication…I tend to the like the model where you pay when you publish and people read for free. I think it might be interesting to see a market where there are both sorts of journal. Yes, I feel that getting open access is a good input instead. I also think that finding ways of paying journalists and reviewers and people who organise or you know the structure is important and I think we are\ going to have to see that also, we'll have to look in areas, a whole similar but different questions of how do we pay people to create blockbuster movies? How do we pay people to create small independent films? How do we pay people to create beautiful music? And so those things are all up in the air. One of the interesting thing is we may see new payment protocols being devised so that on my browser I've got tools, buttons I can use in order to pay people maybe just a few pennies at a time as I read a blog or something that could be…
Well people were resistant to paying money for music but then one particular market came along, and made it really, really, really easy then people…then I think people are much less resistant. I think it's a very tricky balance. Yes on W3C we talked about standards for micropayment years ago, really when the consortium was in its early days in the 90s. We thought the micropayments would be a really important thing then obviously with you know that would naturally occur as the web spread to be able to pay people for some content. It's question of whether you've got all the financial infrastructure, whether you've got trust for the financial infrastructure and then also when you've got a really good user interface design which gives people the right amount of control and the right amount of disability of what's gong on and…but being as un-intrusive as possible.
Well of course, again we're talking about one particular company over another but in general, I think everybody just has to be aware that when a company is very successful and achieves a monopoly, there are huge downsides and you know you can look back at how…in countries where there is only one telecom provider and only one person designing telephones…
Приложение 4
[р?] [f??st] [и??] [a?] [w?d] [la?k] [t?] [se?] [z] [иж?k] [ju?].' [n?t] [???nli] [h?z] [?h??v?d] [?g?vn] [mi] [?n] [?ks?tr??dnri] [??n?], [b?t] [р?] [wi?ks] [?v] [f??r] [?nd] [?n??sj?] [a?] [h?v] [?n?dj??d] [?t] [р?] [и??t] [?v] [?g?v??] [р?s] [k??m?nsm?nt] [??dr?s] [h?v] [me?d] [mi] [lu?z] [we?t]. [?] [w?n]-[w?n] [?s?tj??e???n]! [na?] [??l] [a?] [h?v] [t?] [d?] [z] [te?k] [di?p] [br?иs], [skw?nt] [?t] [р?] [r?d] [?bжn?z] [?nd] [k?n?v?ns] [ma??s?lf] [р?t] [a?] [?m] [?t] [р?] [w??ldz] [?l????st] Gryffindor [ri??ju?nj?n].
[d??l?v?r??] [?] [k??m?nsm?nt] [??dr?s] [?z] [?] [gre?t] [r?s?p?ns??b?l?ti]; [??] [s??] [a?] [и??t] [?n?t?l] [a?] [k??st] [ma?] [ma?nd] [bжk] [t?] [ma?] [??n] [?grжdj??e???n]. [р?] [k??m?nsm?nt] [?spi?k?] [р?t] [de?] [w?z] [р?] [d?s?t??gw??t] [?br?t??] [f??l?s?f?] [?bжr?n?s] [?me?ri] Warnock. [r??fl?kt??] [?n] [h?] [spi??] [h?z] [h?lpt] [mi] [??n??m?sli] [?n] [?ra?t??] [р?s] [w?n], [b??k?z] [?t] [t??nz] [a?t] [р?t] [a?] [k??nt] [r??m?mb?r] [?] [?s??gl] [w??d] [?i] [s?d]. [р?s] [?l?b?re?t??] [d?s?k?v?ri] [??ne?blz] [mi] [t?] [pr??si?d] [w??рa?t] [??ni] [f??] [р?t] [a?] [ma?t] [??n?d?v??t?ntli] [??nfl??ns] [j?] [t?] [??bжnd?n] [?pr?m?s??] [k??r??z] [?n] [?b?zn?s], [р?] [l??] [??] [?p?l?t?ks] [f?] [р?] [?g?di] [d??la?ts] [?v] [b??k?m??] [?] [ge?] [?w?z?d].
[j?] [si?]? [?f] [??l] [j?] [r??m?mb?r] [?n] [j??z] [t?] [k?m] [z] [р?] [ge?] [?w?z?d] [???k], [a?v] [k?m] [a?t] [??h?d] [?v] [?bжr?n?s] [?me?ri] Warnock. [???i?v?bl] [g??lz]: [р?] [f??st] [st?p] [t?] [s?lf] [?m?pru?vm?nt].
[?жk???li], [a?] [h?v] [rжkt] [ma?] [ma?nd] [?nd] [h??t] [f?] [w?t] [a?] [??t] [t?] [se?] [t?] [j?] [t??de?]. [a?] [h?v] [??skt] [ma??s?lf] [w?t] [a?] [w??] [a?] [h?d] [n??n] [?t] [ma?] [??n] [?grжdj??e???n], [?nd] [w?t] [?m?p??t?nt] [?l?snz] [a?] [h?v] [l??nt] [?n] [рi?] 21 [j??z] [р?t] [h?v] [?ks?pa??d] [b??twi?n] [р?t] [de?] [?nd] [р?s].
[a?] [h?v] [k?m] [?p] [w?р] [tu?] [???ns?z]. [?n] [р?s] [?w?nd?f?l] [de?] [w?n] [wi] [?] [?gжр?d] [t??g?р?] [t?] [?s?l?bre?t] [j?r] [?жk??d?m?k] [s?k?s?s], [a?] [h?v] [d??sa?d?d] [t?] [t??k] [t?] [j?] [??ba?t] [р?] [?b?n?f?ts] [?v] [?fe?lj?]. [?nd] [?z] [j?] [stжnd] [?n] [р?] [?иr???h??ld] [?v] [w?t] [s] [?s?mta?mz] [k??ld] [r??l] [la?f], [a?] [w?nt] [t?] [?ks?t??l] [р?] [?kru???l] [?m?p??t?ns] [?v] [??mж???ne???n].
[рi?z] [me?] [si?m] [kw?k?s?t?k] [??] [?pжr??d?ks?k?l] [????s?z], [b?t] [pli?z] [be?] [w?р] [mi?].
[?l?k??] [bжk] [?t] [рi?] 21-[j??r]-[??ld] [р?t] [a?] [w?z] [?t] [?grжdj??e???n], [?z] [?] [?sla?tli] [?n?k?mf?t?bl] [?ks?p??r??ns] [f?] [рi?] 42-[j??r]-[??ld] [р?t] [?i] [h?z] [b??k?m]. [h??f] [ma?] [?la?fta?m] [??g??], [a?] [w?z] [?stra?k??] [?n] [?n?i?zi] [?bжl?ns] [b??twi?n] [рi] [жm?b??(?)n] [a?] [h?d] [f?] [ma??s?lf], [?nd] [w?t] [р??z] [?kl??s?st] [t?] [mi] [?ks?p?kt?d] [?v] [mi?].
[a?] [w?z] [k?n?v?nst] [р?t] [рi] [???nli] [и??] [a?] [?w?nt?d] [t?] [du?], [??v?], [w?z] [t?] [ra?t] [?n?v?lz]. [ha???v?], [ma?] [?pe?r?nts], [b??и] [?v] [hu?m] [ke?m] [fr?m] [?m?p?v?r??t] [?bжkgra?ndz] [?nd] [?na?р?r] [?v] [hu?m] [h?d] [bi?n] [t?] [?k?l??], [t?k] [р?] [vju?] [р?t] [ma?] [???v??rжkt?v] [??mж???ne???n] [w?z] [?n] [??mju?z??] [?p??snl] [kw??k] [р?t] [w?d] [?n?v?] [pe?] [?] [?m??g??], [??] [s??kj??r] [?] [?p?n??n]. [a?] [n??] [р?t] [рi] [?a??r?ni] [stra?ks] [w?р] [р?] [f??s] [?v] [?] [k???tu?n] [?жnv?l], [na?].
[s??] [рe?] [h??pt] [р?t] [a?] [w?d] [te?k] [?] [v???ke???nl] [d??gri?]; [a?] [?w?nt?d] [t?] [?st?di] [???gl??] [?l?t?r???]. [?] [?k?mpr?ma?z] [w?z] [ri??t] [р?t] [?n] [?r?tr??sp?kt] [?sжt?sfa?d] [?n??b?di], [?nd] [a?] [w?nt] [?p] [t?] [?st?di] [?m?d?n] [?lж?gw???z]. [?h??dli] [h?d] [ma?] [?pe?r?nts] [k??] [?ra?nd?d] [р?] [?k??n?r] [?t] [рi] [?nd] [?v] [р?] [r??d] [р?n] [a?] [d??t] [????m?n] [?nd] [?sk?tld] [?f] [da?n] [р?] [?klжs?ks] [?k?r?d??].
[a?] [w?d] [la?k] [t?] [me?k] [?t] [kl??], [?n] [p??r?nи?s?s], [ржt] [a?] [d?] [n?t] [ble?m] [ma?] [?pe?r?nts] [f?] [рe?] [p??nt] [?v] [vju?]. [р?] [z] [?n] [?ks?pa??ri] [de?t] [?n] [?ble?m??] [j?] [?pe?r?nts] [f?] [?st??r??] [j?] [?n] [р?] [r??] [d??r?k??n]; [р?] [?m??m?nt] [j?] [?r] [??ld] [??n?f] [t?] [te?k] [р?] [wi?l], [r?s?p?ns??b?l?ti] [la?z] [w?р] [ju?]. [w?t] [s] [m??], [a?] [?kжn?t] [?kr?t?sa?z] [ma?] [?pe?r?nts] [f?] [?h??p??] [р?t] [a?] [w?d] [?n?v?r] [?ks?p??r??ns] povertyWhat [a?] [f??d] [m??st] [f?] [ma??s?lf] [?t] [j?r] [e??] [w?z] [n?t] [?p?v?ti], [b?t] [?fe?lj?].
[?t] [j?r] [e??], [?n] [spa?t] [?v] [?] [d?s?t??kt] [lжk] [?v] [?m??t??ve???n] [?t] [?ju?n??v??s?ti], [we?r] [a?] [h?d] [sp?nt] [f??] [tu?] [l??] [?n] [р?] [?k?fi] [b??] [?ra?t??] [?st??riz], [?nd] [f??] [tu?] [?l?tl] [ta?m] [?t] [?l?k??z], [a?] [h?d] [?] [nжk] [f?] [?p??s??] [?g?zжm??ne???nz], [?nd] [ржt], [f?] [j??z], [h?d] [bi?n] [р?] [?m???r] [?v] [s?k?s?s] [?n] [ma?] [la?f] [?nd] [р?t] [?v] [ma?] [p??z].
[a?] [?m] [n?t] [d?l] [??n?f] [t?] [s??p??z] [р?t] [b??k?z] [j?] [?] [j??], [?g?ft?d] [?nd] [w?l]-[??dju(?)ke?t?d], [j?] [h?v] [?n?v?] [n??n] [?h??d??p] [??] [?h??tbre?k]. [?tжl?nt] [?nd] [?n?t?l???ns] [?n?v?] [j?t] [??n?kj?le?t?d] [??n?w?n] [??g?nst] [р?] [k??pri?s] [?v] [р?] [fe?ts], [?nd] [a?] [d?] [n?t] [f?r] [?] [?m??m?nt] [s??p??z] [р?t] [??vr?w?n] [h??] [h?z] [?n????d] [?n] [?g?z?st?ns] [?v] [?n?r?fld] [?pr?v?l??] [?nd] [k?n?t?ntm?nt].
[na?], [a?] [?m] [n?t] [?g????] [t?] [stжnd] [h??r] [?nd] [t?l] [j?] [р?t] [?fe?lj?] [z] [f?n]. [ржt] [?p??r??d] [?v] [ma?] [la?f] [w?z] [?] [d??k] [w?n], [?nd] [a?] [h?d] [n??] [a??d??] [р?t] [р?] [w?z] [?g????] [t?] [bi] [w?t] [р?] [pr?s] [h?z] [s?ns] [?r?pr??z?nt?d] [?z] [?] [ka?nd] [?v] [?fe?ri] [te?l] [?r?z??lu???n]. [a?] [h?d] [n??] [a??d??] [р?n] [ha?] [f??] [р?] [?t?nl] [?ks?t?nd?d], [?nd] [f?r] [?] [l??] [ta?m], [??ni] [la?t] [?t] [рi] [?nd] [?v] [?t] [w?z] [?] [h??p] [?r??р?] [р?n] [?] [ri(?)?жl?ti].