2. Jane arrived late at different places yesterday. What had happened when she arrived at each place?

Example: When she arrived at the station her train had already left.

1. the station her train / already / leave

2. the theatre the play / already / start

3. the post-office it / already / close

4. the dress-shop they / sell / the dress she wanted to buy

5. Jack's house he / go out

6. the cafe her friend / just / leave

7. the tennis court the game / nearly / finish

3. First, say which action happened first, then join the sentences using the words in brackets, as in the example.

1. He saved a lot of money. Then, he bought a car. (when) saved a lot of money: happened first

When he had saved a lot of money, he bought a car.

2. She hung out the washing. Then, it began to rain, (after) ...

3. Fiona tidied the house. Then,, the children arrived home, (by the time) ...

4. The guests left. Then, she started cleaning, (when)...

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5. The girls put on their uniforms. Then, they went to school, (before) ...

6. The meeting started. Then, the lights went out. (already.... when) .„

4. Make up a complex sentence combining two simple sentences.

Example: The children went to bed. They did Iheir lessons. The children went to bed after they had done their lessons.

1. She wrote a very good article. She studied the problem thoroughly.

2. She learned the poem by heart. She listened to the record many times.

3. She fell ill. They moved to Siberia.

4. We packed our things. The taxi arrived.

5. Read the situation and write sentences from the words in brackets.

1. You went to Jill's house, but she wasn't there, (she / go / out)

2. You went back to your home town after many years. It wasn't the same as before, (it / change / a lot)

3.1 invited Rachel to the party but she couldn't come, (she /arrange / to do something

else)

4. You went to the cinema last night You arrived at the cinema late, (the film /

already / start)

5.1 was very pleased to see Tim again after such a long time. (I / not / see / him for

five years)

6.1 offered Sue something to eat but she wasn't hungry, (she /just / have / breakfast)

6. Choose the correct words.

11 didn't see him. When I got there he (went / had gone) home.

2. When I (had done / did) my work I went to bed.

3. After I had finished breakfast, I (went / had gone) for a walk.

4. When I switched on the computer, nothing (had happened / happened) so I called an engineer.

7. Supply the past simple or the past perfect Show when both are possible

1. They... the gates before I... there, (lock, get)

2. By the time we... the party... (arrive, finish)

3. After we... it on the phone, I... him a letter about it (discuss, write)

4. Before we... Tim to the theatre, he... a stage play before, (take, never see)

5. We... a good rest when our guests... . (have, all leave)

8. Complete the following sentences using the past perfect or the past continuous

1. When I turned round she...

2. Everybody believed that they ...

3. We walk...

4. They thought that she...

5. When they arrived in London it...

6. When he reached the house his wife...

9. Supply the past simple, the past continuous or the past perfect.

1. When... the ceremony (take place)?

2. Two cars... (stand by) for an hour ready to start.

3.1 could read from his face that he... (hesitate) to tell the truth.

4. She... (lead) him to the cab that ... (wait) at the door.

5. My father ... (be) forty and... (be) a widower for fifteen years.

6. He... (stand up) quickly and... (clasp) his hands which — (tremble). 7.1... (meet) him for the first time the day before yesterday.

8. He asked her where she... (stay) because he... (want) to see her again.

10. Read the following sets of sentences and say how the meaning changes.

1. a). Paul had left when Sheila arrived, b). Paul left when Sheila arrived.

2. a). She was locking the door when she heard a strange noise outside, b). She locked the door when she heard a strange noise outside.

1. a). He read the book last night.

b). He was reading the book last night.

11. Look at Pam's day. Combine these sentences in the correct order. Begin your sentences with when.

Example: Mr Barnett dictated three letters. Pam typed them.

When Mr Barnett had dictated three letters, Pam typed them (9.00) Mr Barnett dictated diree letters.

(15.10) Pam rang Jeff.

(12.30) Pam had a cup of tea.

(17.00) Pam went home.

(15.00) Pam spoke to the sales manager.

(14.00) Pam had lunch.

(16.45) Pam tidied the office.

(13.45) Pam typed a report.

(10.15) Pam made two telephone calls.

(15.30) Pam sent two telexes.

(11.00) Mr Barnett dictated a report

(16.00) Pam spoke to the Publicity Manager.

(10.00) Pam made coffee.

(9.30) Pam typed three letters.

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12. Look at these phrases.

sweep the drive; paint the garage; empty the dust bins; plant the flowers.

dig the garden;

cut the grass;

repair the roof;

burn the leaves;

wash the car;

Now practise this conversation with your partner, using the phrases in the list.

A. Did you see my father yesterday?

B. Yes. Why?

A. Well, had he dug the garden?

B. He'd started, but he hadn't finished. He didn't look very pleased.

A. I know. I'd already dug it myself, but he wanted to do it again.

B. Had you? A. Yes, I had.

IV. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

The Past Perfect Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в Past Perfect и причастия 1 основного глагола (табл. 7).

Таблица 7 Positive

Употребляется для выражения:

1. Длительного действия, которое началось в прошлом и закончилось к определенному моменту в прошлом: Не was out of breath. He had been running fast.

2. Длительного действия, которое началось раньше момента в прошлом и продолжалось в определенный момент в прошлом: Не had been teaching English for ten years when we met.

При этом может быть обозначен как весь период (предлог for), в течение которого длилось действие, так и начальный момент (since):

We had been smoking in silence for a few minutes before he spoke again. He had been studying foreign languages since he became a student. Время действия может быть обозначено такими обстоятельствами, как for, since.

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Exercises

1. Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets using the past perfect continuous.

1.1 was tired when I arrived home. (I / work / hard all day)...

2. There was nobody in the room but there was a smell of sigarettes. (somebody / smoke / in the room)...

3. Jim came into the house. He had a football and he was very tired, (he / play / football) ...

4. Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened, (she / dream)...

5. When I got home, Mike was sitting in front of the TV. He had just turned it off. (he/watch/TV)...

2. Supply the past perfect continuous tense of the vert» in brackets.

1.1 was tired. I... (work) all day long.

2. The room was empty but there was a smell of cigarettes. Somebody ... (smoke) in the

room.

3. He turned to the girl who ... (listen) to the conversation with breathless interest.

4. It was very hot in the house and she... (lie) awake for hours.

5. It... (snow) heavily and the telephone was cut down.

6. It... (rain) for weeks and the only bridge across the river was destroyed.

7. He... (study) the problem for a few years before he could solve it

3. Fill in the gaps with one of the verbs from the list in the past perfect continuous:

read, scream, argue, try, eat, watch

1. Emily was angry. She ..had been arguing., with her parents for an hour.

2. Mary felt sick. She... chocolates all afternoon.

3. Allan had a headache. His baby sister... for half an hour.

4. Emily was frightened. She... a horror film for half an hour.

5. Simon was confused. He... to win the game for hours.

6. John was very tired. He... all night

4. Complete the questions.

Example: How long had you been learning English before... (take up German)? How long had you been learning English before you took up German?

1. How long had they been saving up money before.» (buy a car)?

2. How long had he been writing poems before... (publish a book)?

3. How long had you been listening to mis record before... (understand ever word)?

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4. How long had you been taking this medicine before... (get well)?

5. How long had you been reading English books in adaptation before... (read them in the original)?

6. How long had the studio been making mis film before... (release it)?

7. How long had they been meeting before... (get married)?

5. Make up sentences with the past perfect continuous tense.

Example: Mother / teach literature for 20 years / retire.

Mother had been teaching literature for 20 years before she retired.

1. Your friend / live in London for 5 years / move to the Far East.

2. She / take this medicine for a week / recover.

3. He / write books for a few years / rise to fame.

4. He / work as an engineer for ten years / become a good specialist.

5. He / compose music for two years / become popular.

6. Mr. Brown / travel in India for three years / settle down in his native town.

when I came upon his name in a newspaper.

6 . Make up sentences complete the suitable parts from the right and left-hand columns.

1 They had been experimenting for a y year

Before the palace was open for the public.

2 He had been writing poetry for some years

before they achieved some promising results.

3 They had been repairing the palace for a few years

before his first collection of poems came out

before she became a pensioner.

4 He had been working very hard for a few years

51 had been living in London for a year

before he could keep bis family.

7. Give reasons for each situation below using past perfect continuous as in the example.

Example: Tina was wet. She had been walking in the rain without an umbrella.

1. Fiona's eyes were red. 4. Ann felt sleepy.

2. Tim felt exhausted. 5. Tom was hot and sticky.

3. John was dirty. 6. Liz had a headache.

8. Identify the tenses in bold then match them to the correct tense description. How is each tense formed? When do we use each tense?

1. She had finished her homework by the time her mother got home.

2. He was tired because he had been working hard all day.

3. He had been studying for two years before he got his degree.

a. past action continuing over a period up to a certain time in the past.

b. past action which happened before another in the past.

с past action if a certain duration with visible results in the past.

9. Put the verbs in brackets into the past perfect or the past perfect continuous.

1. A: Did you do anything last night?

B: I went to the gym and I ...had just arrived... (just / arrive) home when Michael called me. He said he... (try) to call me for ten minutes before I finally answered the phone.

2. A: Did you catch any fish on your fishing trip today?

B: Yes.... (sit) in the boat for two hours when I caught a huge fish.

3. A: Did you enjoy the open-air conceit today?

B: The concert... (just / start) when suddenly, it began to rain.

The musicians... (only / play) for ten minutes. A: What a shame!

4. A: Was the house tidy when you got home?

B: Yes, the children... (dust) the furniture and they... (put away) all of their toys.

5. A: Why were you so upset this morning?

B : Well, I... (clean) the house for hours when the children came in with muddy shoes.

6. A: Why are you so late for work this morning?

B: I'm sorry. I... (wait) for the train for over an hour before it eventually arrived.

10. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Put the verb in the correct form, past perfect or past perfect continuous.

1. We were all surprised when Jenny and Andy got married last year, (they/only/know/each other/a few weeks)...

2. Suddenly I woke up. I was confused and didn't know where I was. (I/dream)...

3.1 wasn't hungry at lunchtime so I didn't have anything to eat. (I/have/a big breakfast)...