13. Join the sentences below using when, while, and, so or as/ because

1. The sun was shining. A. His wife was getting dressed

2. Bill was watching TV. B. He was very tired.

3.1 was having a bath. C. The birds were singing.

4. I heard a noise in the garden. D. 1 went to see what it was.

5. He went to bed early last night. E. My doorbell rang.

14. Look at the sentences in exercise 13. Which tenses are used for:

1. actions which happened one after the other?

2. a past action in progress interrupted by another past action?

3. past actions of a certain duration which happened at the same time?

4. an action which happened at a definite past time?

5. giving a background description to events in a story?

15. Adam had a terrible day yesterday.

A. Use the prompts and linking words given to tell the story.

When, while, as

1. he get out of bed / trip over the rug / fall and hurt leg

2. he make breakfast / spill coffee and burn fingers

3. he wait for bus / it start to rain

4. he watch TV / cat knock over expensive antique vase / it smash on floor

15

e.g. As he was getting out of bed, he tripped over the rug and hurt his leg.

B. Adam is writing a letter to his friend. He is describing what happened yesterday. Look at exercise A and complete his letter.

Dear Alan,

I hope you're well. Sorry for not writing to you sooner, but I've been very busy lately. You can't imagine what a terrible day I had yesterday. It all started early in the morning when the telephone rang. As I was getting out of bed, I tripped over the

rug, fell and hurt my leg

1 hope I won't have such a terrible day again.

Best wishes, Adam

16. A Look at the notes below and say what Rick did yesterday, using the linking words from the list:

first, then, next, after that, finally 7 am get up

7:15 - 8:15 have breakfast

8:30 - 9 am drive to work

11 am -1 pm talk to some clients

1:30-2 pm have a lunch break

4 - 5 pm prepare a speech

5:30-6:30 drive home

В Now, in pairs, ask and answer questions about what Rkk was doing at the times in the list below

7:30 am 11:30 am 4:30 pm

8:45 am 1:45 pm 6 pm

17. Imagine that you were present when these things happened, then, in pairs, ask and answer questions, as in the example.

SA: What were you doing when the burglar broke in? SB: I was watching TV. SA: What did you do? SB: I called for help.

1. The burglar broke in.

2. The lights went out.

3. The boat overturned.

4. The earthquake hit.

5. The building caught fire.

16

18. Read these lists.

А В

wash the car; sit ш an armchair,

work in the garden; listen to the radio;

paint the kitchen; watch television;

do the washing up; read the newspaper;

clean the windows. look at some magazines.

Now practise these conversations with a partner, using phrases from the lists.

a) A: John came round to see me yesterday.

B: Did he? What were you doing? A: I was ... (listA)

B: Did he help you?

b) A: Did Peter... (list A) yesterday?

B: I don't know. He certainly wasn't (list A) when I went round to see him.

A: What was he doing?

B: He wasn't doing anything really. He was just (list B).

19. A policeman is asking Mrs. Hutchinson about a car accident she happened to see yesterday. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past continuous.

20. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous.

Dear Rick,

I'm writing to you from my hotel in Switzerland.

I'm having a lovely time here but you can't imagine what... (happen) to me yesterday. I... (be) on the mountain with my friends and we ... (have) a lovely time because the snow ... (be) perfect for skiing. Unfortunately the sun ... (shine) on the snow, so it... (be) difficult to see. Suddenly, I... (hit) a rock and I -. (fall) over.

17

Luckily I... (not/be) seriously hurt -1 just... (get) a few bruises. Now I'm trying to be more careful!

I'll see you when I get back.

Best wishes,

Kevin.

21. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous

She 1) was lying., (lie) in bed when she 2) ... (hear) a sudden noise. She 3)... (open) her eyes in horror. Someone 4)... (open) a downstairs window; they 5)... (try) to get into her house. She 6)... (climb) slowly out of bed and 7)... (creep) to the door. She 8) ... (stand) very still and listening carefully when she 9) ... (see) a light downstairs. It 10) ... (move) about as if someone 11)... (hold) a torch and searching for something. She 12) „. (know) that they 13)... (look) for her

22. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous. Then say which uses of these tenses are shown in each extract.

A. Charlie Chaplin ..became., (become) one of the best-known personalities in America within two years of his first appearance in motion pictures. He ... (be) so famous that no studio could afford to pay him, so he ... (appear) only in films which he... (produce) himself.

B. It „. (happen) at ten o'clock last night. John ... (sit) in his cosy living room with his wife and children. They ... (watch) the evening news on TV when suddenly, the lights... (go out) and everything in the house... (become) quiet.

C. The boys ... (play) football on the river bank while the girls... (talk). Everyone ... (enjoy) the picnic when suddenly they... (hear) a loud cry from further up the river. They all... (rush) to see what was wrong.

D. In prehistoric times, people ... (live) in caves. They ... (hunt) animals which they then ... (use) for food and clothing. They... (make) everything by themselves and they... (have) very simple lives.

E. Steve ... (have) an accident yesterday. He ... (drive) his car when a bird ... (fly) into the windscreen. He ... (try) to stop quickly but he ...(crash) into a wall. Luckily, he... (not/be) hurt.

F. Julie... (tidy) her bedroom last weekend. While she... (tidy) it, she... (find) some of the toys she... (have) when she was a child. She... (not/want) to throw them away, so she... (put) them in a box and... (store) them in the attic.

23. Put the verbs in brackets into the past continuous or the past simple.

It 1) ... (be) a beautiful spring morning when Emma and her father 2)... (decide) to visit Seaton Castle. The sun 3) ... (shine) and the birds 4)... (sing). Emma 5)... (feel) very excited. The castle 6)... (be) very old and made of stone. They 7)... (climb) the steps to the top of the tower. While they 8)... (admire) the view, they 9)... (hear)

18

some noises. They 10) ... (look) around but they 11) ... (not/ see) anybody. After a while they 12) ... (decide) to visit the cellar of the castle. Emma 13) ... (examine) an old barrel when she 14) ... (hear) the door of the ceDar close behind them. 'Dad,'she IS)... (say),'don't close the door!' 'But, 116)... (not/ close) it, dear,' her father said Emma 17)... (turn) around and 18)... (see) a shadow on the wall. She 19)... (know) then that the ghost of Seaton Castle 20)... (watch) them!

24. Put in the past simple or past continuous. Note where both forms are possible.

Tug-of-war with a hedgehog

Mrs. May, our District Nurse, (drive)... home at 3 am. one night after an urgent visit to a sick patient. She (drive)... along a deserted country lane, when she (see)... a new kind of animal. She (stop)... her car and (get out)... The animal (be)... clearly visible

In the blaze of her headlights. It (look)... Like a hedgehog with a tall white hat. It

(cross)... the road without paying any attention to Mrs. May. When Mrs. May (go)...

close to it, she (notice)... that there was a plastic yoghurt pot on the hedgehog's head.

The poor creature had got its head stuck in the plastic head! Her instincts as a nurse

(tell)... her she would have to rescue it, so she (pull)... at the pot, but the hedgehog

(pull)... to. After a struggle, she (pull)... the pot off the hedgehog's head. May (think)... the hedgehog (look)... rather sad, when she (notice)... that the pot was half full of strawberry yoghurt. She (give)... it back to the hedgehog. The creature (seize) ... it, (put)... it on its head again, and triumphantly (continue)... its journey across the

road.

III. Past perfect

The Past Perfect Tense образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в Past Simple и причастия П (Participle II) смыслового глагола (табл. 6).

Таблица 6

19

Употребляется для выражения:

1. Действия, которое произошло раньше другого действия в прошлом, выраженного формой Past Simple.

When Mary arrived at the party, Paul had gone home.

2. Действия, которое закончилось к определенному моменту в прошлом. Данный момент в прошлом может быть выражен точным указанием времени (года, числа, часа и т.д.) с предлогом времени by (к) или другим прошедшим действием, событием, ситуацией.

P: What „were you doing., (you/do) when you... (see) the accident madam?

H: 1... (walk) down the street

P: What exactly... (you/ see)?

H: Well, the driver of the car... (drive) down the road when suddenly th old man just

... (step) in front of him! It... (be) terrible!

P: ... (the driver/ speed)?

H: No, not really, but the old man... (not/ look) both ways before he... (try) to cross

the road.

P: ... (anyone else/see) the accident?

H: Yes; the lady in the post office. \

P: Thank you very much.

They had finished the experiment by Saturday. Время действия может быть обозначено такими обстоятельствами, как by the time, after, before, by six o' clock/ midnight, etc.

Exercises

1. Answer the following questions using the past perfect tense.

1 .Why couldn't you get into the flat? (lose the key)

2. Why did you come so soon from your holiday? (spend all the money)

3. Why didn't you ring Tom up? (quarrel with him)

4. Why didn't Mike bring the photos to the party? (not develop mem)

5. Why were you late for classes yesterday? (miss the 8 o'clock train)

6. Why didn't you cook salad? (not buy vegetables)

7. Why did he feel so upset? (lose his job)