Материал: Категория прошедшего времени в английском языке. Крючкова Т.М

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего

профессионального образования

Воронежский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет

Кафедра русского языка

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КАТЕГОРИЯ ПРОШЕДШЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ

В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

методические указания для студентов 2-го курса международного факультета

Воронеж 2005

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Составитель Т. М. Крючкова УДК 802. 0 (07)

Категория прошедшего времени в английском языке [Текст]: метод, указания для проведения практич. занятий для студ. 2-го курса международного факультета по дисциплине «Английский язык» / Воронеж, гос. арх.-строит, ун-т; Сост.: Т. М. Крючкова. - Воронеж, 2005.-ЗЗс.

з Введение

Методические указания предназначены для ознакомления студентов с категорией прошедшего времени в английском языке при помощи комплекса грамматических и коммуникативных заданий и упражнений.

Содержание указаний соответствует программе курса и является дополнительным материалом к основному учебно-методическому комплексу.

Главная цель методических указаний - сформировать у студентов умения распознавать формы прошедшего времени и правильно употреблять их в речи.

Учебный материал содержит пять разделов. Первые четыре раздела лмеют единую структуру: теоретический материал на русском языке, касающийся прошедшего времени, и грамматические задания на закрепление навыков употребления прошедших времен. Пятый раздел содержит упражнения, позволяющие проверить степень усвоения данного в указаниях материала.

Указания состоят из пяти разделов. Первые четыре раздела содержат теоретический материал на русском языке, касающийся прошедших времен в английском языке, и грамматические и коммуникативные упражнения. В пятом разделе - упражнения, проверяющие степень усвоения данного в указаниях материала.

Предназначены для студентов второго курса международного факультета.

Табл. 8. Библиогр.: 6 назв.

Печатается по решению редакпиошю-издательского совета Воронежского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета

Рецензент - Н.В. Петько, ассистент кафедры русского языка ВГАСУ

I. Past Simple

The Past Simple Tense образуется путем прибавления окончания -ed или -d (если глагол оканчивается на гласный е) к основе правильных глаголов или путем различных изменений глагольной основы (для неправильных глаголов). Вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to do в Past Simple (did) и инфинитива смыслового глагола без частицы to (табл. 1).

Positive

Таблица 1

I, you he,

she, it, we, they

studied saw etc.

study see etc.

Negative

didn't

I, you he,

she, it, we, they

Question

2. Последовательность действий в прошлом.

Не took a bath, shaved carefully, put on a fresh shirt and left.

3. Повторяющихся действий в прошлом, характеризующих привычки или чувства, свойственные кому-то в прошлом.

Every afternoon he smoked a thick black cigar after dinner. Время действия может быть обозначено такими обстоятельствами, как yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last month, last year, last night, last time, two days (three days) ago, in 1990 etc.

Exercises

1. Put in was/were or wasn't/ weren't.

1. You... at home last night. Where... you?

2. Yesterday... a public holiday so the shops... closed.

3.'... Sue and Jack at the party?' 'Sue... there but Jack....'

4. George... at work last week because he „. ill. He's better now.

5. We... hungry after the journey but we... tired.

Глагол to be в прошедшем времени имеет форму was для единственного числа и were для множественного числа, а также для 2-го лица множественного числа (табл. 2)

Таблица 2 Positive

2. Write the questions. Use the words in brackets in the correct order + was/ were.

1. (late/you/this morning/why?)

2. (difficult/your exam?)

3. (last week/where/Ann and Jack?)

4. (your new camera/how much?)

5. (nice/the weather/last week?)

The traffic was bad. No, it was easy. They were on holiday. Sixty pounds. Yes, it was nice.

3. Write the past simple of the verbs in the list in the correct box.

stay, bake, fry, complete, try, hire, rub, travel, ply, cry, destroy, promise (табл. 3).

Таблица 3

The Past Simple употребляется для выражения:

1- Действий, которые происходили или произошли в прошлом. They went to the seaside last summer.

4. Write the past simple and the past participle of these verbs. Then choose five verbs and make sentences using the past simple.

Example: become -became -become; begin, blow, creep, dig, drive, eat, fall, feel, hang, hear, hurt, know, leave, lead, lose, meet, see, sold, sleep, stand, tell, understand, wake, win, write.

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5. Write sentences about the past

1. He writes a letter to Jane every week. Last week ...

2. She meets her friends every evening. She... yesterday evening.

3. They buy a new car every year. Last year...

4. We usually do our shopping on Monday. ... last Monday.

5. Bill always loses his keys. He... last Saturday.

6. Ann often takes photographs. Last ...

7. We usually go to the cinema on Sunday. ... last Sunday.

8. We leave home at 8.30 every morning. ... this morning.

9. He always goes to work by car. Yesterday ...

10. They always get up early. This morning they...

6. Supply the past forms of the irregular verbs in italics.

1. I often see Jack. I saw him again only yesterday.

2. As teenagers, we always... each other very well. We still understand each other.

3. We always meet on Sunday. We... last Sunday as usual.

4.1 often find things on the beach. I... this very old bottle yesterday. 5. She is very good at figures, you know. She... first in maths at school. 6.1 have the same car now that I... five years ago. 7.1 don't keep pets now, but I... a dog when I was a boy. 8. Where did you eat last night? - We... at a restaurant. 9.1... a lot of letters when I was young. I hardly ever write letters now. 10.1 hardly... Ray's wife. Did you know her at all?

7. Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative.

1. It was warm, so I (take) off my coat. 2.1 was angry because they (be) late.

3. We (go) to Kate's house but she (be) at home.

4. She wasn't hungry, so she (eat) anything.

5. Ann (spend) a lot of money. She (buy) a new dress which (cost) $ 100.

6. We (invite) them to our party but they (decide) to come.

7. It (be) a funny situation but nobody (laugh).

8. The hotel wasn't very expensive. It (cost) a lot of money. 9.1 was very tired, so I (go) to bed early.

10. The film wasn't very good. I (enjoy) it very much.

8. Write an appropriate questions for each answer.

A... B. I got up early, went to the sea, bathed and lay in the sun.

A... B. The weather was sunny and hot.

A... B. My friend and I rented a nice room in a private house.

A... B. No, it was not far from the sea.

A... B. We cooked our meals at home.

A... B. Vegetables and fruit were not very expensive.

9. Give complete answers to these questions using the time references in brackets.

1. When did you work as a civil servant? (five years ago). I worked as a civil servant five years ago.

2. When did you last play football? (when I was 14)

3. What time did John arrive? (at 4 o' clock)

4. When did you last see «Gone with the wind»? (2 days ago)

5. How long did you wait at the airport? (till they arrived)

10. Write 5-10 sentences about yourself. What did you do yesterday or what happened yesterday?

11. Complete the text Use the correct form of the past simple.

I (visit) Istambul in 1997. I (go) there with my friend. We (not understand) Turkish unfortunately. Sometimes people (not understand) us, but it (not matter). They (be) very friendly. We (see) many beautiful buildings. We (not have) much money, so we (try) to live cheaply. We (eat) a lot of bread and cheese. We (have) a wonderful time in Turkey and I'm sure we'll go back there some day.

11. Put in the correct forms of the past simple tense of the verbs in brackets.

Lizardman

Christopher Davis, a young driver from South Carolina, (claim)... a monster (attack) ... him while he was driving along a lonely road. The monster (be)... seven feet tall and (have)... red eyes and green skin. It (chase)... Christopher's car and (jump)... on the roof. Many people (believe)... the story and the newspapers (call)... the monster «Lizardman». Seventy hunters recently (set out)... to trap Lizardman and a local radio (offer) ... $1 million to anyone who (capture)... him dead or alive. Lizardman had so much publicity that thousands of people (visit) ... South Carolina to find him. No one has found him yet. As everyone knows, monsters may or may not exist, but they are very good for the tourist industry!

A... B. I went to the Black Coast in summer.

A... B. I spent there a fortnight.

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Past Simple versus Present Perfect

Сравните времена по таблице 4:

Таблица 4

Exercises 1. What's the difference between the following sentences?

1. a). She worked for this company for two years.

b). She has worked for this company for two years.

2. a). I've seen Tom Hanks, b). I saw Elvis Presley.

3. a). She has typed ten letters this morning, b). She typed ten letters this morning.

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2. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect.

1. A: Do you know that man?

B: Oh, yes. He's a very good friend of mine. I... (know) him for about ten years. A: I think I... (meet) him at a business meeting last month.

2. A: Mum... (lose) her purse. B: Where... (she/lose) it?

A: At the supermarket while she was shopping.

3. A: Who was on the telephone? B: It... (be) Jane.

A: Who is Jane?

B: Someone who... (work) in my office for a few years. She's got a new job now.

4. A: Who is your favourite singer?