Материал: PipelineU2

копать траншею

сварка

покрытие

смазка

предотвращать коррозию

опускать в траншею

производить обратную засыпку

герметик

строительная площадка

клапан; вентиль

Ex.2. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations and use them in the situations based on the text:

to stake the right-of-way

to determine the market need

specification of pipe

environmental assessments

construction activities

to stockpile

reclamation

to provide access

to lay the pipe

to bend the pipe

pipe integrity

to restore to the original contour

Ex.3. Pick out from the text antonyms of the following words.

afterwards

last

to begin

to make dirty

to place

to destroy

automatic

external

to disconnect

inside

to leave

loading

to raise

to unfold

maximum

Ex. 4. Complete the sentences according to the text:

1)Initial steps in the planning process include ...

2)Pipeline Construction is usually divided into ...

3)The right-of-way not only contains the pipeline, but ...

4)The right-of-way is leveled and graded to ...

5)Once the ROW is prepared, the trench ...

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6)Individual lengths of pipe are usually welded together using ...

7)Coatings, both inside and outside the pipe, are necessary to ...

8)The pipeline is pressure-tested for a minimum of eight hours using ...

9)The right-of-way is restored to its original contour and ...

Ex. 5. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1)The right-of-way contains only the pipeline.

2)Bucketwheel trenchers or backhoes are used to dig a trench.

3)It is impossible to bend a pipe without destroying its circular profile.

4)Coating the pipe is a very important process of pipeline construction.

5)Valves and other fittings are installed before the pipeline is in place in the trench.

6)Welding machines are used to weld individual lengths of pipe.

7)Some internally coated pipes can’t be joined together by welding.

Ex.6. Answer the following questions:

1)Why does planning for any type of pipeline project often begin years in advance of actual construction?

2)What steps does the planning for a pipeline project include?

3)What are the main phases of pipeline construction?

4)What pre-construction activities do you know?

5)What is the purpose of surveying and staking?

6)What activities does the construction of a pipeline include?

7)What should be done after backfilling the trench?

Ex.7. Match parts of sentences:

Ex.8. Translate the following sentences into English.

1) Известно, что сооружение трубопровода осуществляется в 3 этапа.

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2)Исследование и разметка трассы – один из основных этапов подготовки к сооружению трубопровода.

3)Подготовка трассы трубопровода включает такие виды работ, как расчистка территории от деревьев и кустарников, удаление верхнего слоя почвы и выравнивание земной поверхности.

4)Выбор оборудования для прокладки траншей трубопровода зависит от типа почвы и может включать траншейный экскаватор и самоходный ковшовый траншеекопатель.

5)Отдельные трубы должны быть соединены при помощи сварки.

6)Нанесение защитного покрытия необходимо для защиты труб от коррозии.

7)Трубопровод опускают в траншею при помощи бульдозера, оборудованного боковой стрелой.

8)После того, как трубопровод помещен в траншею, устанавливают клапаны для безопасной эксплуатации данного трубопровода.

9)На завершающем этапе сооружения трубопровода трубы испытывают под давлением.

10)После завершения строительства трубопровода осуществляется рекультивация земель для дальнейшего использования под посевы.

Ex. 9. Speak on the following topics:

1)Pre-construction Activities

2)Construction Activities

3)Post-construction Activities

SUPPLEMENTARY READING

Text 1

Pipeline Technology

Choose from the options in the box the one which best fits each gap. Then do the tasks that follow the text.

coatings, pigs, valves, welding, join, inspections, cylinders, introduced, current

The evolution of pipeline technology parallels advancements in pipeline safety and involves improvements to just about every aspect of pipelines.

Materials –The earliest crude oil and natural gas pipelines in were made either of wrought iron or cast iron. Both of these materials are weaker and more brittle than steel pipe. Steel pipe was ___________ in the latter half of the 19th century and by 1900, was the primary pipe material. It is still 98 to 99 percent iron, but also contains trace amounts of carbon, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium and titanium depending upon end use. All of these alloying materials add strength, toughness, ductility and weldability.

Pipe Making – Pipe is made by forming hollow ___________ from flat sheets of steel and welding the lateral edges together. Electric welding allowed the steel sheets to be formed into tubes at much lower temperatures. As the lateral edges were forced together, an electric ____________ was applied to heat only the weld area and bond the edges together. Using this process, the strength of such seams exceeded that of the pipe material. Seamless pipe was made by rolling solid round “billets” into ovals. In the mid 1940s, arc ___________, where the edges are joined by an electric arc between the pipe material and an electrode of filler metal, was introduced to pipe making. Initially, the seams

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were welded only from the outside surface, but by the late 1940s, welds were made on both the inside and outside surfaces of the pipe. Since the 1950s, stronger grades of steel have been introduced, as well as improved welding, inspection and quality control practices.

Pipe Joining – Pipe sections in early pipelines were joined together using screwed collars, but as pipe diameter and operating pressures increased, other means such as bolted flanges, were implemented. Acetylene welding was first used around 1911 to

___________ pipe segments together (girth welding) and just prior to 1920, arc welding was introduced. Initially, welding techniques required the pipe be rolled as the welds were made. Later advances made it possible to weld in an overhead position.

Corrosion Control – Steel pipe is subject to corrosion when buried in soil, so early pipelines were coated in tar or asphalt as they were being installed. Later advances included epoxy and polyethylene ___________ applied at the manufacturing plant. Following the discovery of corrosion as an electro-chemical process, cathodic protection was introduced. Cathodic protection involves applying a weak direct current of electricity to the pipeline to prevent corrosion. The current flows into the pipe through breaks in the outer coating and protects the bare metal from water and other corrosive agents.

Maintenance – To ensure the integrity and safety of their pipelines pipeline operators monitor their pipelines 24 hours per day, seven days per week from central control centres and use aircraft to visually inspect their right-of-ways looking for signs of leaks. Maintenance programs include scheduled _____________ of valves and other components, regular pipeline integrity testing and regular inspections of crossings.

Pipelines are cleaned internally by bullet-shaped devices known as “pigs” because of the squealing noise they make as they travel through the pipeline. They remove wax, paraffin and water from the pipeline. Smart pigs contain instruments which measure and record various aspects of pipeline integrity. Smart pigs use ultrasonic waves or magnetic resonance to detect and record pits, fatigue cracks and other thickness variations in the pipeline walls before problems occur. Ongoing advances in smart pig technology provide for detection on a smaller and smaller scale. Most smart ____________ now have GPS capabilities, improving the ability to locate such potential problems.

Should a pipeline need repair, valves in the pipeline are used to isolate the section and the damaged area is either repaired or replaced. Valves are located at regular intervals along the pipeline so that only small sections and not the entire line need to be purged.

Most pipeline systems are monitored remotely from computerized control centres. Control ___________ located at regular intervals along the line close automatically if pressure drops are detected to limit the amount of throughput spilled. Pipelines are also monitored by low-flying aircraft and ground crews with specialized detection equipment. Inline inspection equipment is also used to detect potential problems with the pipe and joints or welds. Pipeline operators can also “walk the line” and locate any leaks with highly sensitive detection equipment.

Task 1. Give the Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations and use them in sentences based on the texts:

- steel pipe, trace amounts, alloying materials, to bond the edges together, seamless pipe, arc welding, screwed collars, operating pressures, welding techniques, to be subject to corrosion, manufacturing plant, cathodic protection, to prevent corrosion, signs of leaks, maintenance programs, pipeline integrity testing, smart pigs, damaged area, to be located at regular intervals, to be monitored remotely, detection equipment.

Task 2. Match A and B.

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Task 3. Compose and write down 7-8 special questions on the contents of the text. Present them in class.

__________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Task 4. Make up a plan of the text in the form of statements. Retell the text according to your plan.

__________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Text 2

Pipe Welding

Read the text and decide which answer (A, B or C) best fits each space. Then do the tasks that follow the text.

With the ditch having been made and the pipe delivered, welding begins. The pipe joints are placed over the ditch for welding. As welding proceeds, a section of pipeline

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