a) find out b) create c) satisfy
7. The team’s systems analysts will create … of application specifications.
a) data b) a series c) a criteria
Task 12. Transform the given sentences using the words in brackets without any change in meanings.
1. Distributed processing in a client/server or peer-to-peer environment is very popular because it provides high levels of processing power at a low cost (means).
2. It eliminates much of the design work required with programming languages or application development tools (eliminated).
3. Most commercial software cannot be modified to exactly meet every system requirement (modification).
4. Like commercial software, a turnkey system must be extensively evaluated to determine whether it can satisfy system requirement (as…as).
5. At a higher level of automation, a magnetic strip reader automates the process of entering a credit card number (automatically).
6. A further level of automation is achieved by using a pressure-sensitive digitizing pad and stylus to collect customer signatures (collecting).
7. The project team should identify several potential hardware and software solutions by brainstorming and researching case studies at Web sites and in computer magazines (when).
Task 13. Fill in the gaps in the text.
In the ___ phase of the SDLC, the project team identifies solutions, evaluates those solutions, and then selects the best one. It is possible that a ___ system might offer a complete hardware and software solution. The project team can use a___ support worksheet to evaluate solutions based on general, technical, and functional criteria.
After the project team selects a solution, it can then select the specific hardware and software products to build the new information system. The project team might send out a request for ___, asking vendors to recommend a solution and specify hardware and software requirements.
As an alternative, when team members know exactly what hardware and software they need for the solution, they can send out a request for ___, which simply asks for vendor prices. After selecting hardware and software, the team can develop ___ specifications that descried the way the new information system should interact with the user, store data, process data, and format reports.
Task 14. Speaking. Discuss the following question.
What happens in the design phase?
How does the project team come up with solution?
What hardware alternatives are available?
What software alternatives are available?
How does the team choose the best solution?
How does the project team find the right hardware and software for the new information system?
What’s an RFP and RFQ?
How does the project team evaluate an RFP or RFQ?
What happens after the project team selects a solution?
What is the importance of application specifications?
Task 15. Match the terms with their definitions.
system testing - is the process of modifying a commercial
` application to reflect an organization’s needs;
integration testing - ensures that module operates reliably and correctly;
software customization - is performed to ensure that the modules operate together correctly;
acceptance testing - is a place where software testing can occur without disrupting the organization’s regular information system, or it might be located on an entirely separate computer system;
unit testing - ensures that all hardware and software components work together correctly;
test area - is designed to verify that the new Information system works as required;
user documentation - is staffed by technical support specialists familiar with the information system software;
procedure handbook - describes a system’s features, hardware architecture, and programming;
help desk - describes how to interact with the system to accomplish specific tasks;
system documentation - is a type of user documentation that contains step-by-step instructions for performing specific tasks;
phased conversion - means that the old system is completely deactivated and the new system is immediately activated;
direct conversion - avoids some of the risk of direct conversion because the old system remains in service while some or all of the new system is activated;
pilot conversion - works well with larger information systems that are modularized because the new system is activated one module at a time;
parallel conversion - works well in organizations with several branches that have independent information processing systems because the new information system is activated at one branch at a time.
Task 16. Match the beginnings of the sentences in the first column with the endings in the second.
1. Unit testing and integration testing are 2. When a problem is discovered during unit testing or integration testing 3. System conversion refers 4. When converting data from an existing computer system to a new system 5. A system operator and a systems programmer are 6. The help desk technician begins
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a) responsible for system maintenance. … a programmer typically writes. b) conversion software to read the old data and convert it into a format that is usable by the new system. c) … usually performed in a test area. d) … the team must track down the source of the problem and correct it. e) … to troubleshoot the problem and soon realizes that it is caused by a programming error not caught during system testing. f) … to the process of deactivating an old information system and activating a new one. |
Task 17. Put the letters in the following words into the correct order.
sienncovor ruvis sinrution shoyubtleroot cascumcriten agerost
Task 18. Fill in the blanks choosing from the variants given.
1. Application testing is performed in three ways integration testing, unit testing and … .
a) data testing b) program testing c) system testing
2. When a problem is discovered during unit testing or integration testing, the team must … the source of the problem and correct it.
a) investigate b) produce c) include
3. Unit testing and integration testing are repeated to make sure the problem is … .
a) activated b) converted c) solved
4. System conversion refers to the process of deactivating an old … system and activating a new one.
a) information b) operating c) support
5. An information system is likely to undergo many … to meet a company’s needs.
a) changes b) formats c) systems
6. Many organizations establish a help desk … end-user problems.
a) to divide b) to manage c) to enlarge
7. The help desk technician begins to troubleshoot the problem and soon … that it is caused by a programming error not caught during system testing.
a) forgets b) repeats c) understands
Task 19. Match the beginnings and the endings of the instructions/steps given and put them into correct order.
1. Create debugger as a system software that helps programmers 2. After that write the specifications and design the computer system and the methods for the information system 3. Write the program in a specific programming language, that specifically refers 4. Depending on the organization and its size, the systems analyst’s tasks are 5. Next step is to interview the people who will be using the system 6. With the help of testing and acceptance, make sure the system works properly and 7. Then determine which people and what kind of software, hardware, and monetary resources are 8. Keep system working properly and, if business procedures or conditions are changed, |
a) to determine their needs, problems, and expectations. b) to solve the problem. c) turn it over to the users with accompanying training, as necessary. d) to writing source code. e) necessary or available to solve the problem. f) to analyze the problem to be solved, the data to be input, the expected output, and other system considerations. g) identify errors. h) improve them. |
Task 20. Speaking. Discuss the following questions.
Does a new information system typically require new hardware?
What the next step in the implementation phase?
What is application testing?
What documentation does the project team create during the implementation phase?
How do employees learn how to use the new information system?
How does a business switch from the old information system to the new system?
What happens during the maintenance phase?
How important is system security during this phase?
Who is responsible for system maintenance?
Why do maintenance activities include user support?
Task 21. Do the tasks in the following test.
1. In the analysis phase, the project team determines how the new information system will meet the requirements. (True/False)
2. A … tool is a software application that is designed for documenting system requirements, diagramming current information systems, scheduling development tasks and developing computer programs.
3. The process of planning and building a new information system is referred to as systems … and design.
4. The goal of the…phase is to produce a list of requirements for a new or revised information system.
5. A Project Development Plan typically must be approved by the management before a project proceeds beyond the planning phase. (True/False)
6. In an information system context, a … is an exchange between two parties that is recorded and stored in a computer system.
7. Generally most transaction processing systems provide managers with detail reports that contain all the information needed to understand and analyze data. (True/False)
8. A transaction …- system provides a way to process, store, display, modify, or cancel transactions.
9. During the … phase, the project team supervises the tasks necessary to construct the new information system.
10. If you have a question about the information system you are using, the first step to finding the answer is to call the help desk. (True/False)
11. In the … phase, the project team identifies potential solutions, evaluates these solutions, and then selects the best solution.
12. If a project- team selects turnkey solution the next step would be to have the team’s system analysts create a set of application specifications. (True/False)
13. … processing using client/server or peer-to-peer architecture provides high level processing power at a low cost.
14. Which of the following documents ask a vendor both to recommend hard ware and software for an information system solution and to provide the vendors qualifications to implement the solution.
a) request for quotation c) request for solution
b) request for qualifications d) none of the above
15. Which type of transaction processing systems collects and holds a group of transactions for processing until the end of a day or a pay period.
a) online processing c) group processing
b) batch processing d) rollback processing
16. Unit testing is normally performed in a test area. (True/False)
17. Which phase of an SDLC is usually the most expensive?
18. The analysis phase concludes when the System Requirement Report is written. (True/False)
19. An expert system uses fuzzy logic to deal with imprecise data by asking for a level of confidence with an DLTP system, if one step fails during the transaction, the record will … to their original state.
20. All of the following activities take place during the implementation phase EXCEPT.
a) purchasing and installing software c) purchasing and installing software
b) creating applications d) testing applications
LANGUAGE SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
Verb + object + infinitive
Verb + object + to-infinitive
New developments in computing are often designed to make something easier. These verbs are often used to describe such developments:
allow let enable permit help
Study these examples:
1. A GUI lets you point to icons and click a mouse button to execute a task. 2 A GUI allows you to use a computer without knowing any operating system commands.
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3. The X Window System enables Unix- based computers to have a graphical look and feel.
4. Voice recognition software helps disabled users (to) access computers.
Allow, enable and permit are used with this structure:
verb + object + to-infinitive
Let is used with this structure:
verb + object + infinitive
Help can be used with either structure. |
Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Find the structure Verb + object + infinitive or Verb + object + to-infinitive.
1. Using Recycle Bin feature the user orders the computer to restore the files to their original location.
2. The Windows user interface permits the user to open more than one window at a time.
3. A graphical user interface allows the user to use a mouse to interact with the computer.
4. Double-clicking the mouse causes the program, file or folder represented by the icon to open in a rectangular box on the screen called a window.
5. The company declared the new processor to have been developed in time.
6. A special area called the system tray where icons are displayed lets you see what resident programs are continuously running in the background.
Exercise 2. Put the verb given in the brackets in the right form: to + infinitive or infinitive without to.
1. A user interface allows a user (interact) with a computer.
2. My Computer feature lets you (see) the resources on your computer.
3. Shift key enables you (type) in upper case.
4. The scientists predict molecular computers (become) wide spread in the nearest future.
5. The court made Microsoft company (separate) Windows and Internet Explorer.
6. We noticed him (press) the RESET button.
7. I hear the computer (play) the music.
Exercise 3. Change the following complex sentences according to the example by using complex object. Translate them into Ukrainian.
Example: Franklin was the first who developed a new theory of electricity. Franklin was the first to develop a new theory of electricity.
1. Clicking on a command is the action which allows you to open a list of choices known as a menu.
2. StickyKeys is the feature that helps disabled people to operate two keys
simultaneously.
3. I watched how they were repairing the computer.
4. MouseKeys is the utility that enables you to use the numeric keypad to move the mouse pointer.
5. A touchscreen is the device that allows the user to select icons and commands by touching the display screen with their finger instead of using a mouse.