6. She ______________________ (stay) in Leeds all weekend.
7. Your face is dirty. – All right. I ____________________ (wash) it.
8. What you ___________________ (do) early on Monday night?
9. Will you have lunch with me on the 24th? – I’d love to, but I’m afraid
I ___________________ (do) my exam then.
10. Let’s hurry up! It_______________ (start) raining in a minute.
11. It’s five o’clock and my girlfriend is waiting for me outside. I’m afraid she ________ (not wait) long.
12. You ___________________ (travel) in summer again? – Yes, we _______________ (go) to Croatia.
13. During the performance the police ____________________ (try) to keep order.
Exercise 8. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Perfect or the Future Perfect Continuous.
By 3 o’clock, she will have been studying (study) for six hours.
By the end of next month, Sam ________________ (finish) the project.
He ________________ (not/start) painting the kitchen before Tuesday.
By the time she arrives in Paris, she ____________________ (travel) for four hours.
I hope I ______________ (buy) my own house by the time I’m thirty-five.
By Saturday, Lisa _______________ (diet) for two weeks.
Hopefully they _________________ (learn) everything by the time they sit the exam.
By four o’clock, I ________________ (sit) in the hairdresser’s for three hours.
By Christmas, I _______________ (work) for this company for eighteen months.
By next weekend, Brian _______________ (move) house.
Exercise 9. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Perfect or the Future Continuous.
I can’t come shopping on Saturday morning because I ____________ (work).
Don’t phone me later than midnight because I ________________ (sleep) then.
Come to my house at six o’clock.
– _____________________ (you/finish) your homework by then?
Have you made the preparations for the party?
– Not yet, but I ______________ (finish) them by this evening.
_______________ (you/go) to James’ party on Saturday night?
– There’s a meeting tomorrow at 4 o’clock.
– I can’t go if it is that late. I _______________ (leave) by then.
By next June he ____________________ (write) his second novel.
He _______________ (finish) this work before you _______________ (leave).
By the end of the summer she ____________________ (teach) us to speak Italian.
The meeting ______________ (finish) by the time we ______________ (get) there.
I ____________ (do) my homework tomorrow.
By next week he ___________________ (sell) all his furniture.
I hope it _______________________ (stop) raining by 5 o'clock.
The builder says he ___________________ (finish) the roof by Saturday.
The car _______________ (do) 100,000 miles soon.
They_______________________ (build) the road by the end of the year.
Don’t phone between 7 and 8. _________________ (we/have) dinner then.
Phone me after 8 o’clock. _______________________ (we/finish) dinner by then.
Tomorrow afternoon we’re going to play tennis from 3 o’clock until 4.30. So, at 4 o’clock ___________________________ (we/play) tennis.
Ben is on holiday and he is spending his money very quickly. If he continuous like this, _________________________ (he/spend) all his money before the end of his holiday.
Do you think ______________________________(you / still / do) the same job in ten years’ time?
Laura is from New Zealand. She is travelling around Europe at the moment. So far she has traveled about 1,000 miles. By the end of the trip, __________________________ (she/travel) more than 3,000 miles.
If you need to contact me, ___________________________ (I/stay) at the Lion Hotel until Friday.
A: _____________________________________ (you/see) Laura tomorrow?
B: Yes, probably. Why?
A: I borrowed this CD from her. Can you give it back to her?
Exercise 12. Put the verbs in brackets into one of the future forms.
1. This time next month I ___________________________ (bathe) in the Baltic sea.
2. By the 8th of April my mother ____________________ (work) at school for twenty years.
3. I’m tired. I think, I ______________ (go) to bed.
4. I _______________________ (work) in the library all day tomorrow.
5. At four o’clock on Tuesday afternoon we _______________________ (fly) over Paris.
6. They_____________________ (be) free in some minutes.
7. This time next week they __________________________ (go) to the Crimea by train.
8. She __________________ (change) her books in the library tomorrow.
9. They ______________________ (build) the road by the end of the year.
10. Ring me up at 4 o’clock. I__________________ (have) dinner by this time and we ________________ (go) to the concert.
11. It’s too late to telephone Tom now.
– OK. We __________ (telephone) him in the morning.
12. When you come in the evening we ______________________ (pack) our things.
13. I promise, I __________________ (meet) you at the station.
14. – We’ll come at 5 o’clock.
– OK, I ____________________________ (wait) for you.
15. It _________________ (stop) raining soon.
16. Susan _______________________ (type) from 6 o’clock until 8 o’clock this evening.
17. Young Billy is growing up. By this time next year he ___________________ (begin) school.
18. Don’t phone me tomorrow morning. I __________________________ (work) on my report.
19. We ______________________________ (fly) for twelve hours by the time the plane lands.
20. By this summer we ________________________ (read) all the stories in the book.
Exercise 13. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct future tense.
My grandmother is very old. She ________________ (be) ninety next month.
I’m afraid I _______________ (fail) my exams this year.
This time next week, they _______________ (lie) on a sandy beach.
The team ______________ (leave) the office by 9 o’clock tomorrow.
By 10 o’clock Sue ______________ (drive) for twelve hours.
Jenny _____________ (see) Paul at work, so she can give him the letter.
The film ______________ (start) by the time they get to the cinema.
Tom expects he _____________ (get) a pay rise soon.
By six o’clock the secretary ______________ (type) for three hours.
I hope I ___________ (buy) my own car by the time I’m thirty.
By next week, they ______________ (live) in this town for two years.
I ______________ (help) you carry your shopping.
Martin _______________ (do) the work by Sunday evening.
Mother ______________ (go) to the supermarket tonight. She has already made her shopping list.
The play _________________ (start) at six o’clock.
Exercise 14. Correct the mistakes.
This time tomorrow, John is lying on the beach.
Peter will help you when he will have finished his dinner.
Shall you do the shopping for me, please?
Sarah will finish decorating the Christmas tree by midnight.
Where do you spend your holidays this summer?
I was turning on the heating. It’s cold in here.
The film has started at half past six.
Stop that noise or I’m going to take your toy away.
Moira can type these reports as soon as she will come back from her lunch break.
Perhaps the Jacksons have visited us tonight.
By the end of the year, Mrs. Evans will be teaching for thirty years.
Jennifer will move to her new flat on Saturday. She has already arranged it.
Exercise 15. Look at the example and complete the sentences. Pay attention to time and conditional clauses introduced by if, when, as soon as, before, until.
Example: I ‘ll phone (phone) them when I get (get) to Paris.
1. We ____________ (wait) here until the rain ____________ (stop).
2. As soon as the match __________ (end) we ____________ (complain) to the referee.
3. I ___________ (stay) with you until your train _____________ (leave).
4. She ___________ (worry) about her exam until she ___________ (get) the results.
5. As soon as Dad __________ (get) in tonight he __________ (want) his dinner.
6. We _______________ (not start) lunch until you __________ (get) back.
7. When Peter ___________ (arrive) we ____________ (give) him his presents.
8. When the exam _________ (be) over we ___________ (have) a party.
9. I ___________ (have) an ice-cream before the film _____________ (start).
10. I ____________ (finish) this book before I ___________ (go) to bed.
11. As soon as I _____________ (return) from school, I ______________ (ring) you up.
Exercise 16. Translate.
1. Я думаю, що в твоєму диктанті не буде багато помилок.
2. Заняття закінчаться до 2-х годин?
3. Коли ми прийдемо додому, вона буде готувати вечерю вже 1.5 години.
4. Як тільки мій ноутбук полагодять, я встановлю нове антивірусне ПЗ.
5. Скільки часу в тебе піде на дорогу?
6. Я впевнений, що успішно здам іспит.
7. Я повернуся додому до п'ятої.
8. Ви скоро забудете про ці неприємності.
9. Завтра в цей час я буду писати курсову з комп'ютерної графіки.
10. Ми вже підемо до того часу, коли ти подзвониш.
11. Будьте обережні, коли будете користуватися цими приладами.
12. У наступному семестрі у нас будуть заняття з англійської два рази на тиждень.
13. Завтра о третій він буде слухати свою улюблену поп-музику.
14. Ви закінчите роботу до п'ятої години, чи не так?
15. Що ти збираєшся робити, коли витратиш всі ці гроші?
WRITING
Discussion Questions
Tasks:
1. What peripherals are attached to your computer? Make a list of them and describe their functions.
2. In some novelty stores you can find peripherals such as drink coolers, fans, and toy missile launchers. Are these peripherals good ideas? Why or why not? If you could create your own peripheral device, what would it be?
UNIT 4
PERSONAL COMPUTERS
Task 1. Read, write the translation and learn the basic vocabulary terms:
accountant
accounting
artificial intelligence
ATM
cleanse data
cluster
computer of choice
computer-assisted instructions
data mining
decision tree
erroneous
fraud
general -purpose
grading
hard-copy output
IBM (International Business Machine)
income tax
input media
insurance claim
irrelevant
leisure activities
life-threatening
maintenance
offline storage
online storage
output media
personal computers
raw data
record keeping
scheduling
security
sequence
smart card
soft-copy output
stand-alone
stock market forecasting
telephone dialling
to remove
to delete
to ensure
to enter the fray
to fall by the wayside
to meet the demands
to move paragraphs around
to plug in
to survive onslaught
validity
warehouse
word size
worksheet
Personal computers are supposed to appear in the late 1970s. One of the first and most popular personal computers was the Apple II, introduced in 1977 by Apple Computer. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, new models and competitive operating systems seemed to appear daily. Then in 1981 IBM entered the fray with its first personal computer, known as the IBM PC. The IBM PC quickly became the personal computer of choice, and most other personal computer manufacturers fell by the way-side. One of the few companies to survive IBM's onslaught was Apple Computer, which is sure to remain a major player in the personal computer marketplace. In less than a decade the microcomputer has been transformed from a calculator and hobbyist's toy into a personal computer for almost everyone.
What is a personal computer? How can this device be characterized?
First, a personal computer being microprocessor-based, its central processing unit, called a microprocessor unit, or MPU, is concentrated on a single silicon chip.
Second, a PC has a memory and word size that is smaller than those of minicomputers and large computers. Typical word sizes are 8 or 16 bits, and main memories range in size from 16 К to 512 K.
Third, a personal computer uses smaller, less expensive and less powerful input, output and storage components than do large computer systems. Most often, input is by means of a keyboard, soft-copy output being displayed on a cathode-ray tube screen. Hard-copy output is produced on a low-speed character printer.