Материал: Advanced Imaging of the Abdomen - Jovitas Skucas

LIVER

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56.Hohmann J, Albrecht T, Hoffmann CW, Wolf KJ. Ultrasonographic detection of focal liver lesions: increased sensitivity and specificity with microbubble contrast agents. Eur J Radiol 2003;46:147–159.

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58.Wilson SR, Burns PN, Muradali D, Wilson JA, Lai X. Harmonic hepatic US with microbubble contrast agent: initial experience showing improved characterization of hemangioma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and metastasis. Radiology 2000;215:153–161.

59.Petersein J, Spinazzi A, Giovagnoni A, et al. Focal liver lesions: evaluation of the efficacy of gadobenate dimeglumine in MR imaging—a multicenter phase III clinical study. Radiology 2000;215:727–736.

60.Hussain HK, Syed I, Nghiem HV, et al. T2-weighted MR imaging in the assessment of cirrhotic liver. Radiology 2004;230:637–644.

61.Yu SC, Liew CT, Lau WY, Leung TW, Metreweli C. USguided percutaneous biopsy of small hepatic lesions. Radiology 2001;218:195–199.

62.Kreft B, Pauleit D, Bachmann R, Conrad R, Kramer A, Schild HH. Incidence and significance of small focal liver lesions in MRI. Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr 2001;173:424–429.

63.Saini S, Ralls PW, Balfe DM, et al. Liver lesion characterization. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. American

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64.Ruppert-Kohlmayr AJ, Uggowitzer MM, Kugler C, Zebedin D, Schaffler G, Ruppert GS. Focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma of the liver: differentiation with multiphasic helical CT. AJR 2001;176:1493–1498.

65.Kim T, Federle MP, Baron RL, Peterson MS, Kawamori Y. Discrimination of small hepatic hemangiomas from hypervascular malignant tumors smaller than 3cm with three-phase helical CT. Radiology 2001;219: 699–706.

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67.Tello R, Fenlon HM, Gagliano T, deCarvalho VL, Yucel EK. Prediction rule for characterization of hepatic lesions revealed on MR imaging: estimation of malignancy. AJR 2001;176:879–884.

68.Bennett GL, Petersein A, Mayo-Smith WW, Hahn PF, Schima W, Saini S. Addition of gadolinium chelates to heavily T2–weighted MR imaging: limited role in differentiating hepatic hemangiomas from metastases. AJR 2000;174:477–485.

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70.Helmberger TK, Laubenberger J, Rummeny E, et al. MRI characteristics in focal hepatic disease before and after administration of MnDPDP: discriminant analysis as a diagnostic tool. Eur Radiol 2002;12:62–70.

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72.Byun JH, Kim TK, Lee CW, et al. Arterioportal Shunt: Prevalence in Small Hemangiomas versus That in Hepatocellular Carcinomas 3cm or Smaller at TwoPhase Helical CT. Radiology 2004;232:354–360.

73.Kim S, Chung JJ, Kim MJ, Park S, Lee JT, Yoo HS. Atypical inside-out pattern of hepatic hemangiomas. AJR 2000;174:1571–1574.

74.Jeong MG, Yu JS, Kim KW. Hepatic cavernous hemangioma: temporal peritumoral enhancement during multiphase dynamic MR imaging. Radiology 2000;216: 692–697.

75.Zagoria RJ, Roth TJ, Levine EA, Kavanagh PV. Radiofrequency ablation of a symptomatic hepatic cavernous hemangioma. AJR 2004;182:210–212.

76.Mortele KJ, Vanzieleghem B, Mortele B, Benoit Y, Ros PR. Solitary hepatic infantile hemangioendothelioma: dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging findings. Eur Radiol 2002;12:862–865.

77.Ogino I, Torikai K, Kobayasi S, Aida N, Hata M, Kigasawa H. Radiation therapy for lifeor functionthreatening infant hemangioma. Radiology 2001; 218:834–839.

78.Steinke K, Terraciano L, Wiesner W. Unusual crosssectional imaging findings in hepatic peliosis. Eur Radiol 2003;13:1916–1919.

79.Brancatelli G, Federle MP, Grazioli L, Blachar A, Peterson MS, Thaete L. Focal nodular hyperplasia: CT findings with emphasis on multiphasic helical CT in 78 patients. Radiology 2001;219:61–68.

80.Miyayama S, Matsui O, Ueda K, et al. Hemodynamics of small hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia: evaluation with single-level dynamic CT during hepatic arteriography. AJR 2000;174:1567–1569.

81.Paley MR, Mergo PJ, Torres GM, Ros PR. Characterization of focal hepatic lesions with ferumoxidesenhanced T2-weighted MR imaging. AJR 2000;175: 159–163.

82.Nishigaki Y, Tomita E, Matsuno Y, et al. Usefulness of novel imaging modalities in diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver. J Gastroenterol 1997;32: 677–683.

83.Mortele KJ, Wiesner W, de Hemptinne B, Elewaut A, Praet M, Ros PR. Multifocal inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver: dynamic gadolinium-enhanced, ferumoxides-enhanced, and mangafodipir trisodiumenhanced MR imaging findings. Eur Radiol 2002;12:304–308.

84.Lim JH, Kim EY, Lee WJ, et al. Regenerative nodules in liver cirrhosis: findings at CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography with histopathologic correlation. Radiology 1999;210: 451–458.

85.Lim JH, Cho JM, Kim EY, Park CK. Dysplastic nodules in liver cirrhosis: evaluation of hemodynamics with CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography. Radiology 2000;214:869–874.

86.Krinsky GA, Israel G. Nondysplastic nodules that are hyperintense on T1-weighted gradient-echo MR imaging: frequency in cirrhotic patients undergoing transplantation. AJR 2003;180:1023–1027.

87.Lim JH, Choi D, Cho SK, et al. Conspicuity of hepatocellular nodular lesions in cirrhotic livers at ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging: importance of Kupffer cell number. Radiology 2001;220:669–676.

88.Ichikawa T, Federle MP, Grazioli L, Nalesnik M. Hepatocellular adenoma: multiphasic CT and histopathologic findings in 25 patients. Radiology 2000;214: 861–868.

89.Grazioli L, Federle MP, Ichikawa T, Balzano E, Nalesnik M, Madariaga J. Liver adenomatosis: clinical, histopathologic, and imaging findings in 15 patients. Radiology 2000;216:395–402.

90.Yan F, Zeng M, Zhou K, et al. Hepatic angiomyolipoma: various appearances on two-phase contrast scanning of spiral CT. Eur J Radiol 2002;41:12–18.

91.Mok TS, Yu SC, Lee C, et al. False-negative rate of abdominal sonography for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis B and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. AJR 2004;183:453–458.

92.Choi D, Kim S, Lim J, et al. Preoperative detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging versus combined helical CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography. AJR 2001; 176:475–482.

93.Kondo H, Kanematsu M, Hoshi H, et al. Preoperative detection of malignant hepatic tumors: comparison of combined methods of MR imaging with combined methods of CT. AJR 2000;174:947–954.

94.Vogl TJ, Schwarz W, Blume S, et al. Preoperative evaluation of malignant liver tumors: comparison of unenhanced and SPIO (Resovist)-enhanced MR imaging with biphasic CTAP and intraoperative US. Eur Radiol 2003;13:262–272.

LIVER

95.Murakami T, Kim T, Takamura M, et al. Hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma: detection with double arterial phase multi-detector row helical CT. Radiology 2001;218:763–767.

96.Jang HJ, Lim JH, Lee SJ, Park CK, Park HS, Do YS. Hepatocellular carcinoma: are combined CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography in addition to triple-phase helical CT all necessary for preoperative evaluation? Radiology 2000;215:373–380.

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98.Liu WC, Lim JH, Park CK, et al. Poor sensitivity of sonography in detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in advanced liver cirrhosis: accuracy of pretransplantation sonography in 118 patients. Eur Radiol 2003;13: 1693–1698.

99.Caturelli E, Pompili M, Bartolucci F, et al. Hemangioma-like lesions in chronic liver disease: diagnostic evaluation in patients. Radiology 2001;220: 337–342.

100.Ding H, Kudo M, Onda H, Suetomi Y, Minami Y, Maekawa K. Hepatocellular carcinoma: depiction of tumor parenchymal flow with intermittent harmonic power Doppler US during the early arterial phase in dual-display mode. Radiology 2001;220:349–356.

101.Choi BI, Kim TK, Han JK, Kim AY, Seong CK, Park SJ. Vascularity of hepatocellular carcinoma: assessment with contrast-enhanced second-harmonic versus conventional power Doppler US. Radiology 2000;214: 381–386.

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103.Koushima Y, Ebara M, Fukuda H, et al. Small hepatocellular carcinoma: assessment with T1-weighted spinecho magnetic resonance imaging with and without fat suppression. Eur J Radiol 2002;41:34–41.

104.Krinsky GA, Lee VS, Theise ND, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma and dysplastic nodules in patients with cirrhosis: prospective diagnosis with MR imaging and explantation correlation. Radiology 2001;219:445–454.

105.Matsuo M, Kanematsu M, Itoh K, et al. Detection of malignant hepatic tumors: comparison of gadoliniumand ferumoxide-enhanced MR imaging. AJR 2001;177:637–643.

106.Ito K, Fujita T, Shimizu A, et al. Multiarterial phase dynamic MRI of small early enhancing hepatic lesions in cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis: differentiating between hypervascular hepatocellular carcinomas and pseudolesions. AJR 2004;183:699–705.

107.Itai Y. Capsule of hepatocellular carcinoma: where and how does the capsule show enhancement? Radiology 1999;210:577–579.

108.Youk JH, Lee JM, Kim CS. MRI for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of mangafodipir trisodium and gadopentetate dimeglumine contrast agents. AJR 2004;183:1049–1054.

109.Ward J, Guthrie JA, Scott DJ, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver: double-contrast

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110.Ward J, Robinson PJ. How to detect hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis. Eur Radiol 2002;12:2258–2272.

111.Nishiharu T, Yamashita Y, Arakawa A, et al. Sonographic comparison of intraarterial CO2 and helium microbubbles for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: preliminary observations. Radiology 1998; 206:767–771.

112.D’Agostino HB, Solinas A. Percutaneous ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinomas. AJR 1995;164: 1165–1167.

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114.Michel J, Suc B, Montpeyroux F, et al. Liver resection or transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma? Retrospective analysis of 215 patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1997;26:1274–1280.

115.Katyal S, Oliver JH, Peterson MS, Chang PJ, Baron RL, Carr BI. Prognostic significance of arterial phase CT for prediction of response to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective analysis. AJR 2000;175: 1665–1672.

116.Pelletier G, Ducreux M, Gay F, et al. Treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with lipiodol chemoembolization: a multicenter randomized trial. Groupe CHC. J Hepatol 1998;29:129–134.

117.Sumie S,Yamashita F,Ando E, et al. Interventional radiology for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy and transcatheter arterial lipiodol chemoembolization. AJR 2003;181:1327–1334.

118.Morimoto M, Shirato K, Sugimori K, et al. Contrastenhanced harmonic gray-scale sonographic-histologic correlation of the therapeutic effects of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. AJR 2003;181:65–69.

119.Liang HL, Yang CF, Pan HB, et al. Small hepatocellular carcinoma: safety and efficacy of single high-dose percutaneous acetic acid injection for treatment. Radiology 2000;214:769–774.

120.Ohnishi K, Yoshioka H, Kosaka K, et al. Treatment of hypervascular small hepatocellular carcinoma with ultrasound-guided percutaneous acetic acid injection: comparison with segmental transcatheter arterial embolization. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:2574–2579.

121.Engelmann K, Mack MG, Straub R, et al. CT-guided percutaneous intratumoral chemotherapy with a novel cisplatin/epinephrine injectable gel for the treatment of inoperable malignant liver tumors. Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr 2000;172: 1020–1027.

122.Meloni MF, Goldberg SN, Livraghi T, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma treated with radiofrequency ablation: comparison of pulse inversion contrast-enhanced harmonic sonography, contrast-enhanced power Doppler sonography, and helical CT. AJR 2001;177:375–380.

123.Wen YL, Kudo M, Zheng RQ, et al. Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: therapeutic

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124.Kitamoto M, Imagawa M, Yamada H, et al. Radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas: comparison of the radiofrequency effect with and without chemoembolization. AJR 2003;181:997–1003.

125.Rhim H, Yoon K-H, Lee JM, Cho Y, Cho J-S, Kim SH. Major complications after radio-frequency thermal ablation of hepatic tumors: spectrum of imaging findings. Radiographics 2003;23:123–136.

126.Chopra S, Dodd GD 3rd, Chintapalli KN, Leyendecker JR, Karahan OI, Rhim H. Tumor recurrence after radiofrequency thermal ablation of hepatic tumors: spectrum of findings on dual-phase contrastenhanced CT. AJR 2001;177:381–387.

127.Eichler K, Mack MG, Straub R, et al. Oligonodular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): MR-controlled laser-induced thermotherapy. Radiologe 2001;41: 915–922.

128.Dong B, Liang P, Yu X, et al. Percutaneous sonographically guided microwave coagulation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: results in 234 patients. AJR 2003;180:1547–1555.

129.Seifert JK, Morris DL. World survey on the complications of hepatic and prostate cryotherapy. World J Surg 1999;23:109–114.

130.Chen RC, Liao LY, Wang CS, et al. Carbon dioxideenhanced sonographically guided percutaneous ethanol injection: treatment of patients with viable and recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. AJR 2003;181: 1647–1652.

131.Ichikawa T, Federle MP, Grazioli L, Marsh W. Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: preand posttherapy evaluation with CT and MR imaging. Radiology 2000;217:145–151.

132.Fuksbrumer MS, Klimstra D, Panicek DM. Solitary fibrous tumor of the liver: imaging findings. AJR 2000;175:1683–1687.

133.Schwartz LH, Gandras EJ, Colangelo SM, Ercolani MC, Panicek DM. Prevalence and importance of small hepatic lesions found at CT in patients with cancer. Radiology 1999;210:71–74.

134.Quaia E, Bertolotto M, Forgacs B, Rimondini A, Locatelli M, Mucelli RP. Detection of liver metastases by pulse inversion harmonic imaging during Levovist late phase: comparison with conventional ultrasound and helical CT in 160 patients. Eur Radiol 2003;13:475–483.

135.Del Frate C, Zuiani C, Londero V, et al. Comparing Levovist-enhanced pulse inversion harmonic imaging and ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging of hepatic metastases. AJR 2003;180:1339–1346.

136.Semelka RC, Cance WG, Marcos HB, Mauro MA. Liver metastases: comparison of current MR techniques and spiral CT during arterial portography for detection in 20 surgically staged cases. Radiology 1999;213:86–91.

137.Soyer P, Poccard M, Boudiaf M, et al. Detection of Hypovascular Hepatic Metastases at Triple-Phase Helical CT: Sensitivity of Phases and Comparison with Surgical and Histopathologic Findings. Radiology 2004;231:413–420.

138.Valls C, Andia E, Sanchez A, et al. Hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: preoperative detection and

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139.Inaba Y, Arai Y, Kanematsu M, et al. Revealing hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: value of combined helical CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography with a unified CT and angiography system. AJR 2000;174:955–961.

140.Ward J, Chen F, Guthrie JA, et al. Hepatic lesion detection after superparamagnetic iron oxide enhancement: comparison of five T2–weighted sequences at 1.0T by using alternative-free response receiver operating characteristic analysis. Radiology 2000;214:159– 166.

141.Sheafor DH, Frederick MG, Paulson EK, Keogan MT, DeLong DM, Nelson RC. Comparison of unenhanced, hepatic arterial-dominant, and portal venousdominant phase helical CT for the detection of liver metastases in women with breast carcinoma. AJR 1999;172:961–968.

142.Tang Y, Yamashita Y, Ogata I, et al. Metastatic liver tumor from cystic ovarian carcinomas: CT and MRI appearance. Radiat Med 1999;17:265–270.

143.Blake SP, Weisinger K, Atkins M, Raptopoulos V. Liver metastases from melanoma: detection with multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT. Radiology 1999;213: 92–96.

144.Herfarth KK, Debus, Lohr F, Bahner ML, Wannenmacher M. Stereotactic irradiation of liver metastases. Radiologe 2001;41:64–68.

145.Sakamoto I, Iwanaga S, Nagaoki K, et al. Intrahepatic biloma formation (bile duct necrosis) after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. AJR 2003;181: 79–87.

146.Kelekis AD, Terraz S, Roggan A, et al. Percutaneous treatment of liver tumors with an adapted probe for cooled-tip, impedance-controlled radio-frequency ablation under open-magnet MR guidance: initial results. Eur Radiol 2003;13:1100–1105.

147.de Baere T, Elias D, Dromain C, et al. Radiofrequency ablation of 100 hepatic metastases with a mean followup of more than 1 year. AJR 2000;175:1619–1625.

148.Solbiati L, Livraghi T, Goldberg SN, et Percutaneous radio-frequency ablation of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer: long-term results in 117 patients. Radiology 2001;221:159–166.

149.Livraghi T, Goldberg SN, Solbiati L, Meloni F, Ierace T, Gazelle GS. Percutaneous radio-frequency ablation of liver metastases from breast cancer: initial experience in 24 patients. Radiology 2001;220:145–149.

150.Fiedler VU, Schwarzmaier HJ, Eickmeyer F, Muller FP, Schoepp C, Verreet PR. Laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy of liver metastases in an interventional 0.5 Tesla MRI system: technique and first clinical experiences. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001;13:729–737.

151.Vogl TJ, Straub R, Eichler K, Sollner O, Mack MG. Colorectal carcinoma metastases in liver: laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy—local tumor control rate and survival data. Radiology 2004;230:450–458.

152.Liang P, Dong B, Yu X, et al. Prognostic factors for percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy of hepatic metastases. AJR 2003;181:1319–1325.

153.Stubbs RS, Alwan MH, Booth MW. Hepatic cryotherapy and subsequent hepatic arterial chemotherapy for colorectal metastases to the liver. HPB Surg 1998;11:97–104.