273
COLON AND RECTUM
93.Chiba M, Yamano H, Fujiwara K, Abe T, Iizuka M, Watanabe S. Lymph folliculitis in ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001;36:332–336.
94.Fedele L, Bianchi S, Portuese A, Borruto F, Dorta M. Transrectal ultrasonography in the assessment of rectovaginal endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 1998;91: 444–448.
95.Manfredi R,Valentini AL. Magnetic resonance imaging of pelvic endometriosis. Rays 1998;23:702–708.
96.Smith TR, Fine SW, Jones JG. CT appearance of some colonic villous tumors. AJR 2001;177:91–93.
97.Whitelaw SC, Murday VA, Tomlinson IP, et al. Clinical and molecular features of the hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome. Gastroenterology 1997;112:327– 334.
98.Bjork J, Akerbrant H, Iselius L, Alm T, Hultcrantz R. Epidemiology of familial adenomatous polyposis in Sweden: changes over time and differences in phenotype between males and females. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999;34:1230–1235.
99.Debinski HS, Love S, Spigelman AD, Phillips RK. Colorectal polyp counts and cancer risk in familial adenomatous polyposis. Gastroenterology 1996;110: 1028–1030.
100.Svab J, Peskova M, Jirasek V, Fried M, Krska Z. [Longterm results of ileo-rectal anastomosis in familial polyposis.] [Czech] Rozhl Chir 1999;78:150–153.
101.Parc YR, Olschwang S, Desaint B, Schmitt G, Parc RG, Tiret E. Familial adenomatous polyposis: prevalence of adenomas in the ileal pouch after restorative proctocolectomy. Ann Surg 2001;233:360–364.
102.Belchetz LA, Berk T, Bapat BV, Cohen Z, Gallinger S. Changing causes of mortality in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Dis Colon Rectum 1996;39: 384–387.
103.Suzui M, Yoshimi N, Hara A, Morishita Y, Tanaka T, Mori H. Genetic alterations in a patient with Turcot’s syndrome. Pathol Int 1998;48:126–133.
104.Marsh DJ, Coulon V, Lunetta K, et al. Mutation spectrum and genotype-phenotype analyses in Cowden disease and Bannayan-Zonana syndrome, two hamartoma syndromes with germline PTEN mutation. Hum Mol Genet 1998;7:507–515.
105.Cho KC, Sundaram K, Sebastiano LS. Filiform polyposis of the small bowel in a patient with multiple hamartoma syndrome (Cowden disease). AJR 1999;173: 501–502.
106.Wada K, Asoh T, Imamura T, et al. Rectal carcinoid tumor associated with the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. J Gastroenterol 1998;33:743–746.
107.Parnaud G, Corpet DE. [Colorectal cancer: controversial role of meat consumption.] [Review] [French] Bull Cancer 1997;84:899–911.
108.Potter MA, Cunliffe NA, Smith M, Miles RS, Flapan AD, Dunlop MG. A prospective controlled study of the association of Streptococcus bovis with colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 1998;51:473–474.
109.Toyoki Y, Satoh S, Morioka G, Asano M, Nomura K. Rectal cancer associated with acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa as a possible cutaneous marker of internal malignancy. J Gastroenterol 1998;33: 575–577.
110.de la Taille A, Mariette C, Buisine MP, Biserte J, Triboulet JP. [Urothelial tumor and colonic cancer in
the context of a syndrome of hereditary predisposition to HNPCC colonic cancer.] [French] Prog Urol 2000;10:1204–1207.
111.Gafa R, Lanza G. [Expression of protein p53 in the adenoma-colorectal carcinoma sequence.][Italian] Pathologica 1998;90:351–356.
112.Vasen HF, Sanders EA, Taal BG, et al. The risk of brain tumours in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Int J Cancer 1996;65:422–425.
113.Bertario L, Russo A, Sala P, et al. Risk of colorectal cancer following colonoscopic polypectomy. Tumori 1999;85:157–162.
114.Passman MA, Pommier RF, Vetto JT. Synchronous colon primaries have the same prognosis as solitary colon cancers. [Review] Dis Colon Rectum 1996;39: 329–334.
115.Conde P, Erdozain JC, Olveira A, Herrera A, Segura JM. [A patient with five synchronous adenocarcinomas of the colon.] [Spanish] Rev Esp Enferm Dig 1998;90: 124.
116.Shida H, Ban K, Matsumoto M, et al. Asymptomatic colorectal cancer detected by screening. Dis Colon Rectum 1996;39:1130–1135.
117.Macari M, Bini EJ, Jacobs SL, et al. Significance of missed polyps at CT colonography. AJR 2004; 183:127–134.
118.Nusko G, Mansmann U, Partzsch U, et al. Invasive carcinoma in colorectal adenomas: multivariate analysis of patient and adenoma characteristics. Endoscopy 1997;29:626–631.
119.Ueyama T, Kawamoto K, Iwashita I, et al. Natural history of minute sessile colonic adenomas based on radiographic findings. Is endoscopic removal of every colonic adenoma necessary? Dis Colon Rectum 1995;38:268–272.
120.Tarraga P, Garcia-Olmo D, Celada A, Garcia-Molinero Mf, Divison JA, Casado C. Colorectal cancer screening through detection of fecal occult blood in a controlled health zone. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 1999;91:335–344.
121.Frazier AL, Colditz GA, Fuchs CS, Kuntz KM. Costeffectiveness of screening for colorectal cancer in the general population. JAMA 2000;284:1954–1961.
122.Pariente A, Milan C, Lafon J, Faivre J. Colonoscopic screening in first-degree relatives of patients with ‘sporadic’ colorectal cancer: a case-control study. The Association Nationale des Gastroenterologues des Hopitaux and Registre Bourguignon des Cancers Digestifs (INSERM CRI 9505). Gastroenterology 1998;115:7–12.
123.McMahon PM, Bosch JL, Gleason S, Halpern EF, Lester JS, Gazelle GS. Cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening. Radiology 2001;219:44–50.
124.Okamura S, Ohashi S, Mitake M, et al. [A case of minute IIa + IIc type early colonic cancer (5mm in size and sm 1 in invasion depth) with metachronous liver metastasis.] [Japanese] Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 1998;95:890–894.
125.Garcia-Hirschfeld Garcia J, Blanes Berenguel A, Vicioso Recio L, Marquez Moreno A, Rubio Garrido J, Matilla Vicente A. Colon cancer: p53 expression and DNA ploidy. Their relation to proximal or distal tumor site. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 1999;91:481–488.
126.Rex DK, Rahmani EY, Haseman JH, Lemmel GT, Kaster S, Buckley JS. Relative sensitivity of colonoscopy and
274
ADVANCED IMAGING OF THE ABDOMEN
barium enema for detection of colorectal cancer in clinical practice. Gastroenterology 1997;112:17–23.
127.Strom E, Larsen JL. Colon cancer at barium enema examination and colonoscopy: a study from the county of Hordaland, Norway. Radiology 1999;211:211–214.
128.Hancock JH, Talbot RW. Accuracy of colonoscopy in localisation of colorectal cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 1995;10:140–141.
129.Haseman JH, Lemmel GT, Rahmani EY, Rex DK. Failure of colonoscopy to detect colorectal cancer: evaluation of 47 cases in 20 hospitals. Gastrointest Endosc 1997;45:451–455.
130.Jang HJ, Lim HK, Park CK, Kim SH, Park JM, Choi YL. Segmental wall thickening in the colonic loop distal to colonic carcinoma at CT: importance and histopathologic correlation. Radiology 2000;216:712–717.
131.Oto A, Gelebek V, Oguz BS, et al. CT attenuation of colorectal polypoid lesions: evaluation of contrast enhancement in CT colonography. Eur Radiol 2003; 13:1657–1663.
132.Morrin MM, Farrell RJ, Kruskal JB, Reynolds K, McGee JB, Raptopoulos V. Utility of intravenously administered contrast material at CT colonography. Radiology 2000;217:765–771.
133.Yee J, McFarland E. How accurate is CT colonography? In: Dachman AH,ed.Atlas of Virtual Colonoscopy. New York: Springer, 2003:11–16.
134.Morra A, Meduri S, Ammar L, Ukmar M, Pozzi Mucelli R. [Colonoscopy with computed tomography with volume reconstruction. The results and a comparison with endoscopy and surgery.] [Italian] Radiol Med 1999;98:162–167.
135.Regge D, Galatola G, Martincich L, et al. [Use of virtual endoscopy with computerized tomography in the identification of colorectal neoplasms. Prospective study with symptomatic patients.] [Italian] Radiol Med 2000;99:449–455.
136.Yee J, Akerkar GA, Hung RK, Steinauer-Gebauer AM, Wall SD, McQuaid KR. Colorectal neoplasia: performance characteristics of CT colonography for detection in 300 patients. Radiology 2001;219:685–692.
137.Galdino GM, Yee J. Carpet lesion on CT colonography: a potential pitfall. AJR 2003;180:1332–1334.
138.Matsui T, Yao T, Yao K, et al. Natural history of superficial depressed colorectal cancer: retrospective radiographic and histologic analysis. Radiology 1996;201:226–232.
139.Sada M, Mitomi H, Igarashi M, Katsumata T, Saigenji K, Okayasu I. Cell kinetics, p53 and bcl-2 expression, and c-Ki-ras mutations in flat-elevated tubulovillous adenomas and adenocarcinomas of the colorectum: comparison with polypoid lesions. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999;34:798–807.
140.Rubio CA, Kumagai J, Kanamori T, Yanagisawa A, Nakamura K, Kato Y. Flat adenomas and flat adenocarcinomas of the colorectal mucosa in Japanese and Swedish patients. Comparative histologic study. Dis Colon Rectum 1995;38:1075–1079.
141.Watari J, Saitoh Y, Obara T, et al. Early nonpolypoid colorectal cancer: radiographic diagnosis of depth of invasion. Radiology 1997;205:67–74.
142.Kao PF, Tzen KY, Chang PL, Chang-Chien CR, Tsai MF, You DL. Diuretic renography findings in enterovesical fistula. Br J Radiol 1997;70:421–423.
143.Alcobendas F, Jorba R, Poves I, Busquets J, Engel A, Jaurrieta E. Perforated colonic cancer. Evolution and prognosis. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2000;92:326–333.
144.Galia M, Midiri M, Carcione A, et al. [Usefulness of CT colonography in the preoperative evaluation of patients with distal occlusive colorectal carcinoma.] [Italian] Radiol Med 2001;101:235–242.
145.Fenlon HM, McAneny DB, Nunes DP, Clarke PD, Ferrucci JT. Occlusive colon carcinoma: virtual colonoscopy in the preoperative evaluation of the proximal colon. Radiology 1999;210:423–428.
146.Camunez F, Echenagusia A, Simo G, Turegano F, Vazquez J, Barreiro-Meiro I. Malignant colorectal treated by means of self-expanding metallic stents: effectiveness before surgery and in palliation. Radiology 2000;216:492–497.
147.Mainar A, De Gregorio Ariza MA, Tejero E, et al. Acute colorectal obstruction: treatment with selfexpandable metallic stents before scheduled surgery— results of a multicenter study. Radiology 1999;210: 65–69.
148.Falchi M, Cecchini G, Derchi LE. [Umbilical metastasis as first sign of cecal carcinoma in a cirrhotic patient (Sister Mary Joseph nodule). Report of a case.] [Italian] Radiol Med 1999;98:94–96.
149.Osin P, Shiloni E, Pikarsky AJ, Okon E. Metastatic adenocarcinoma in a thyroid colloid nodule: a rare presentation of colon cancer. Pathology 1996;28: 236–237.
150.Sefr R, Penka I, Oliva T. [Carcinoma of the colon invading the duodenum and pancreas.] [Czech] Rozhl Chir 2000;79:112–115.
151.Zerhouni EA, Rutter C, Hamilton SR, et al. CT and MR imaging in the staging of colorectal carcinoma: report of the Radiology Diagnostic Oncology Group II. Radiology 1996;200:443–451.
152.Sitzler PJ, Seow-Choen F, Ho YH, Leong AP. Lymph node involvement and tumor depth in rectal cancers: an analysis of 805 patients. Dis Colon Rectum 1997;40:1472–1476.
153.Bipat S, Glas AS, Slors FJ, Zwinderman AH, Bossuyt PM, Stoker J. Rectal cancer: local staging and assessment of lymph node involvement with endoluminal US, CT, and MR imaging—a meta-analysis. Radiology 2004;232:773–783.
154.Civelli EM, Gallino G, Mariani L, et al. Double-contrast barium enema and computerised tomography in the pre-operative evaluation of rectal carcinoma: are they still useful diagnostic procedures? Tumori 2000;86: 389–392.
155.Palko A, Gyulai C, Fedinecz N, Balogh A, Nagy F. Water enema CT examination of rectum cancer by reduced amount of water. Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr 2000;172:901–904.
156.Fuchsjager MH, Maier AG, Schima W, et al. Comparison of transrectal sonography and double-contrast MR imaging when staging rectal cancer. AJR 2003;181: 421–427.
157.Lindmark GE, Kraaz WG, Elvin PA, Glimelius BL. Rectal cancer: evaluation of staging with endosonography. Radiology 1997;204:533–538.
158.Kruskal JB, Sentovich SM, Kane RA. Staging of rectal cancer after polypectomy: usefulness of endorectal US. Radiology 1999;211:31–35.
275
COLON AND RECTUM
159.Wallengren NO, Holtas S, Andren-Sandberg A, Jonsson E, Kristoffersson DT, McGill S. Rectal carcinoma: double-contrast MR imaging for preoperative staging. Radiology 2000;215:108–114.
160.Maier AG, Kersting-Sommerhoff B, Reeders JW, et al. Staging of rectal cancer by double-contrast MR imaging using the rectally administered superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent ferristene and IV gadodiamide injection: results of a multicenter phase II trial. J Magn Reson Imaging 2000;12:651– 660.
161.Koh D-M, Brown G, Temple L, et al. Rectal Cancer: Mesorectal Lymph Nodes at MR Imaging with USPIO versus Histopathologic Findings-Initial Observations. Radiology 2004;231:91–99.
162.Urban M, Rosen HR, Holbling N, et al. MR imaging for the preoperative planning of sphincter-saving surgery for tumors of the lower third of the rectum: use of intravenous and endorectal contrast materials. Radiology 2000;214:503–508.
163.Hussain SM, Outwater EK, Siegelman ES. Mucinous versus nonmucinous rectal carcinomas: differentiation with MR imaging. Radiology 1999;213:79–85.
164.Filippone A, Ambrosini R, Fuschi M, Marinelli T, Genovesi D, Bonomo L. Preoperative T and N Staging of Colorectal Cancer: Accuracy of Contrast-enhanced Multi-Detector Row CT Colonography-Initial Experience. Radiology 2004;231:83–90.
165.Abdel-Nabi H, Doerr RJ, Lamonica DM, et al. Staging of primary colorectal carcinomas with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose whole-body PET: correlation with histopathologic and CT findings. Radiology 1998;206:755–760.
166.Paule B, Brion N. [Metastatic colorectal cancer: new therapeutics.] [Review] [French] Presse Med 2000;29:1072–1077.
167.de Vries A, Griebel J, Kremser C, et al. Monitoring of tumor microcirculation during fractionated radiation therapy in patients with rectal carcinoma: preliminary results and implications for therapy. Radiology 2000;217:385–391.
168.Delaloye AB, Delaloye B, Buchegger F, et al. Comparison of copper-67– and iodine-125–labeled anti-CEA monoclonal antibody biodistribution in patients with colorectal tumors. J Nucl Med 1997;38:847–853.
169.De Santis M, Ariosi P, Calo GF, Luppi G, Franchini M, Romagnoli R. [Antineoplastic perfusion with percutaneous stop-flow control in the treatment of advanced pelvic malignant neoplasms.] [Italian] Radiol Med 2000;100:56–61.
170.de Gregorio MA, Mainar A, Tejero E, et al. Acute colorectal obstruction: stent placement for palliative treatment—results of a multicenter study. Radiology 1998;209:117–220.
171.Laghi A, Iannaccone R, Bria E, et al. Contrast-enhanced computed tomographic colonography in the follow-up of colorectal cancer patients: a feasibility study. Eur Radiol 2003;13:883–889.
172.Schoemaker D, Black R, Giles L, Toouli J. Yearly colonoscopy, liver CT, and chest radiography do not influence 5–year survival of colorectal cancer patients. Gastroenterology 1998;114:7–14.
173.Wind P, Norklinger B, Roger V, Kahlil A, Guin E, Parc R. Long-term prognostic value of positive peritoneal
washing in colon cancer. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999;34:606–610.
174.Stuckle CA, Maleszka A, Kosta P, Kirchner JK, Liermann D,Adamietz IA. [Computerized tomography evaluation of local recurrence of operated and adjuvant radiation treated rectal carcinoma. Normal and pathological changes after operation and irradiation of rectal carcinoma in 956 CT examinations.] [German] Radiologe 2001;41:491–496.
175.Even-Sapir E, Parag Y, Lerman H, et al. Detection of recurrence in patients with rectal cancer: PET/CT after abdominoperineal or anterior resection. Radiology 2004;232:815–822.
176.Kinkel K, Tardivon AA, Soyer P, et al. Dynamic con- trast-enhanced subtraction versus T2–weighted spinecho MR imaging in the follow-up of colorectal neoplasm: a prospective study of 41 patients. Radiology 1996;200:453–458.
177.Abu-Rustum N, Barakat RR, Curtin JP. Ovarian and uterine disease in women with colorectal cancer. Obstet Gynecol 1997;89:85–87.
178.Philpott GW, Schwarz SW, Anderson CJ, et al. Radioimmuno-PET- detection of colorectal carcinoma with positron-emitting copper-64–labeled monoclonal antibody. J Nucl Med 1995;36:1818–1824.
179.Olofinlade O, Adeonigbagbe O, Gualtieri N, et al. Anal carcinoma: a 15–year retrospective analysis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000;35:1194–1199.
180.Lee HJ, Han JK, Kim TK, Kim YH, Kim KW, Choi BI. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma of the colon: doublecontrast barium enema examination findings in six patients. Radiology 2001;218:751–756.
181.Kim KW, Ha HK, Kim AY, et al. Primary malignant melanoma of the rectum: CT findings in eight patients. Radiology 2004;232:181–186.
182. Krestin GP, Hauser M, Eichenberger A, Kochli OR. [Bladder and rectal infiltration by uterine carcinomas: the accuracy of CT and MRI compared to endoscopic procedures.] [German] Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr 1997;167: 125–131.
183.Ha HK, Jee KR, Yu E, et al. CT features of metastatic linitis plastica to the rectum in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. AJR 2000;174:463–466.
184.Miyayama S, Matsui O, Kifune K, et al. Malignant colonic obstruction due to extrinsic tumor: palliative treatment with a self-expanding nitinol stent. AJR 2000;175:1631–1637.
185.Soga J. Carcinoids of the colon and ileocecal region: a statistical evaluation of 363 cases collected from the literature. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 1998;17:139– 148.
186.Spread C, Berkel H, Jewell L, Jenkins H, Yakimets W. Colon carcinoid tumors.A population-based study. Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37:482–491.
187.Moore CJ, Corl FM, Fishman EK. CT of cecal volvulus: unraveling the image. AJR 2001;177:95–98.
188.Javors BR, Baker SR, Miller JA. The northern exposure sign: a newly described finding in sigmoid volvulus. AJR 1999;173:571–574.
189.Yoshikawa A, Kuramoto S, Mimura T, et al. PeutzJeghers syndrome manifesting complete intussusception of the appendix and associated with a focal cancer of the duodenum and a cystadenocarcinoma of the
276
ADVANCED IMAGING OF THE ABDOMEN
pancreas: report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum 1998;41:517–521.
190.Fujimoto T, Fukuda T, Uetani M, et al. Unenhanced CT findings of vascular compromise in association with intussusceptions in adults. AJR 2001;176:1167–1171.
191.Hogan M, Johnson JF 3rd. Multipolypoid intussusceptum: a distinctive appearance of ileoileocolic intussusception at the ileocecal valve. Pediatr Radiol 1996;26:405–408.
192.Daneman A, Alton DJ, Lobo E, Gravett J, Kim P, Ein SH. Patterns of recurrence of intussusception in children: a 17–year review. Pediatr Radiol 1998;28:913–919.
193.Gorenstein A, Raucher A, Serour F, Witzling M, Katz R. Intussusception in children: reduction with repeated, delayed air enema. Radiology 1998;206:721–724.
194.Yoon CH, Kim HJ, Goo HW. Intussusception in children: US-guided pneumatic reduction—initial experience. Radiology 2001;218:85–88.
195.Daneman A, Alton DJ, Ein S, Wesson D, Superina R, Thorner P. Perforation during attempted intussusception reduction in children—a comparison of perforation with barium and air. Pediatr Radiol 1995;25: 81–88.
196.Walker M, Sylvain J, Stern H. Bowel obstruction in a pregnant patient with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. [Review] Can J Surg 1997;40:471–473.
197.Polignano FM, Caradonna P, Maiorano E, Ferrarese S. Recurrence of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction in selective adrenergic dysautonomia associated with infectious toxoplasmosis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997;32:89–94.
198.deSouza NM, Williams AD, Wilson HJ, Gilderdale DJ, Coutts GA, Black CM. Fecal incontinence in scleroderma: assessment of the anal sphincter with thinsection endoanal MR imaging. Radiology 1998;208: 529–535.
199.Kelvin FM, Hale DS, Maglinte DD, Patten BJ, Benson JT. Female pelvic organ prolapse: diagnostic contribution of dynamic cystoproctography and comparison with physical examination. AJR 1999;173:31–37.
200.Pucciani F, Rottoli ML, Bologna A, et al. Anterior rectocele and anorectal dysfunction. Int J Colorectal Dis 1998;11:1–9.
201.Kelvin FM, Hale DS, Maglinte DD, Patten BJ, Benson JT. Female pelvic organ prolapse: diagnostic contribution of dynamic cystoproctography and comparison with physical examination. AJR 1999;173:31–37.
202.Mellgren A, Lopez A, Schultz I, Anzen B. Rectocele is associated with paradoxical anal sphincter reaction. Int J Colorectal Dis 1998;13:13–16.
203.Salzano A, Grassi R, Habib I, et al. [The defecographic and clinical aspects of the solitary rectal ulcer syndrome.] [Italian] Radiol Med 1998;95:588–592.
204.Salzano A, Muto M, De Rosa A, et al. [Defecography in rectal wall prolapse conditions.] [Italian] Radiol Med 1999;97:486–490.
205.Halligan S, Malouf A, Bartram CI, Marshall M, Hollings N, Kamm MA. Predictive value of impaired evacuation at proctography in diagnosing anismus. AJR 2001;177:633–636.
206.Karoui S, Savoye-Collet C, Koning E, Leroi AM, Denis P. Prevalence of anal sphincter defects revealed by sonography in 335 incontinent patients and 115 continent patients. AJR 1999;173:389–392.
207.Stewart LK,Wilson SR. Transvaginal sonography of the anal sphincter: reliable, or not? AJR 1999;173:179– 185.
208.Rociu E, Stoker J, Eijkemans MJ, Schouten WR, Lameris JS. Fecal incontinence: endoanal US versus endoanal MR imaging. Radiology 1999;212:453–458.
209.Beets-Tan RG, Morren GL, Beets GL, et al. Measurement of anal sphincter muscles: endoanal US, endoanal MR imaging, or phased-array MR imaging? A study with healthy volunteers. Radiology 2001;220: 81–89.
210.Malouf AJ, Williams AB, Halligan S, Bartram CI, Dhillon S, Kamm MA. Prospective assessment of accuracy of endoanal MR imaging and endosonography in patients with fecal incontinence. AJR 2000;175: 741–745.
211.Salzano A, De Rosa A,Amodio F, et al. [Integrated study of fecal incontinence with defecography, anal ultrasonography, perineography, and manometry.] [Italian] Radiol Med 1998;96:574–578.
212.Ellul JP, Mannion S, Khoury GA. Spontaneous rupture of the rectum with evisceration of the small intestine through the anus. Eur J Surg 1995;161:925–927.
213.Spencer JA, Chapple K, Wilson D, Ward J, Windsor AC, Ambrose NS. Outcome after surgery for perianal fistula: predictive value of MR imaging. AJR 1998;171:403–406.
214.Di Nardo R, Drudi FM, Marziale P, et al. [Role of color Doppler echography in the visualization of perianal fistulae with injections of physiologic solutions.] [Italian] Radiol Med 2000;100:235–239.
215.Sudol-Szopinska I, Jakubowski W, Szczepkowski M, Sarti D. Usefulness of hydrogen peroxide enhancement in diagnosis of anal and ano-vaginal fistulas. Eur Radiol 2003;13:1080–1084.
216.Maier AG, Funovics MA, Kreuzer SH, et al. Evaluation of perianal sepsis: comparison of anal endosonography and magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001;14:254–260.
217.deSouza NM, Gilderdale DJ, Coutts GA, Puni R, Steiner RE. MRI of fistula-in-ano: a comparison of endoanal coil with external phased array coil techniques. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1998;22:357–363.
218.Beets-Tan RG, Beets GL, van der Hoop AG, et al. Preoperative MR imaging of anal fistulas: Does it really help the surgeon? Radiology 2001;218:75–84.
219.Madsen SM, Myschetzky PS, Heldmann U, Rasmussen OO, Thomsen HS. Fistula in ano: evaluation with lowfield magnetic resonance imaging (0.1 T). Scand J Gastroenterol 1999;34:1253–1256.
220.Scholefield JH, Berry DP, Armitage NC, Wastie ML. Magnetic resonance imaging in the management of fistula in ano. Int J Colorectal Dis 1997;12:276–279.
221.Lee BH, Choe DH, Lee JH, et al. Device for occlusion of rectovaginal fistula: clinical trials. Radiology 1997;203:65–69.
222.Pennoyer WP, Vignati PV, Cohen JL. Mesenteric angiography for lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage: are there predictors for a positive study? Dis Colon Rectum 1997;40:1014–1018.
223.Gunderman R, Leef J, Ong K, Reba R, Metz C. Scintigraphic screening prior to visceral arteriography in acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. J Nucl Med 1998;39:1081–1083.