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Part II

TEXTS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAJOR WORLD UNIVERSITIES

THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE

1. Learn the following words and phrases: academic (adj) [ˌæk ə'demɪk] – зд. научный;

academic (n) – преподаватель или научный сотрудник колледжа или университета;

as well as (adv) – так же, как;

carry out (v) – выполнять, проводить;

personalized (adj) ['pɜːs(ə)n(ə)laɪz] – личное, персонализированное; scholar (n) ['skɔlə] – ученый (обычно гуманитарий);

graduate (n) ['grædju ət] – выпускник университета; house (v) – предоставлять жилье, вмещать;

facility (n) – возможность, благоприятные условия, средства; run (v) – зд. управлять;

standing (n) – положение, статус, ранг, репутация; pursuit (n) – стремление, поиск.

2. Read and translate the text.

The University of Cambridge (informally known as «Cambridge University» or simply as «Cambridge») is a public research university located in Cambridge, England, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in the Englishspeaking world (after the University of Oxford), and the third-oldest surviving university in the world.

The reputation of the University of Cambridge for outstanding academic achievement is known world-wide and reflects the intellectual achievement of its students, as well as the world-class original research carried out by the staff of the University and the Colleges. These high standards are the result of both the learning opportunities offered at Cambridge and by its extensive resources, including libraries, museums and other collections. Teaching consists not only of lectures, seminars and practical classes led by people who are world experts in their fields, but also more personalized teaching arranged through the Colleges. Many opportunities exist for students to interact with scholars of all levels, both formally and informally.

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There are 31 Colleges in Cambridge. Three are for women (New Hall, Newnham and Lucy Cavendish) and two admit only graduates (Clare Hall and Darwin). The remainder house and teach all students enrolled in courses of study or research at the University.

Each College is an independent institution with its own property and income. The Colleges appoint their own staff and are responsible for selecting students, in accordance with the University regulations. The teaching of students is shared between the Colleges and the University departments. Degrees are awarded by the University.

Within each College, staff and students of all disciplines are brought together. This cross-fertilization has encouraged the free exchange of ideas, which has led to the creation of a number of new companies. Trinity and St. John’s have also established science parks, providing facilities for start-ups, and making a significant contribution to the identification of Cambridge as a centre of innovation and technology.

In addition to the collections on display in the University’s libraries and museums, there is a wealth of sporting and cultural activity at the University of Cambridge, much of it organized by individual clubs and societies run by staff and students. Although the University does not offer courses in the creative arts or sport, there is a strong tradition of achievement in these fields, with many former students going on to gain international standing as artists, performers and athletes. Initiatives ensure that aspiring performers enrich their education with a high level of activity outside the lecture.

The mission of the University of Cambridge is to contribute to society through the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence. The University of Cambridge is rich in history – its famous Colleges and University buildings attract visitors from all over the world. The University’s museums and collections also hold many treasures which give an exciting insight into some of the scholarly activities, both past and present, of the University's academics and students.

3. Read the text again and answer the following questions.

1.What does the reputation of University of Cambridge reflect?

2.What does the teaching at this University consist of?

3.Are there any sporting or cultural activities in the University of Cam-

bridge?

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4.How can one be recognized as an athlete or an artist, if there are no courses in the creative arts or sport at the University?

5.What is the difference between «a scientist» and «a scholar»?

4.Say whether these statements are True (T) or False (F). Correct the false ones.

1) The University of Cambridge is the first-oldest university in the Englishspeaking world.

2) The University of Cambridge is well-known for its outstanding academic achievement in teaching.

3) Only the learning opportunities offered at Cambridge have led to such high standards.

4) Personalized teaching is one of the elements in the teaching process at Cambridge.

5) There is an opportunity to interact with scholars, but only formally.

6) According to University regulations, the staff is elected by students’ voting. 7) Sometimes degrees can be awarded by Colleges.

8) Among various courses at the University one can also find courses in the creative arts and sports.

9) Many former students gain international standing as artists, performers and athletes.

10) A high level of activity outside the lecture is not at all necessary at the University of Cambridge.

5.Translate the following phrases into Russian: public research university, an outstanding academic achievement, world-class original research, crossfertilization, free exchange, creative arts, former students, to gain international standing, aspiring performers, an exciting insight.

6.Complete the sentences with these prepositions: at, with (2), for (2), of, in, out, to (2).

1.Teaching consists not only ______ lectures, seminars and practical classes.

2.The University of Cambridge is rich ______ history. 3. These high standards are the result of the learning opportunities offered ______ Cambridge. 4. The reputation of the University ______ outstanding academic achievement is known worldwide. 5. This has led ______ the creation of a number of new companies. 6. The Colleges appoint their own staff and they are responsible ______ selecting stu-

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dents. 7. A great number of the world-class original researches are carried ______

by the staff of the University. 8. Many opportunities exist for students to interact

______ scholars of all levels. 9. In addition ______ the collections on display in the University’s libraries and museums, there is a wealth of other activity at the University. 10. In accordance ______ the University regulations the Colleges appoint their own staff.

7. Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about the University of Cambridge.

MASSACHUSSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

1. Learn the following words and phrases: emphasis (n) ['emfəsɪs] – акцент, внимание;

emphasize (v) ['emfəsaɪz] – придавать особое значение, подчеркивать, акцентировать;

engineering education – инженерное (техническое) образование; applied (adj) [ə'plaɪd] – прикладной;

teaching staff – профессорско-преподавательский состав; tenure (n) ['tenjuə] – срок пребывания (в должности); charter (n) ['ʧɑːtə] – устав;

coupling (adj) ['kʌplɪŋ] – совместный; advance (v) – продвигать, двигать вперед;

scholarship (n) ['skɔləʃɪp] – образованность, эрудиция; bring to bear – влиять, воздействовать.

2. Read and translate the text.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the United States. MIT has five schools and one college, containing a total of 32 academic departments, with a strong emphasis on scientific, engineering, and technological education and research, and is considered one of the most prestigious universities in the world.

Founded in 1861 in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States, the Institute adopted the European polytechnic university model and emphasized laboratory instruction from an early date. MIT’s early emphasis on applied technology at the undergraduate and graduate levels led to close cooperation with industry. Researchers were involved in efforts to develop computers, radar,

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and inertial guidance in connection with defense research during World War II and the Cold War.

The current 168-acre campus opened in 1916 and extends over 1 mile (1.6 km) along the northern bank of the Charles River basin. In the past 60 years, MIT’s educational disciplines have expanded beyond the physical sciences and engineering into fields such as biology, economics, linguistics, political science, and management.

MIT has around 1,020 faculty members, of whom over 210 are women. Faculty are responsible for lecturing classes, advising both graduate and undergraduate students, and sitting on academic committees, as well as conducting original research. Between 1964 and 2009, a total of seventeen faculty and staff members affiliated with MIT were awarded Nobel Prizes (thirteen in 25 years). MIT faculty members, past or present, have won a total of twenty-seven Nobel Prizes, the majority in Economics or Physics. Among current faculty and teaching staff, there are eighty Guggenheim Fellows, six Fulbright Scholars, and twenty-nine MacArthur Fellows. Faculty members who have made extraordinary contributions to their research field as well as the MIT community are granted appointments as Institute Professors for the remainder of their tenures.

The Institute admitted its first students in 1865, four years after the approval of its founding charter. The opening marked the culmination of an extended effort by William Barton Rogers, a distinguished natural scientist, to establish a new kind of independent educational institution relevant to an increasingly industrialized America. Rogers believed that professional competence is best fostered by coupling teaching and research and by focusing attention on real-world problems. Toward this end, he pioneered the development of the teaching laboratory.

Today MIT is a world-class educational institution. Teaching and research with relevance to the practical world as a guiding principle continue to be its primary purpose. MIT is independent, coeducational, and privately endowed. The mission of MIT is to advance knowledge and educate students in science, technology, and other areas of scholarship that will best serve the nation and the world in the 21st century. The Institute is committed to generating, disseminating, and preserving knowledge, and to working with others to bring this knowledge to bear on the world's great challenges. MIT is dedicated to providing its students with an education that combines rigorous academic study and the excitement of discovery with the support and intellectual stimulation of a diverse campus community.

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