Материал: 4809

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to bring to an action – возбудить судебное дело; предъявить иск to be charged with (accused of) – обвиняться в

client – подзащитный

to adjudge (find) smb guilty – признать виновным to admit one's guilt — признавать свою вину intentionally – умышленно

serious / strenuous / strong objection — серьёзное, сильное возражение valid objection — законное, справедливое возражение

objection overruled — протест отклоняется objection sustained — протест принимается

to overrule (to sustain)an objection — отклонять (принимать) возражение to withdraw an objection — снять возражение

The judge overruled their objection. — Судья отклонил их возражение. sentence – приговор, осуждение, обвинительное заключение

to commute / reduce a sentence — смягчать приговор, сократить срок наказания to get off with a light sentence — отделаться мягким приговором

to pass a sentence upon smb. — выносить приговор кому-л. to serve one's sentence — отбывать срок наказания

to suspend a sentence — временно откладывать исполнение приговора to carry out / execute a sentence — исполнять приговор

to impose / pronounce a sentence — выносить приговор under sentence — осуждённый, приговорённый

to bring / institute a suit against smb. — предъявить иск кому-л. to be at suit — судиться

to lose a suit — проиграть судебный процесс to reject the suit – отказать в иске

to mount a suit — предъявить иск

to press a suit — оказывать давление на ход судебного процесса to win a (legal) suit — выиграть судебный процесс

case at law — судебное дело; предмет судебного разбирательства to commence a case — возбудить иск, обвинение, судебное дело to dismiss a case — прекратить дело

to review the case — пересмотреть дело

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to reach a case — выиграть дело to win a case — выиграть дело

case under investigation — расследуемое дело

under the cases — в соответствии с судебной практикой

II.

According to the teacher’s instructions act out a meeting between investors and sales people selling a franchising operation.

PJ FOODS RATONALISES EUROPEAN OPERATIONS

HUNDREDS OF MANAGERS TO GO

PJ Foods, the food and beverage giant, ended a troubled year’s trading with the news that around 400 managers from all departments of the company’s European operations will lose their jobs in a cost-cutting exercise designed to make PJ more competitive. Commented

CEO Lance Gullik: “Of course we regret taking this step, but it is a part of a process of reengineering the entire company. We are removing layers of management to get closer to our front-line workers and our customers. Some top-level executives, such as Chief Buyer Hans De Witt, will be picking up pay-offs worth $1m or more, but the majority of those to go will be middle-managers. They will pick up between $35.000 and $100.000.

SUPERSUB ANNOUNCE NEW PROFIT HIGH

The chain of franchised sandwich stores announced record profits at its shareholders meeting yesterday. There are now over 10.000 stores in the chain, with an average income per store of $1.2 m per year.

SuperSub’s receipts from franchise holders were $ 180m. The company announced the formation of its ‘SuperSub Millionaires’ Club’ for franchisees who have become millionaires through the franchising. It already has 100 members. However, closures were also higher last year. Two hundred SuperSub franchise holders resigned their franchises because income was too low.

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MEMO

From: Petra LaSalle

To: All sales staff

As you may have seen, another record year. We are now up to 10.000 stores in the chain, with an average income per store of $1.2 m per year: receipts from franchise holders were $ 180m. The new ‘SuperSub Millionaires’ Club’ already has 100 members. The only bad news is that 200 SuperSub franchise holders resigned their franchises because they weren’t getting enough income. Most of them were in suburban locations. We really need to concentrate on city centres: office staff taking lunch really are our core market.

Keep up the good work,

Petra La Salle

SUPERSUB: CLEAN; SIMPLE; HEALTHY

SUPERSUB is an international franchised chain of stores selling takeaway sandwiches and salads. It has been in existence since 1980 and is a world leader in food retailing. The concept underlying its success is Clean, Simple, Healthy Food. The franchises are easy to operate: none of the food sold in a SuperSub store is cooked.

Training

New franchisees receive two week’s intensive training in our international headquarters in

Columbus, Ohio (air fares and accomodation not included). The programme covers everything you need to know about owning and operating a SuperSub store, and includes visits to actual operations. There are advanced courses for existing franchisees, and the SuperSub monthly newsletter contains tips to help you maximise your income.

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Support

Being a SupeSub franchisee means that you get professional advice on marketing, taxes, real estate, store design and recruitment and many more areas from our 25 Business Expertise Departments in Columbus. Call us any time – it’s a toll-free line.

Growth in SuperSub operations

SuperSub opens over 1.000 new stores a year. It has outlets in all 50 states and in most European countries. This brings many benefits to our franchisees, including:

Low, low prices on equipment because of our bulk-buying power.

Nationwide TV advertising

Increased customer recognition of your business’s name

Capital requirements, income and other costs

How much capital you need will depend largely on where you open your store and whether you build or convert existing premises. Recently a franchisee converted a shop in central Paris and got into business for only $160.000. He is now turning over $1.8 m per year. More modest suburban locations can be set up for as little as $50.000.

Gross incomes from SuperSub stores vary from $350.000 to over $10 m. Net profits before tax are around 10-15% in most locations. When you set up your SuperSub store we will be available to help at any time. For this service we charge a one-off non refundable fee of $2.500-$5.000, depending on the size of the store. Once you are in operation, we charge 1.5% of your gross income for use of the SuperSub name and business methods. We audit your accounts once a year.

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ORIENTAIR

FILE 1

Glossary

Make sure that you know these words. Find their Russian equivalents.

hong - a foreign firm or a company in China

route - a way or course planned or taken to get from one place to another fierce - violent, cruel

drop in the market share - declining, growing weaker, becoming less fleet - group of aircraft belonging to a particular owner

turnover - total value of business done during a period of time surplus - excess of income over expenditure

operating surplus - difference between the revenues of a business and related costs and expenses, excluding income and expenses from sources other than its regular activities and before income deductions

profit ( surplus) - difference between business income and expenses gross profit - difference between the value of sales and the cost of goods revenue - money received during a particular period of time

capacity - the amount a factory or process can produce in a certain time

factor (coefficient, index, rate, ratio) - value measured by its relation to some other amount break-even - a situation where income from sales equals the expenses of production, so neither profit nor loss is made

direct ticket - point-to-point ticket (flight) return ticket - round-trip ticket

single ticket - one-way ticket stopover - flight with stops on the way inward journey - homeward journey outward journey - trip abroad

overall results - total results poor results - bad results healthy results - good results