Материал: Правила выполнения и проведения лабораторных работ 5 Критерии оценки лабораторных работ 5

Для исправления разночтений в настройках инкапсуляции для последовательного интерфейса ведите команду encapsulation ppp на интерфейсе S0/0/0 для маршрутизатора Central.

Central(config)# interface s0/0/0 Central(config-if)# encapsulation ppp Central(config-if)#

.Jun 19 06:03:41.186: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0,
changed state to up
.Jun 19 06:03:41.274: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.1.1 on Serial0/0/0 from
LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

Убедитесь, что интерфейс S0/0/0 как на маршрутизаторе «Филиал 1», так и на маршрутизаторе «Главный» находится в активном состоянии и настроен с инкапсуляцией PPP.

Укажите состояние протокола PPP (LCP). ____________ Укажите, согласование каких протоколов NCP было выполнено. _____________________________________________________________________________Branch1# show interfaces s0/0/0 Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is WIC MBRD Serial Internet address is 10.1.1.1/30 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit/sec, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation PPP, LCP Open Open: IPCP, CDPCP, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:03:58 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue: 0/40 (size/max) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 77 packets input, 4636 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts) 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 117 packets output, 5800 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 8 interface resets 22 unknown protocol drops 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 18 carrier transitions DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up Central# show interfaces s0/0/0 Serial0/0/0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is WIC MBRD Serial Internet address is 10.1.1.2/30 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit/sec, DLY 20000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation PPP, LCP Open Open: IPCP, CDPCP, loopback not set Keepalive set (10 sec) Last input 00:00:02, output 00:00:03, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:01:20 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue: 0/40 (size/max) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 41 packets input, 2811 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts (0 IP multicasts)

0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 40 packets output, 2739 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets 0 unknown protocol drops 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 0 carrier transitions DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up Шаг 3: Намеренно разорвите последовательное подключение.

Выполните команды debug ppp, чтобы понаблюдать за влиянием изменения настройки PPP на маршрутизаторы «Филиал 1» и «Главный».

Branch1# debug ppp negotiation PPP protocol negotiation debugging is on Branch1# debug ppp packet PPP packet display debugging is on Central# debug ppp negotiation PPP protocol negotiation debugging is on Central# debug ppp packet PPP packet display debugging is on

Наблюдайте за сообщениями команды debug PPP при проходе трафика по последовательному каналу между маршрутизаторами «Филиал 1» и «Главный».

Branch1# Jun 20 02:20:45.795: Se0/0/0 PPP: O pkt type 0x0021, datagramsize 84 Jun 20 02:20:49.639: Se0/0/0 PPP: I pkt type 0x0021, datagramsize 84 link[ip] Jun 20 02:20:50.147: Se0/0/0 LCP-FS: I ECHOREQ [Open] id 45 len 12 magic 0x73885AF2 Jun 20 02:20:50.147: Se0/0/0 LCP-FS: O ECHOREP [Open] id 45 len 12 magic 0x8CE1F65F Jun 20 02:20:50.159: Se0/0/0 LCP: O ECHOREQ [Open] id 45 len 12 magic 0x8CE1F65F Jun 20 02:20:50.159: Se0/0/0 LCP-FS: I ECHOREP [Open] id 45 len 12 magic 0x73885AF2 Jun 20 02:20:50.159: Se0/0/0 LCP-FS: Received id 45, sent id 45, line up Central# Jun 20 02:20:49.636: Se0/0/0 PPP: O pkt type 0x0021, datagramsize 84 Jun 20 02:20:50.148: Se0/0/0 LCP: O ECHOREQ [Open] id 45 len 12 magic 0x73885AF2 Jun 20 02:20:50.148: Se0/0/0 LCP-FS: I ECHOREP [Open] id 45 len 12 magic 0x8CE1F65F Jun 20 02:20:50.148: Se0/0/0 LCP-FS: Received id 45, sent id 45, line up Jun 20 02:20:50.160: Se0/0/0 LCP-FS: I ECHOREQ [Open] id 45 len 12 magic 0x8CE1F65F Jun 20 02:20:50.160: Se0/0/0 LCP-FS: O ECHOREP [Open] id 45 len 12 magic 0x73885AF2 Jun 20 02:20:55.552: Se0/0/0 PPP: I pkt type 0x0021, datagramsize 84 link[ip]

Разорвите последовательное подключение путем возвращения HDLC в качестве инкапсуляции для последовательного интерфейса S0/0/0 маршрутизатора «Филиал 1». Запишите команду, использованную для изменения инкапсуляции на HDLC.

_____________________________________________________________________________

Наблюдайте за сообщениями команды debug PPP на маршрутизаторе «Филиал 1».

Последовательное подключение завершено, и протокол линии связи не функционирует. Маршрут к 10.1.1.2 («Главный») удалён из таблицы маршрутизации. Jun 20 02:29:50.295: Se0/0/0 PPP DISC: Lower Layer disconnected Jun 20 02:29:50.295: PPP: NET STOP send to AAA. Jun 20 02:29:50.299: Se0/0/0 IPCP: Event[DOWN] State[Open to Starting] Jun 20 02:29:50.299: Se0/0/0 IPCP: Event[CLOSE] State[Starting to Initial] Jun 20 02:29:50.299: Se0/0/0 CDPCP: Event[DOWN] State[Open to Starting] Jun 20 02:29:50.299: Se0/0/0 CDPCP: Event[CLOSE] State[Starting to Initial] Jun 20 02:29:50.29 Branch1(config-if)#9: Se0/0/0 LCP: O TERMREQ [Open] id 7 len 4 Jun 20 02:29:50.299: Se0/0/0 LCP: Event[CLOSE] State[Open to Closing] Jun 20 02:29:50.299:

Se0/0/0 PPP: Phase is TERMINATING Jun 20 02:29:50.299: Se0/0/0 Deleted neighbor route from AVL tree: topoid 0, address 10.1.1.2 Jun 20 02:29:50.299: Se0/0/0 IPCP: Remove route to 10.1.1.2 Jun 20 02:29:50.299: Se0/0/0 LCP: Event[DOWN] State[Closing to Initial] Jun 20 02:29:50.299: Se0/0/0 PPP: Phase is DOWN Branch1(config-if)#

Jun 20 02:30:17.083: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0,
changed state to down
Jun 20 02:30:17.083: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 209.165.200.225 on Serial0/0/0
from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached

e. Наблюдайте за сообщениями команды debug PPP на маршрутизаторе «Главный». Маршрутизатор «Главный» продолжает попытки установить подключение к маршрутизатору «Филиал 1», как видно из сообщений команды debug. Если интерфейсы не могут установить подключение, интерфейсы снова прекращают работу. Кроме того, OSPF не может сформировать отношения смежности с соседним с ним устройством вследствие несоответствия инкапсуляции для последовательного канала. Jun 20 02:29:50.296: Se0/0/0 PPP: Sending cstate DOWN notification Jun 20 02:29:50.296: Se0/0/0 PPP: Processing CstateDown message Jun 20 02:29:50.296: Se0/0/0 PPP DISC: Lower Layer disconnected Jun 20 02:29:50.296: PPP: NET STOP send to AAA. Jun 20 02:29:50.296: Se0/0/0 IPCP: Event[DOWN] State[Open to Starting] Jun 20 02:29:50.296: Se0/0/0 IPCP: Event[CLOSE] State[Starting to Initial] Jun 20 02:29:50.296: Se0/0/0 CDPCP: Event[DOWN] State[Open to Starting] Jun 20 02:29:50.296: Se0/0/0 CDPCP: Event[CLOSE] State[Starting to Initial] Jun 20 02:29:50.296: Se0/0/0 LCP: O TERMREQ [Open] id 2 len 4 Jun 20 02:29:50.296: Se0/0/0 LCP: Event[CLOSE] State[Open to Closing] Jun 20 02:29:50.296: Se0/0/0 PPP: Phase is TERMINATING Jun 20 02:29:50.296: Se0/0/0 Deleted neighbor route from AVL tree: topoid 0, address 10.1.1.1 Jun 20 02:29:50.296: Se0/0/0 IPCP: Remove route to 10.1.1.1

Jun 20 02:29:50.296: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.1.1 on Serial0/0/0 from
FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached

Jun 20 02:29:50.296: Se0/0/0 LCP: Event[DOWN] State[Closing to Initial] Jun 20 02:29:50.296: Se0/0/0 PPP: Phase is DOWN

Jun 20 02:29:52.296: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0,
changed state to down

.Jun 20 02:29:52.296: Se0/0/0 PPP: Sending cstate UP notification .Jun 20 02:29:52.296: Se0/0/0 PPP: Processing CstateUp message .Jun 20 02:29:52.296: PPP: Alloc Context [29F9F32C]

.Jun 20 02:29:52.296: ppp3 PPP: Phase is ESTABLISHING .Jun 20 02:29:52.296: Se0/0/0 PPP: Using default call direction .Jun 20 02:29:52.296: Se0/0/0 PPP: Treating connection as a dedicated line .Jun 20 02:29:52.296: Se0/0/0 PPP: Session handle[60000003] Session id[3] .Jun 20 02:29:52.296: Se0/0/0 LCP: Event[OPEN] State[Initial to Starting] .Jun 20 02:29:52.296: Se0/0/0 LCP: O CONFREQ [Starting] id 1 len 10 .Jun 20 02:29:52.296: Se0/0/0 LCP: MagicNumber 0x7397843B (0x05067397843B) .Jun 20 02:29:52.296: Se0/0/0 LCP:Event[UP] State[Starting to REQsent] .Jun 20 02:29:54.308: Se0/0/0 LCP: O CONFREQ [REQsent] id 2 len 10 .Jun 20 02:29:54.308: Se0/0/0 LCP: MagicNumber 0x7397843B (0x05067397843B) .Jun 20 02:29:54.308: Se0/0/0 LCP: Event[Timeout+] State[REQsent to REQsent] .Jun 20 02:29:56.080: Se0/0/0 PPP: I pkt type 0x008F, datagramsize 24 link[illegal] .Jun 20 02:29:56.080: Se0/0/0 UNKNOWN(0x008F): Non-NCP packet, discarding <Данные опущены> .Jun 20 02:30:10.436: Se0/0/0 LCP: O CONFREQ [REQsent] id 10 len 10 .Jun 20 02:30:10.436: Se0/0/0 LCP: MagicNumber 0x7397843B (0x05067397843B) .Jun 20 02:30:10.436: Se0/0/0 LCP: Event[Timeout+] State[REQsent to REQsent] .Jun 20 02:30:12.452: Se0/0/0 PPP DISC: LCP failed to negotiate .Jun 20 02:30:12.452: PPP: NET STOP send to AAA. .Jun 20 02:30:12.452: Se0/0/0 LCP: Event[Timeout-] State[REQsent to Stopped] .Jun 20 02:30:12.452: Se0/0/0 LCP: Event[DOWN] State[Stopped to Starting] .Jun 20 02:30:12.452: Se0/0/0 PPP: Phase is DOWN .Jun 20 02:30:14.452: PPP: Alloc Context [29F9F32C] .Jun 20 02:30:14.452: ppp4 PPP: Phase is ESTABLISHING .Jun 20 02:30:14.452: Se0/0/0 PPP: Using default call direction .Jun 20 02:30:14.452: Se0/0/0 PPP: Treating connection as a dedicated line .Jun 20 02:30:14.452: Se0/0/0 PPP: Session handle[6E000004] Session id[4] .Jun 20 02:30:14.452: Se0/0/0 LCP: Event[OPEN] State[Initial to Starting] .Jun 20 02:30:14.452: Se0/0/0 LCP: O CONFREQ [Starting] id 1 len 10 .Jun 20 02:30:14.452: Se0/0/0 LCP: MagicNumber 0x7397DADA (0x05067397DADA) .Jun 20 02:30:14.452: Se0/0/0 LCP: Event[UP] State[Starting to REQsent] .Jun 20 02:30:16.080: Se0/0/0 PPP: I pkt type 0x008F, datagramsize 24 link[illegal] .Jun 20 02:30:16.080: Se0/0/0 UNKNOWN(0x008F): Non-NCP packet, discarding <Данные опущены> .Jun 20 02:30:32.580: Se0/0/0 LCP: O CONFREQ [REQsent] id 10 len 10 .Jun 20 02:30:32.580: Se0/0/0 LCP: MagicNumber 0x7397DADA (0x05067397DADA) .Jun 20 02:30:32.580: Se0/0/0 LCP: Event[Timeout+] State[REQsent to REQsent] .Jun 20 02:30:34.596: Se0/0/0 PPP DISC: LCP failed to negotiate .Jun 20 02:30:34.596: PPP: NET STOP send to AAA. .Jun 20 02:30:34.596: Se0/0/0 LCP: Event[Timeout-] State[REQsent to Stopped] .Jun 20 02:30:34.596: Se0/0/0 LCP: Event[DOWN] State[Stopped to Starting] .Jun 20 02:30:34.596: Se0/0/0 PPP: Phase is DOWN .Jun 20 02:30:36.080: Se0/0/0 PPP: I pkt type 0x008F, discarded, PPP not running .Jun 20 02:30:36.596: PPP: Alloc Context [29F9F32C] .Jun 20 02:30:36.596: ppp5 PPP: Phase is ESTABLISHING .Jun 20 02:30:36.596: Se0/0/0 PPP: Using default call direction .Jun 20 02:30:36.596: Se0/0/0 PPP: Treating connection as a dedicated line .Jun 20 02:30:36.596: Se0/0/0 PPP: Session handle[34000005] Session id[5] .Jun 20 02:30:36.596: Se0/0/0 LCP: Event[OPEN] State[Initial to Starting] Что происходит в случае, если на одном конце последовательного канала используется инкапсуляция PPP, а на другом — HDLC? _____________________________________________________________________________

Введите команду encapsulation ppp на интерфейсе S0/0/0 маршрутизатора «Филиал 1», чтобы исправить несоответствующую инкапсуляцию.

Branch1(config)# interface s0/0/0 Branch1(config-if)# encapsulation ppp

Наблюдайте за сообщениями команды debug PPP от маршрутизатора «Филиал 1» при установке подключения между маршрутизаторами «Филиал 1» и «Главный».

Branch1(config-if)#

Jun 20 03:01:57.399: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 209.165.200.225 on Serial0/0/0
from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
Jun 20 03:01:59.399: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0,
changed state to down

Jun 20 03:01:59.399: Se0/0/0 PPP: Sending cstate UP notification Jun 20 03:01:59.399: Se0/0/0 PPP: Processing CstateUp message Jun 20 03:01:59.399: PPP: Alloc Context [30F8D4F0] Jun 20 03:01:59.399: ppp9 PPP: Phase is ESTABLISHING Jun 20 03:01:59.399: Se0/0/0 PPP: Using default call direction Jun 20 03:01:59.399: Se0/0/0 PPP: Treating connection as a dedicated lineJun 20 03:01:59.399: Se0/0/0 PPP: Session handle[BA000009] Session id[9] Jun 20 03:01:59.399: Se0/0/0 LCP: Event[OPEN] State[Initial to Starting] Jun 20 03:01:59.399: Se0/0/0 LCP: O CONFREQ [Starting] id 1 len 10 Jun 20 03:01:59.399: Se0/0/0 LCP: MagicNumber 0x8D0EAC44 (0x05068D0EAC44) Jun 20 03:01:59.399: Se0/0/0 LCP: Event[UP] State[Starting to REQsent] Jun 20 03:01:59.407: Se0/0/0 PPP: I pkt type 0xC021, datagramsize 14 link[ppp] Jun 20 03:01:59.407: Se0/0/0 LCP: I CONFREQ [REQsent] id 1 len 10 Jun 20 03:01:59.407: Se0/0/0 LCP: MagicNumber 0x73B4F1AF (0x050673B4F1AF) Jun 20 03:01:59.407: Se0/0/0 LCP: O CONFACK [REQsent] id 1 len 10 Jun 20 03:01:59.407: Se0/0/0 LCP: MagicNumber 0x73B4F1AF (0x050673B4F1AF) Jun 20 03:01:59.407: Se0/0/0 LCP: Event[Receive ConfReq+] State[REQsent to ACKsent] Jun 20 03:01:59.407: Se0/0/0 PPP: I pkt type 0xC021, datagramsize 14 link[ppp] Jun 20 03:01:59.407: Se0/0/0 LCP: I CONFACK [ACKsent] id 1 len 10 Jun 20 03:01:59.407: Se0/0/0 LCP: MagicNumber 0x8D0EAC44 (0x05068D0EAC44) Jun 20 03:01:59.407: Se0/0/0 LCP: Event[Receive ConfAck] State[ACKsent to Open] Jun 20 03:01:59.439: Se0/0/0 PPP: Phase is FORWARDING, Attempting Forward Jun 20 03:01:59.439: Se0/0/0 LCP: State is Open Jun 20 03:01:59.439: Se0/0/0 PPP: Phase is ESTABLISHING, Finish LCP

Jun 20 03:01:59.439: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0,
changed state to up

Jun 20 03:01:59.439: Se0/0/0 PPP: Outbound cdp packet dropped, line protocol not up Jun 20 03:01:59.439: Se0/0/0 PPP: Phase is UP Jun 20 03:01:59.439: Se0/0/0 IPCP: Protocol configured, start CP. state[Initial] Jun 20 03:01:59.439: Se0/0/0 IPCP: Event[OPEN] State[Initial to Starting] Jun 20 03:01:59.439: Se0/0/0 IPCP: O CONFREQ [Starting] id 1 len 10 Jun 20 03:01:59.439: Se0/0/0 IPCP: Address 10.1.1.1 (0x03060A010101) Jun 20 03:01:59.439: Se0/0/0 IPCP: Event[UP] State[Starting to REQsent] Jun 20 03:01:59.439: Se0/0/0 CDPCP: Protocol configured, start CP. state[Initial] <Данные опущены> Jun 20 03:01:59.471: Se0/0/0 Added to neighbor route AVL tree: topoid 0, address 10.1.1.2 Jun 20 03:01:59.471: Se0/0/0 IPCP: Install route to 10.1.1.2 Jun 20 03:01:59.471: Se0/0/0 PPP: O pkt type 0x0021, datagramsize 80 Jun 20 03:01:59.479: Se0/0/0 PPP: I pkt type 0x0021, datagramsize 80 link[ip] Jun 20 03:01:59.479: Se0/0/0 PPP: O pkt type 0x0021, datagramsize 84 Jun 20 03:01:59.483: Se0/0/0 PPP: I pkt type 0x0021, datagramsize 84 link[ip] Jun 20 03:01:59.483: Se0/0/0 PPP: O pkt type 0x0021, datagramsize 68

Источник: https://files.student-it.ru/previewfile/244818

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