Exercise 4 (do it yourself)
Translate the sentences using the below expressions:
1.The trouble is
2.to consider somebody something
3.to depend on
4.to come up with
5.to convince
6.to replace
7.to regard
1.Дело в том, что развитие науки гораздо драматичнее.
2.Больтсмана считают одним из величайших ученых 19 века.
3.Работа Больтсмана основывалась на существовании атомов.
4.Максвелл предложил уравнения для объяснения явления электромагнетизма.
5.Противников невозможно убедить.
6.Новая теория побеждает тогда, когда вырастает новое поколение.
7.Новое поколение ученых естественно воспринимает новые
идеи.
UNIT 7
HUMAN PROGRESS
THE WAYS WE CHOOSE
“Humanity needs a substantially new way of thinking if it is to survive.”
Einstein
PRE-READING TASK
Give Russian correspondence:
originally (initially), available goods (products on sale), in order to V ~ to V, instead (as opposed to), to give rise to (to lead to, to result in), for the sake of, even if (even though), to make somebody do something (to force somebody to do something), rather than (instead of), the only (single), too +Adj., the greater …….., the greater
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“LESS IS MORE”
Van Der Rohe
FYI
1.a myth – (here) an untrue idea or explanation
2.a principle – a general rule that you try to obey
Study the passage. Mind the underlined grammar points.
Science was originally invented to understand the universe. Technology was developed to increase the goods available in order to satisfy essential human needs. The main objective of technology is the quality of life for all but instead it was used to create “artificial” needs.
Technology has given rise to a dangerous myth: quantity for the sake of quantity, profit for the sake of profit, more goods, even if they satisfy only social status, even if they are unevenly distributed; more energy even if most of it is wasted; more money even if it is devalued in a mad inflationary race. The main objective of the society we live in is to make us consume. Today a nation’s importance is measured by its rate of production rather than by its intellectual contribution. With increased production as the only goal, the responsibility of nations to the environment and to future generations is abandoned.
Money is at the bottom of human relations in the present day world. Money brings power, security, comfort and entertainment. Everything can be bought and sold, even a feeling of selfrespect. Money substituted human relations with market relations. The principle of life and the goal of human existence are turned upside down. But people are too rational to change them. For the sake of profit a rational man is ready to destroy everything that blocks his way. And the greater the social status of a rational man, the greater the damage he makes. As a result we are having a highly technically developed civilization experiencing a deep moral and ecological crisis. Can anything be done to change the situation?
Vocabulary Notes
1.an objective – a goal – a purpose – an aim
2.artificial – (ant.) natural
3.evenly – equally
4.to consume – to buy
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5.the environment – nature
6.to abandon responsibility – to give up – to quit
7.to be at the bottom of a situation – to be the real cause of the situation
8.to substitute – to change something with something
9.damage – destruction
POST-READING TASK
(To be done at home in writing) I. Put in the prepositions.
1.The main objective … technology is the quality … life … all.
2.Technology has given rise … a dangerous myth: quantity ….. .. quantity.
3.Money is devalued … a mad inflationary race.
4.The main objective … the society we live … is to make us con-
sume.
5.Today a nation’s importance is measured … its rate of production.
6.Today a nation’s importance is not measured … its intellectual contribution.
7.The responsibility of nations … the environment and … future generations is abandoned.
II. Give words close in meaning. |
|
1. initial |
6. to give up |
2. products on sale |
7. single |
3. to V |
8. to result in |
4. main |
9. nature |
5. a goal |
10. to buy |
III. Give antonyms. |
|
1. to increase |
4. to use |
2. essential |
5. spiritual |
3. to buy |
6. to create |
IV. Make up simple sentences in the passive voice on the basis of
the passage using: |
|
1. to be invented |
5. to be wasted |
2. to be developed |
6. to be devalued |
3. to be used |
7. to be measured |
4. to be unevenly distributed |
8. to be abandoned |
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CLASS EXERCISES
Exercise 1 (do it yourself)
Translate the sentences.
1.Для чего была создана наука?
2.Для чего была создана техника?
3.Какова основная цель техники?
4.Как используется техника в современном мире?
5.Чем определяется социальный статус в современном мире?
6.Товары справедливо распределяются в современном общест-
ве?
7.Сколько энергии теряется?
8.Почему обесцениваются деньги?
9.Какова основная цель современного общественного устройст-
ва?
10.Чем определяется значение нации в том мире, в котором мы живем?
Exercise 2 (class activity) A Round Table Talk
Student A asks the first question (ex. 1), student B answers it and addresses the second question to students C.
Exercise 3 (in groups)
Do you share the author’s point of view? This is what the great minds think.
Study the quotations and say which ones you agree with.
1.“Democracy is the government of the people, by the people, for the people.” (Abraham Lincoln, American president)
2.“The best system is to have one party govern and the other watch.” (Lincoln)
3.“The political system works because it is united minority acting against a divided majority.” (Durant)
4.“Equal rights for all, special privileges for none.” (Thomas Jefferson, the author of the American constitution)
5.“No man is wise enough, or good enough to be trusted an unlimited power. Power will intoxicate the best hearts, as wine the strongest heads.” (Colton)
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6.“How can a man be said to have a country when he hasn’t right to a square inch of it? (George)
7.“I don’t believe in principle, but I do in interest.” (Lowell, American poet and diplomat)
9.“Crime does not pay ….. as well as politics.” (Alfred Neumann)
10.“Society prepares the crime, the criminal commits it.” (Buckle)
11.“If the government becomes a lawbreaker, it breeds contempt for law.” (Brandeis, French writer)
12.“Property is theft.” (Proudhon, French philosopher and econo-
mist)
13.“Many commit the same crime with a different result. One gets a cross for his crime; another one a crown.” (Juvenal, Roman philosopher)
14.One law for the poor, another one for the rich. (Saying)
15.“It is the duty of the government to make it difficult for people to do wrong, easy to do right.” (Gladstone, English politician)
16.“Behind every fortune there is a crime.” (Honore de Balzac, French writer)
17.“The weaker the state, the more numerous are its laws.” (Tatsites, 55 AD, Roman historian)
18.“Laws are like cobwebs which may catch small flies, but let wasps and hornets break through.” (Jonathan Swift, English writer)
19.“America believes in education: the average professor earns more money in a year than a professional athlete in a whole week.” (Evan Escarp)
20.“Great people are they who think that spiritual is more important than the material.” (Emerson, American essayist and philosopher)
Vocabulary Notes
1.a contempt – (ant.) respect
2.a property – valuable things
3.a theft – the act of stealing
4.a fortune – a very large amount of money
5.a cobweb – the net which a spider makes for catching insects
6.a wasp – an insect with yellow and black stripes across its body which can sting like a bee but does not produce honey
7.a hornet – a large wasp
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