Материал: academic_matters[1]
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9. READING AND SPEAKING
9a Skim the selections and match them to the headings given below. Read the
text and compare the academic degrees in American higher education
institutions to those in Russia.
COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY DEGREES
AMERICAN TEACHERS CAN HAVE
A.
At the doctoral level there are professional degrees and research degrees.
The most common professional degrees are the MD for medicine and the JD for
law.
The purpose of a doctoral degree program is to train research scholars in a
particular field. The doctoral degree typically involves both course work and a
major research project. It usually takes four to six years of full-time study to
complete a Ph.D. Admission into a doctoral program is considered after a
candidate has passed a set of examinations and the research project has been
approved.
B.
The bachelor's degree typically takes four years to complete, though some
students take slightly less time to finish, while others may take longer. The
associate degree usually takes two years to complete. Associate degree programs
may be "terminal" programs, which lead into specific careers upon graduation, or
"transfer" programs, which correspond to the first two years of a bachelor's degree
and lend to be more liberal arts based, tinder the latter option you could then
transfer into the third year of a four-year bachelor's degree program. Associate
degree programs are offered at two-year colleges known as junior or community
colleges, four-year colleges and universities offer bachelor's degree programs, with
a small number also offering associate degree programs.
One of the most attractive features of the bachelor's degree program in the United
States is that it is highly flexible. You can usually choose from a wide variety of
courses and create your own unique program of study. The degree is awarded after
you complete a specified number of credits, which are usually completed in four
years of lull time study. The first year is called the freshman year; the second is
called sophomore; the third, junior; and the fourth, senior. You may read that
students in the United States often take longer than four years to complete their
degrees. This may be because they change majors and need to accumulate enough
credits in the new major field to earn the degree. Or it may be because they take
less than a full-time course load per term for academic, personal, or financial
reasons. International students, however, cannot study part-time and must maintain
full-time status. Courses taken in the first two years are known as lower division
courses, and courses taken in the final two years are called upper division courses.
College catalogs usually assign a number to a course, which indicates the level of
study as follows: 100 – 199 Freshman
200 – 299 Sophomore
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300 – 399 Junior
400 – 499 Senior
C.
There are two kinds of graduate degrees: professional degrees and research
degrees, and two levels: master's and doctoral. The professional master's degree
provides specific set of skills needed to practice a particular profession and leading
directly to employment. Professional master's degrees are offered in areas such as
business and public administration, social work, journalism, public health,
international relations, urban and regional planning, communications etc. This type
of degree consists of a year of required course work, forming the basic training,
followed by a second year of specialized, study within the field. Usually these
degrees do not include a thesis option or a language requirement, but they may
involve some type of internship or fieldwork.
The research master's MA (Master of Arts) or MS (Master of Science) provides
experience in research and scholarship. The research master's is usually part of the
progression to the doctorate. It is often based on a selection process by which those
who perform adequately may be awarded their master's but be denied entry to the
doctoral program. Some universities do not admit students in (lie humanities and
social sciences for a master’s degree, as they are only interested in prospective
doctoral students.
1.Masters Degrees; 2.Doctoral degrees; 3.Bachelors and Associate Degrees.
9b Comprehension check. Scan the text and correct the false statements.
1. The research master's is usually part of the progression to the doctorate.
2. At the doctoral level there are professional degrees and research degrees.
3. The doctoral degree typically involves only a major research project.
4. One of the most attractive features of the bachelor’s degree program in the
United States is that it is highly flexible.
5. The associate degree usually takes two years to complete.
6. Associate degree programs are offered at two-year colleges known as junior or
community colleges.
7. The bachelor's degree typically takes five years to complete.
10. SPEAKING AND WRITING
10a Imagine that you are applying for a job at the university. What is in your
opinion the procedure for candidacy like? What will you write down in your
application letter? Use the following words and expressions to write such an
application.
CV (curriculum vita), qualification for the position, inquiry, nomination, to provide
a letter describing ones interest, contact information, letter of reference.
10b Play an "Acronym game." Study a list of acronyms given below. Close
your books. Form two groups. Ask a member of a group to explain the
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meaning of any acronym from the list. The group that will manage to
interpret more acronyms wins. (Consult the dictionary for pronunciation)
A.B.
Artium Baccalaureus (Bachelor of Arts)
A.M.
Artium Magister ( Master of Arts)
B.A.
Bachelor of Ats
B.A.A.E. Bachelor of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering
B.A.E.
Bachelor of Aeronautical Engineering, Bachelor of Agricultural
Engineering, Bachelor of Architectural Engineering, Bachelor of Art
Education
DVM
Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
MBA
Master of Business Administration
M.Sc.
Master of Science
LLD
Doctor of Laws
MusB(ac) Bachelor of Music
MusD(oc) Doctor of Music
MBBS
Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery
MBA
Master of Business Administration
MSA
Master of Science in Agriculture
DD
Doctor of Divinity
DDS
Doctor of Dental Surgery
DLit(t)
Doctor of Literature
DLit(t)
Doctor of Letters
BEd
Bachelor of Education
BD
Bachelor of Divinity
B.Sc.
Bachelor of Science
BDs
Bachelor of Dental Surgery
BL
Bachelor of Law
BL
Bachelor of Letters
BL
Bachelor of Literature
MPhil
Master of Philosophy
MEd
Master of Education
MFA
Master of Fine Arts
MLitt
Master of Literature
MLitt
Master of Letters
MD
Doctor of Medicine
M.Ed.
Master of Education
A.A.
Associate of Arts
A.Sc.
Associate of Sciences
PhD
Doctor of Philosophy
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WATCH AND STUDY ABROAD 2
a Find the meaning of new words in the dictionary:
counteract, offend, host country, super loud, invading, ignorance, explore, peers,
superficial, hug, direct, support, social mixing, moderately, patriotic, sloppy
b Make up your sentences with these words.
c Watch the video of EAP (Education Abroad Program) from University of
California. Make a list of stereotypes concerning Americans studying abroad
W2 (4 min) .
d Compare the information from the video clip with that you knew earlier.
e Which stereotypes you could suggest to be relevant if to speak about
students from Russia?
UNIT3
My University
In this unit you will:
Read
about Voronezh University and Moscow University
Talk
about the universities
Test
your knowledge of history of universities and Russia
Practice
suggesting, translating, speaking on a topic
Listen
to the students of Voronezh State University
Write
a summary
1.LEAD-IN
Do you know what the term
alma mater
means?
← If you study (or studied)
here then Voronezh State
University is your
alma
mater
.
1a Read the definition of alma mater and be ready to explain which three
things can be named alma mater.
Alma mater
is Latin for "nourishing mother" /
ˈ
ælmə
ˈ
me
ɪ
tər/. It was used in
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ancient Rome as a title for the mother goddess, and in Medieval Christianity for
the Virgin Mary.
In modern times it is used to refer to the university or college a person attends or
attended.
It also can refer to a song about a college or university similar to a fight
song(team anthem).
This term is derived from the motto ("Alma Mater Studiorum", meaning
Nourishing Mother of Studies) of the world's oldest, continuously-operating,
degree-granting university: the University of Bologna, in Italy, founded in A.D.
1088, which is located in the city of Bologna.
1b Choose from the list the saying you like best to speak on alma mater:
My alma mater was books, a good library – I could spend the rest of my
life reading, just satisfying my curiosity. ~
Malcolm X
Do not ask if a man has been through college; ask if a college has been
through him; if he is a walking university.
~ Edwin Hubbell Chapin
Of course there’s a lot of knowledge in universities: the freshmen bring a
little in; the seniors don’t take much away, so knowledge sort of
accumulates. ~
A. Lawrence Lowell
2.READING AND SPEAKING
2a Fulfill the following tasks.
List five names of Voronezh State University scientists.
Recollect five historical facts about VSU.
Comment on the mentioned names and facts.
Say which years are (were) considered to be jubilee for VSU
2b Suggest which of the following words means specialties and which means
specialists. Make pairs of words from the same fields of knowledge. Consult
the dictionary for pronunciation.
Medicine, Mathematics, Soil scientists, Geographers, Law, Physicists, Biology,
Chemists, Pedagogy, Geography, History, Economics, Geology, Physics,
Philology, Mathematicians, Pedagogies, Biologists, Natural sciences, Experts in
medicine,
Geologists,
Lawyers,
Philologists,
Historians,
Philosophers,
Meteorologists, Chemistry.
2c Scan the text about Voronezh State University. Choose from the text five
names of:
mathematicians; biologists; experts in medicine; geologists; lawyers;
philologists; historians; philosophers; meteorologists.
2d Scan the text and entitle its parts.