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Abstract

John Portman's skyscrapers. Urban development in the 1970s-1980s in the USA and the problem of the invasion of modern buildings in the historic environment

Zueva P. P. MArchl, Moscow, Russia

The article reveals the problem associated with widespread high-rise atrium hotels of John Portman in the 1970s-1980s in the USA, their advantage and possibility of building in new areas. The article pays attention to the expansion and destructive impact of these structures on the historic environment of urban neighborhoods. Portman popularised the idea of high-rise structures, with inner space free from pillars. He proposed modern atrium as a kind of outdoor space, creating street atmosphere. Such buildings were possible for Atlanta and Detroit, but were destructive for historic districts of Boston or New York.

The article considers the legislation regulating the organization of public spaces in the city (new regulations for the construction of high-rise buildings), which was brought in force in 1961 in New York. The author analyses the impact of the new rules on public facilities in high- rise buildings, changes in social role of skyscrapers.

The article considers the alternative approaches to urban development.

Keywords: John Portman, the skyscrapers, the concept of the atrium, zoning laws, urban development, urban environment, protection of the historic environment.